Taking COVID Vaccine Injection Whilst Fasting

5th May 2021

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Is it permissible to receive the Covid vaccine while fasting?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer: In reference to your query, as a standard principle anything that reaches the throat or stomach through the qualified cavity for instance, mouth, nose and the anus (leading to the intestines) breaks the fast. [1] COVID vaccine injections is taken in the arm which is not the qualified passage that reaches to the throat or the stomach. It is therefore permissible to take the Covid vaccine injection whilst fasting and in doing so, the fast will not break.

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

Written by:  Apa Zulaikha Yasir         Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

 

[1] Fatawe Hindiyyah, Chapter of Fasting, vol 1, page 402.

ﻭﻓﻲ ﺩﻭاء اﻟﺠﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻭاﻵﻣﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻳﺦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ اﻟﻌﺒﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻮﻑ ﻭاﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ ﻻ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﻃﺒﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺎﺑﺴﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺇﺫا ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺲ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﺻﻮﻣﻪ، ﻭﻟﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ اﻟﺮﻃﺐ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺼﻞ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﻫﻜﺬا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ، ﻭﺇﺫا ﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ، ﻭﻛﺎﻥ اﻟﺪﻭاء ﺭﻃﺒﺎ ﻓﻌﻨﺪ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ – ﺭﺣﻤﻪ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ – ﻳﻔﻄﺮ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻗﺎﻻ ﻻ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻚ، ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺑﺴﺎ ﻓﻼ ﻓﻄﺮ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎ ﻫﻜﺬا ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ

 

Durrul Mukhtar wa Hashiyah Ibn Abideen, Chapter of Fasting vol 2 p.400

بَابُ مَا يُفْسِدُ الصَّوْمَ وَمَا لَا يُفْسِدُهُ

لِأَنَّ الْعِلَّةَ مِنْ الْجَانِبَيْنِ الْوُصُولُ إلَى الْجَوْفِ وَعَدَمُهُ بِنَاءً عَلَى وُجُودِ الْمَنْفَذِ وَعَدَمِهِ لَكِنَّ هَذَا يَقْتَضِي عَدَمَ الْفَسَادِ فِي حَشْوِ الدُّبُرِ وَفَرْجِهَا الدَّاخِلِ وَلَا مُخَلِّصَ إلَّا بِإِثْبَاتِ أَنَّ الْمَدْخَلَ فِيهِمَا تَجْذِبُهُ الطَّبِيعَةُ فَلَا يَعُودُ إلَّا مَعَ الْخَارِجِ الْمُعْتَادِ وَتَمَامُهُ فِي الْفَتْحِ. قُلْت: الْأَقْرَبُ التَّخَلُّصُ بِأَنَّ الدُّبُرَ وَالْفَرْجَ الدَّاخِلَ مِنْ الْجَوْفِ إذْ لَا حَاجِزَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَبَيْنَهُ فَهُمَا فِي حُكْمِهِ وَالْفَمُ وَالْأَنْفُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَهُمَا وَبَيْنَ الْجَوْفِ حَاجِزٌ إلَّا أَنَّ الشَّارِعَ اعْتَبَرَهُمَا فِي الصَّوْمِ مِنْ الْخَارِجِ.

 

Does the Fast break by taking Tablets for Seizure?

4th April 2021

 

Question: I have an occasional seizure which requires me to take a tablet in the morning and night (Tegretol). Due to this medical reason, I have been unable to fast. I would like to know concerning these tablets to my knowledge these control seizures from happening and does not have nutrition values, unlike a vitamin C or cod liver oils etc. If I were to take the tablet in the morning at 9am would such a tablet break my fast – without taking water, just swallowing the tablet?

 

 الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your case scenario, for the specific medical reason that you are unable to fast during Ramadhān would require you to make up for it as Qadha at your convenient time. Regarding the tablet itself then firstly note that anything that reaches and disappears into the stomach via the qualified cavity – i.e the throat – by swallowing it breaks the fast regardless if it is medicine, food or otherwise. This is the standard accepted rule.[1] The tablets are usually taken so to calm the nerve impulses that causes seizure.

So, to take the tablets to control the seizures irrespective if they are deemed nutritious or not still breaks the fast. However, if the medical doctor has strongly advised you to take them every day during fasting times such as 9:00am otherwise your seizure will increase then you can take the tablets and make up for the fasts later on as Qadha when possible. The underpinning principle is that if fasting is likely to increase an existing illness or delay in recovery then you have the choice to delay or break the fast and postpone it to a later date.[2] If your seizure is controlled to a certain degree that doesn’t require you to take the tablets every day nor during the day but once in the evening after iftar for instance then you must fast and avoid taking them during the day provided that this doesn’t exacerbate the seizure. By taking the tablets when not necessary whilst fasting results both in Qadha and Kaffarah – fast for 60 days continuously.

 

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

 

 

Written and researched by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

 

 

[1] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābus Sawm,, vol 2 p. 396

وَمُفَادُهُ أَنَّ اسْتِقْرَارَ الدَّاخِلِ فِي الْجَوْفِ شَرْطٌ لِلْفَسَادِ بَدَائِعُ.

 

Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābus Sawm,, vol 2 p. 410

بَابُ مَا يُفْسِدُ الصَّوْمَ وَمَا لَا يُفْسِدُهُ الْفَسَادُ

(أَوْ دَوَاءً) مَا يُتَدَاوَى بِهِ وَالضَّابِطُ وُصُولُ مَا فِيهِ صَلَاحُ بَدَنِهِ لِجَوْفِهِ

مُلَخَّصًا وَقَالَ فِي النَّهْرِ: إنَّهُ يُعِيدُ عَنْ التَّحْقِيقِ إذْ بِتَقْدِيرِهِ يَكُونُ قَوْلُهُمْ أَوْ دَوَاءٌ حَشْوًا وَاَلَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الْمُحَقِّقُونَ أَنَّ مَعْنَى الْفِطْرِ وُصُولُ مَا فِيهِ صَلَاحُ الْبَدَنِ إلَى الْجَوْفِ أَعَمُّ مِنْ كَوْنِهِ غِذَاءً أَوْ دَوَاءً يُقَابِلُ الْقَوْلَ الْأَوَّلَ هَذَا هُوَ الْمُنَاسِبُ فِي تَحْقِيقِ مَحَلِّ الْخِلَافِ.

 

[2] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābus Sawm,, vol 2 p. 422

فَصْلٌ فِي الْعَوَارِضِ الْمُبِيحَةِ لِعَدَمِ الصَّوْمِ

أَوْ مَرِيضٍ خَافَ الزِّيَادَةَ) لِمَرَضِهِ وَصَحِيحٍ خَافَ الْمَرَضَ، وَخَادِمَةٍ خَافَتْ الضَّعْفَ بِغَلَبَةِ الظَّنِّ بِأَمَارَةٍ أَوْ تَجْرِبَةٍ أَوْ بِأَخْبَارِ طَبِيبٍ حَاذِقٍ مُسْلِمٍ مَسْتُورٍ

(قَوْلُهُ خَافَ الزِّيَادَةَ) أَوْ إبْطَاءَ الْبُرْءِ أَوْ فَسَادَ عُضْوٍ بِحَرٍّ أَوْ وَجَعَ الْعَيْنِ أَوْ جِرَاحَةً أَوْ صُدَاعًا أَوْ غَيْرَهُ، وَمِثْلُهُ مَا إذَا كَانَ يُمَرِّضُ الْمَرْضَى قُهُسْتَانِيٌ ط أَيْ بِأَنْ يَعُولَهُمْ وَيَلْزَمَ مِنْ صَوْمِهِ ضَيَاعُهُمْ وَهَلَاكُهُمْ لِضَعْفِهِ عَنْ الْقِيَامِ بِهِمْ إذَا صَامَ (قَوْلُهُ وَصَحِيحٍ خَافَ الْمَرَضَ) أَيْ بِغَلَبَةِ الظَّنِّ كَمَا يَأْتِي

 

Muheetul Burhani vol 2 p. 391

الفصل السابع في الأسباب المبيحة للفطر

إذا ثبت هذا: فنقول المريض إذا خاف على نفسه التلف، أو ذهاب عضو منه يفطر بالإجماع، وإن خاف زيادة العلة وامتداده، فكذلك عندنا، وعليه القضاء إذا أفطر لقوله تعالى: {ومن كان مريضاً أو على سفر، فعدة من أيام أخر} (البقرة: 185)

 

Dead Souls Meeting, Feeling Pain and Returning to this World

30th March 2021

 

Question: Do dead souls meet each other after death, do they feel pain and do they return to the world after death? Kindly elaborate in light of evidences.

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

The true nature of the soul’s entity and its function rests with Allāh Almighty Alone. Allāh Almighty references in the noble Quran the limited knowledge humans possess about the soul, “They ask you (O Muhammad) regarding the ruh, say that the ruh is from the matters of my Lord and I have not been given any (of its) knowledge except a little.”[1] This suggests that albeit we have some indications of its entity, we cannot fully comprehend its actual potential and reality. These are matters beyond human realm and as a result, we can only rely on those prophetic narrations and scholarly interpretations that have been transmitted to us through reliable reports without dwelling into its modality.  What we know so far, as will be explored that dead souls do meet each other in the Hereafter either with those of the similar status or with whom Allāh Almighty wishes to unite. The soul remains connected to the human body but not in the similar way during one’s lifetime. It returns to this world during specific occasions. It is due to their connection that both the body and the soul feel pleasure and pain. Each point is detailed below.

 

Dead Souls meeting Each other

There are clear indications in the noble Quran and Hadīth that the pious and irreligious souls do meet. Allāh Almighty states in the Quran, “Those who obey Allāh and his Messenger will be amongst those whom Allāh has favoured amongst the Prophets, the truthful ones, the martyrs and the righteous, how beautiful is their companionship.”[2]  Imām Sa’īd ibn Jubayr rahimahullah reports the backdrop to this incident that once an Ansari companion came to the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam grieved. The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam enquired from him the reason for his grievance. He responded by expressing his concern that he was unable to reunite with the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam after death despite his intense love towards the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam as he will be amongst the gathering of the Prophets whilst he will be in the lower station. Allāh Almighty responded to his concern by revealing the above verse. It is further reported that those in the high status will descend to meet those in the lower status and shall assemble in one of the gardens of paradise discussing and praising Allāh’s favours upon them whilst enjoying the pleasures of paradise.[3] This suggests that after death, Allāh Almighty will allow righteous souls to meet with one another. Contrarily, the disbelieving souls will be restricted from meeting other souls unless Allāh Almighty wills it otherwise as they will be suffering the punishment. Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah rahimahullah explains under this verse the two types of souls; punishable souls and the blessed souls. He states that all punishable souls are preoccupied with the sufferings of the punishment they will be facing, preventing them from visiting each other. The blessed souls on the other hand will be set free and unrestricted from visiting one another, conversing amongst themselves what they used to do in this world and the affairs of the people in the world. Each soul shall accompany those friends who did similar good deeds. The soul of our Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wasallam however is with the highest companions.[4]

Following from this is another detailed narration wherein the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam elaborated on how the soul is extracted from a believer and a disbeliever. According to the narration of Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah radhiyallahu anhu, when the angels extract a believer’s soul and give him the glad tidings, his soul is raised to the heavens and scented with a beautiful fragrance. The souls of the believers amongst his loved ones rejoice upon his arrival and talk to him. The wordings of the Hadīth are;

“Then the souls of the believers come to him and rejoice over him more than any one of you rejoices when his absent loved one comes to him. They ask him: ‘What happened to so and so, what happened to so and so? [They say this until one of them says]: ‘Let him be, for he was in the distress of the world. When he says, ‘Did he not come here?’ They say: ‘He was taken to the pit (of Hell).”[5]

In other narrations according to At-Tībi rahimahullah: “Some of them will say to others: Leave this new arrival alone for he has just left the weariness and the troubles of the world.”

Sa’īd ibn Musayyib rahimahullah states, “When a man dies then his child (who died before him) visits him just as he visits an absent person.”[6]  

It is also reported that when a disbeliever dies and given the severe warning of hell fire, he unites with other disbelievers in the punishment but are not free to converse or socialise with other souls like the believers do because of the severe punishment they will be experiencing. All of this establishes that new souls do meet with previously deceased souls. Righteous souls in particular are permitted to roam freely in paradise and meet their loved ones. Does this then necessarily imply that they return to this world also? The following section addresses this point.

 

Returning to this world

The question on the soul returning to this world or not pivots on the question whether the soul remains connected to the body or not after its departure. Ibn Qayyim Jawziyyah rahimahullah describes the five types of attachment of the soul with the body.

  1. Its attachment with the foetus (which is breathed into it after 120 days according to another narration).
  2. Its attachment upon delivery.
  3. Its attachment to a sleeping person; it is connected in one way but detached in another way. (According to another narration, the soul reaches to Allāh in prostration until it is granted permission to return to the body).
  4. Its connection in the world of barzakh, as in, though the soul has left the body, it is not completely detached from it. An example of this is the report of the soul reattaching with the body after death for questioning and to return the greeting.
  5. Its connection on the day of resurrection. This is where the soul enters the body for resurrection. This will be complete attachment in every way.[7]

This classification suggests that the soul remains attached to the body but in different ways depending on the human being’s state. Concerning the fourth point, the following report indicates to how the soul after its departure still remains connected to the body. In a detailed narration, when the angel of death extracts the soul of a believer, he gives it the glad tidings, shrouds the soul in a cloth from Jannah with a beautiful scent and ascends to the heavens up until the seventh heaven. Allāh Almighty then announces for his deeds to be recorded in the illiyyeeen (a station in Jannah) and then returns it to the world to reunite with the body for questioning.  The wordings of the Hadīth are;

“And then his soul is returned to the body. Two angels then come and make him sit upright and ask him. ‘Who is your Lord?’ He says, ‘My Lord is Allāh.’ They then ask him, ‘What is your religion?’ He says, ‘My religion is Islām.’  Then they ask him, ‘Who is this man who was sent amongst you?’ He will reply, ‘He is the Messenger of Allāh.’

As for the disbeliever, when his soul is extracted painfully, his soul is taken to the heavens emitting an ordure smell like the smell of a carcass. The deeds of the evil soul are recorded in the sijjeen (a place in Hell). The evil soul is barred from entering into the first heaven and thus falls from the heaven until its soul reunites with the body for questioning. The wordings of the Hadīth are;

“And then his soul is returned to the body. Then two angels come to make him sit upright and ask him. ‘Who is your Lord?’ He says, ‘I do not know.’ They then ask him, ‘What is your religion?’ He says, ‘I do not know.’  Then they ask him, ‘Who is this man who was sent amongst you?’ He will reply, ‘I do not know.’ [8]

In this detailed narration, the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam said that the soul whether a believer or disbeliever reconnects with the body but momentarily for questioning. The soul then resides in the world of Barzakh to either receive the punishment or reward. Either way, the soul remains connected with the body but not in the manner during one’s life time. Mullah Ali Qari rahimahullah explains in his commentary,

“Every soul has an implicit (ma’nawi) connection (with the body) that does not resemble the attachment during worldly life. (the attachment) instead resembles that of a sleeping person except that the soul is strongly attached during sleep.”[9]

Mullah Ali Qari rahimahullah further on explains that this re-attachment is with the whole body and not with just some part of the body like others have claimed.[10] In other words, just as the soul remains attached to a dormant person yet unconscious then similarly, the soul remains attached to the body itself despite the soul not being able to revive the body irrespective if the body has decomposed or not. It thus returns for questioning only.[11]

There is another narration that when a living person greets the deceased in the grave then Allāh Almighty returns pious souls to the body to respond to the person’s greeting. Ibn Abdul Barr rahimahullah relates a Hadīth wherein the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam said, “No Muslim passes by the grave of his brother who he was acquainted with in this world and greets him except that Allāh returns his soul (to the body) to respond to it.”

The above narrations so far establish that the soul remains attached to the body after death and that souls do meet in the world of barzakh and return to this world for questioning and to return the salām of his Muslim brother. There are no authentic narrations to establish that the souls return to visit their beloved and family members in this world.  However, through experience they can appear in their dreams. Ibn Qayyim Jawziyyah rahimahullah himself enlists numerous accounts of pious people visiting deceased souls in their dreams. For instance, Abdullah ibn Mubarak rahimahullah once saw Sufyan al-Thawri rahimahullah in his dream after his demise. He asked him, “How did Allāh treat you?” Sufyan al-Thawri rahimahullah replied, “I met the Prophet and his companions.”[12] After recalling the accounts of such dreams, Ibn Qayyim Jawziyyah rahimahullah concludes that evidently, dead souls can meet the living in their dreams informing them of the life after death, inform of the past and future events, monetary debt or other matters.[13]

In short, like dead souls are connected to their bodies, they can also meet the living through dreams but not necessarily come to visit them outside of dreams. The soul’s connection to the body raises another important question whether the dead body feels pain or not.

 

Body Feeling pain

Scholars have indicated that due to the connection between the body and soul after death, arguably both can feel either pain or comfort. Qadhi Iyadh rahimahullah states, “It is said that the luxury or punishment of the souls that is part of the body also remains inside the body which is punished and chastised or comforted and blessed.”[14]  Ibn Qayyim Jawziyyah rahimahullah states that with the soul and the body being connected after death, both share the experience of comfort and punishment. Thereafter, on the day of judgment, the soul returns to the body for resurrection standing in front of their graves before the Lord of the worlds. This is agreed by all whether Muslims, Jews or Christians.[15]

Scholars have also established bodily pain being felt after death from the prophetic Hadīth where the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam said, “Breaking the bone of the dead is like breaking it whilst being alive.” The mainstream understanding is that it refers to the bodily dignity, however Ibn Mālik rahimahullah maintains that it refers to the dead body feeling pain. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani rahimahullah infers that body also feels comfort and pleasure like it did whilst being alive. It is authentically reported from Ibn Mas’ūd radhiyallahu anhu that harming the deceased believer is like harming him whilst being alive.[16]

It is evident that the body needs to be treated with dignity because it experiences both relief and pain like the living. For this reason, Hanafi jurists such as Ibn Ābideen Shāmi rahimahullah under the discussion of bathing the deceased writes that “pure water to be boiled moderately because the deceased feels the pain like the living does.”[17]

To conclude the discussion, deceased souls remain connected with their human body whose reality only Allāh Almighty knows. Allāh Almighty created the soul with certain abilities beyond human comprehension. We come to discover a sample of its ability through prophetic reports and statements of the pious predecessors and anything beyond that is mere speculation. What we know is that the body feels pleasure and pain because of the soul. It returns for questioning and to return the greeting from the living. Righteous souls meet and socialise with one another through Allāh’s divine will.

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

Written and researched by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

 

[1] Surah al-Isra [85:17]

[2] Quran, Surah Nisa [4:96]

 

[3] Ibn Katheer, vol 2, p. 311

قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ الْقُمِّيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي الْمُغِيرَةِ، عن سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصار إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهُوَ مَحْزُونٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «يَا فُلَانُ مَا لِي أَرَاكَ محزونا؟» فقال: يا نبي الله شيء فكرت فيه، فقال: مَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: نَحْنُ نَغْدُو عَلَيْكَ وَنَرُوحُ نَنْظُرُ إِلَى وَجْهِكَ وَنُجَالِسُكَ وَغَدًا تُرْفَعُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّينَ فَلَا نَصِلُ إِلَيْكَ، فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ النَّبِيُّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم شَيْئًا، فَأَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ فَأُولئِكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ الآية، فَبَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَبَشَّرَهُ. وقد روي هذا الأثر مرسلا عن مسروق، وعن عكرمة، وَعَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ وَقَتَادَةَ، وَعَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ وَهُوَ مِنْ أَحْسَنِهَا سَنَدًا، قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَوْلُهُ: وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ الآية، وقال: إِنَّ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالُوا: قَدْ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَهُ فَضْلٌ عَلَى مَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ فِي دَرَجَاتِ الْجَنَّةِ مِمَّنِ اتَّبَعَهُ وَصَدَّقَهُ، وَكَيْفَ لَهُمْ إِذَا اجْتَمَعُوا فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَنْ يَرَى بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، يَعْنِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ، فَقَالَ: يَعْنِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ «إِنِ الْأَعْلَيْنَ يَنْحَدِرُونَ إِلَى مَنْ هُوَ أَسْفَلُ منهم، فيجتمعون في رياض فَيَذْكُرُونَ مَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيُثْنُونَ عَلَيْهِ، وَيَنْزِلُ لَهُمْ أَهْلُ الدَّرَجَاتِ فَيَسْعَوْنَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِمَا يَشْتَهُونَ وَمَا يَدْعُونَ بِهِ، فَهُمْ فِي رَوْضَةٍ يُحْبَرُونَ وَيَتَنَعَّمُونَ فِيهِ»

 

[4] Kitab Ruh p. 43, vol 1

فهي أيضا مسألة شريفة كبيرة القدر، وجوابها أن الارواح قسمان : أرواح معذبة ، وأرواح منعمة . فالمعذبة في شغل مما هي فيه من العذاب عن التزاور والتلاقي . والارواح المنعمة المرسلة غير المحبوسة تتلاقى وتتزاور وتتذاكر ما كان منها في الدنيا وما يكون من اهل الدنيا، فتكون كل روح مع رفيقها الذي هو  على مثل عملها. وروح نبينا محمد في الرفيق الاعلى.

 

[5] Sunnan Nasai, No. 1833

بَابُ مَا يُلْقَى بِهِ الْمُؤْمِنُ مِنَ الْكَرَامَةِ عِنْدَ خُرُوجِ نَفْسِهِ

أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ قَسَامَةَ بْنِ زُهَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: ” إِذَا حُضِرَ الْمُؤْمِنُ أَتَتْهُ مَلَائِكَةُ الرَّحْمَةِ بِحَرِيرَةٍ بَيْضَاءَ فَيَقُولُونَ: اخْرُجِي رَاضِيَةً مَرْضِيًّا عَنْكِ إِلَى رَوْحِ اللَّهِ، وَرَيْحَانٍ، وَرَبٍّ غَيْرِ غَضْبَانَ، فَتَخْرُجُ كَأَطْيَبِ رِيحِ الْمِسْكِ، حَتَّى أَنَّهُ لَيُنَاوِلُهُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، حَتَّى يَأْتُونَ بِهِ بَابَ السَّمَاءِ فَيَقُولُونَ: مَا أَطْيَبَ هَذِهِ الرِّيحَ الَّتِي جَاءَتْكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ، فَيَأْتُونَ بِهِ أَرْوَاحَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَلَهُمْ أَشَدُّ فَرَحًا بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدِكُمْ بِغَائِبِهِ يَقْدَمُ عَلَيْهِ، فَيَسْأَلُونَهُ: مَاذَا فَعَلَ فُلَانٌ؟ مَاذَا فَعَلَ فُلَانٌ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: دَعُوهُ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ فِي غَمِّ الدُّنْيَا، فَإِذَا قَالَ: أَمَا أَتَاكُمْ؟ قَالُوا: ذُهِبَ بِهِ إِلَى أُمِّهِ الْهَاوِيَةِ، وَإِنَّ الْكَافِرَ إِذَا احْتُضِرَ أَتَتْهُ مَلَائِكَةُ الْعَذَابِ بِمِسْحٍ فَيَقُولُونَ: اخْرُجِي سَاخِطَةً مَسْخُوطًا عَلَيْكِ إِلَى عَذَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَتَخْرُجُ كَأَنْتَنِ رِيحِ جِيفَةٍ، حَتَّى يَأْتُونَ بِهِ بَابَ الْأَرْضِ، فَيَقُولُونَ: مَا أَنْتَنَ هَذِهِ الرِّيحَ حَتَّى يَأْتُونَ بِهِ أَرْوَاحَ الْكُفَّارِ “

Mirqat, Sharhu Mishkat, vol 3, p. 1174

(مَاذَا فَعَلَ فُلَانٌ؟) أَيْ: كَيْفَ حَالُهُ وَشَأْنُهُ؟ أَيْ: فِي الطَّاعَةِ لِيَفْرَحُوا بِهِ وَيَدْعُوا لَهُ بِالِاسْتِقَامَةِ أَوْ فِي الْمَعْصِيَةِ لِيَحْزَنُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَيَسْتَغْفِرُوا لَهُ. (مَاذَا فَعَلَ فُلَانٌ؟) تَأْكِيدٌ، أَوِ الْمُرَادُ شَخْصٌ آخَرُ، وَهُوَ الْأَظْهَرُ. (فَيَقُولُونَ) أَيْ: بَعْضٌ آخَرُ مِنَ الْأَرْوَاحِ، وَفِي نُسْخَةٍ صَحِيحَةٍ: فَيَقُولُ: أَيْ: بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْ أَحَدُهُمْ. (دَعُوهُ) أَيِ: اتْرُكُوهُ. (الْآنَ) وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ حَتَّى يَسْتَرِيحَ. قَالَ الطِّيبِيُّ: أَيْ: يَقُولُ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ: دَعُوا الْقَادِمَ فَإِنَّهُ حَدِيثُ عَهْدٍ بِتَعَبِ الدُّنْيَا. (فَإِنَّهُ) أَيِ: الْقَادِمُ. (فِي غَمِّ الدُّنْيَا) وَفِي نُسْخَةٍ صَحِيحَةٍ: فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ فِي غَمِّ الدُّنْيَا فَكَانَ زَائِدَةٌ، أَوْ ضَمِيرُ فَإِنَّهُ لِلشَّأْنِ، وَكَانَ أَيِ: الْقَادِمُ فِي غَمِّ الدُّنْيَا إِلَى الْآنَ مَا اسْتَرَاحَ مِنْ هَمِّهَا.

 

[6] Kitab Ruh p. 52

وقال سعيد بن المسئب: إذا مات الرجل استقبله ولده كما يستقبل الغائب

 

[7] Kitab Ruh p. 124-5

على أن قوله : “ثم تعاد روحه في جسده ” لا يدل على حياة مستقرة ، وإنما يدل على إعادة لها إلى البدن وتعلق به . والروج لم تزل متعلقة ببدنها، وإن بلي ، وتمزق . وسر ذلك أن الروج لها بالبدن خمسة أنواع من التعلق متغايرة الاحكام )

أحدها: تعلقها به في بطن الام جنينا

الثاني : تعلقها به بعد خروجه إ لى وجه الارض .

الثالث : تعلقها يه في حال النوم ، فلها به تعلق من وجه ، ومفارقة من وجه.

الرابع : تعلقها به في البرزخ ، فإنها وان فارقته و تجردت عنه فإنها لم تفارقه فراقا كليا بحيث لا يبقى لها التفات ) 5( إليه البتة . وقد ذكرنا في أول

ا لجواب من الاحاديث والاثار ما يدل على ردها إليه وقت سلام المسلم، وهذا الرد إعادة خاصة لا توجب حياة البدن قبل يوم القيامة

]فقال ابن عبد البر: ثبت عن النبي لمجي! أنه قال : “ما من مسلم  يمر بقبرأخيه ، كان يعرفه في الدنيا، فيسلم عليه الا رد الله عليه روحه حتى يرد عليه السلام [

الخامس : تعلقها به يوم بعث الاجساد. وهو اكمل انواع تعلقها بالبدن ، ولا نسبة لما قبله من أنواع التعلق إليه ؛ إذ هو تعلق لا يقبل البدن معه

موتا ولا نوما ولا فسادا

[8] MIshkat al-Masabeeh No. 1630

وَعَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ قَالَ: «خَرَجْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – فِي جِنَازَةِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَانْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى الْقَبْرِ، وَلَمَّا يُلْحَدْ فَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – وَجَلَسْنَا حَوْلَهُ كَأَنَّ عَلَى رُءُوسِنَا الطَّيْرَ وَفِي يَدِهِ عُودٌ يَنْكُتُ بِهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ، فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَقَالَ: اسْتَعِيذُوا بِاللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ الْمُؤْمِنَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي انْقِطَاعٍ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَإِقْبَالٍ مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ نَزَلَ إِلَيْهِ مَلَائِكَةٌ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، بِيضُ الْوُجُوهِ، كَأَنَّ وُجُوهَهُمُ الشَّمْسُ، مَعَهُمْ كَفَنٌ مِنْ أَكْفَانِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَحَنُوطٌ مِنْ حَنُوطِ الْجَنَّةِ، حَتَّى يَجْلِسُوا مِنْهُ مَدَّ الْبَصَرِ، ثُمَّ يَجِيءُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ – عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ – حَتَّى يَجْلِسَ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ فَيَقُولُ: أَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الطَّيِّبَةُ اخْرُجِي إِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: فَتَخْرُجُ تَسِيلُ كَمَا تَسِيلُ الْقَطْرَةُ مِنَ السِّقَاءِ، فَيَأْخُذُهَا فَإِذَا أَخَذَهَا لَمْ يَدَعُوهَا فِي يَدِهِ طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ حَتَّى يَأْخُذُوهَا فَيَجْعَلُوهَا فِي ذَلِكَ الْكَفَنِ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ الْحَنُوطِ، وَيَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا كَأَطْيَبِ نَفْحَةِ مِسْكٍ وُجِدَتْ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ، قَالَ: فَيَصْعَدُونَ بِهَا فَلَا يَمُرُّونَ يَعْنِي بِهَا عَلَى مَلَأٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ إِلَّا قَالُوا: مَا هَذَا الرُّوحُ الطَّيِّبُ؟ يَقُولُونَ: فُلَانُ ابْنُ فُلَانٍ بِأَحْسَنِ أَسْمَائِهِ الَّتِي كَانُوا يُسَمُّونَهُ بِهَا فِي الدُّنْيَا، حَتَّى يَنْتَهُوا بِهَا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا، فَيَسْتَفْتِحُونَ لَهُ فَيُفْتَحُ لَهُمْ فَيُشَيِّعُهُ مِنْ كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ مُقَرَّبُوهَا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الَّتِي تَلِيهَا، حَتَّى يُنْتَهَى بِهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ السَّابِعَةِ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ – عَزَّ وَجَلَّ -: اكْتُبُوا كِتَابَ عَبْدِي فِي عِلِّيِّينَ، وَأَعِيدُوهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ ; فَإِنِّي مِنْهَا خَلَقْتُهُمْ، وَفِيهَا أُعِيدُهُمْ، وَمِنْهَا أُخْرِجُهُمْ تَارَةً أُخْرَى. قَالَ: فَتُعَادُ رُوحُهُ فِي جَسَدِهِ فَيَأْتِيهِ مَلَكَانِ فَيُجْلِسَانِهِ فَيَقُولَانِ لَهُ: مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّيَ اللَّهُ. يَقُولَانِ لَهُ: مَا دِينُكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: دِينِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ. فَيَقُولَانِ لَهُ: مَا هَذَا الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي بُعِثَ فِيكُمْ؟ يَقُولُ: هُوَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ –. فَيَقُولَانِ لَهُ: وَمَا عِلْمُكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: قَرَأْتُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ فَآمَنْتُ بِهِ وَصَدَّقْتُ، فَيُنَادِي مُنَادٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ أَنْ صَدَقَ عَبْدِي، فَأَفْرِشُوهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ، وَأَلْبِسُوهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ، وَافْتَحُوا لَهُ بَابًا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ قَالَ: فَيَأْتِيهِ مِنْ رَوْحِهَا وَطِيبِهَا فَيُفْسَحُ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ مَدَّ بَصَرِهِ. قَالَ: وَيَأْتِيهِ رَجُلٌ حَسَنُ الْوَجْهِ، حَسَنُ الثِّيَابِ طَيِّبُ الرِّيحِ. فَيَقُولُ: أَبْشِرْ بِالَّذِي يَسُرُّكَ، هَذَا يَوْمُكَ الَّذِي كُنْتَ تُوعَدُ فَيَقُولُ لَهُ مَنْ أَنْتَ فَوَجْهُكَ الْوَجْهُ وَيَجِيءُ بِالْخَيْرِ، فَيَقُولُ: أَنَا عَمَلُكَ الصَّالِحُ. فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّ، أَقِمِ السَّاعَةَ، رَبِّ أَقِمِ السَّاعَةَ حَتَّى أَرْجِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِي وَمَالِي. قَالَ: وَإِنَّ الْعَبْدَ الْكَافِرَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي انْقِطَاعٍ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَإِقْبَالٍ مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ نَزَلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَلَائِكَةٌ سُودُ الْوُجُوهِ، مَعَهُمُ الْمُسُوحُ فَيَجْلِسُونَ مِنْهُ مَدَّ الْبَصَرِ، ثُمَّ يَجِيءُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ حَتَّى يَجْلِسَ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ فَيَقُولُ: أَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْخَبِيثَةُ اخْرُجِي إِلَى سَخَطٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: فَتُفَرَّقُ فِي جَسَدِهِ فَيَنْتَزِعُهَا كَمَا يُنْزَعُ السَّفُّودُ مِنَ الصُّوفِ الْمَبْلُولِ، فَيَأْخُذُهَا وَإِذَا أَخَذَهَا لَمْ يَدْعُوهَا فِي يَدِهِ طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ حَتَّى يَجْعَلُوهَا فِي تِلْكَ الْمُسُوحِ، وَتَخْرُجَ مِنْهَا كَأَنْتَنِ رِيحِ جِيفَةٍ وُجِدَتْ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ، فَيَصْعَدُونَ بِهَا فَلَا يَمُرُّونَ بِهَا عَلَى مَلَأٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ إِلَّا قَالُوا: مَا هَذَا الرُّوحُ الْخَبِيثُ؟ يَقُولُونَ: فُلَانُ ابْنُ فُلَانٍ بِأَقْبَحِ أَسْمَائِهِ الَّتِي كَانَ يُسَمَّى بِهَا فِي الدُّنْيَا، حَتَّى يُنْتَهَى بِهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا فَيُسْتَفْتَحُ لَهُ، فَلَا يُفْتَحُ لَهُ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: {لَا تُفَتَّحُ لَهُمْ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ وَلَا يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ حَتَّى يَلِجَ الْجَمَلُ فِي سَمِّ الْخِيَاطِ} [الأعراف: 40] فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: اكْتُبُوا كِتَابَهُ فِي سِجِّينٍ، فِي الْأَرْضِ السُّفْلَى، فَتُطْرَحُ رُوحُهُ طَرْحًا، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: {وَمَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَكَأَنَّمَا خَرَّ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَتَخْطَفُهُ الطَّيْرُ أَوْ تَهْوِي بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِي مَكَانٍ سَحِيقٍ} [الحج: 31] فَتُعَادُ رُوحُهُ فِي جَسَدِهِ، وَيَأْتِيهِ مَلَكَانِ فَيُجْلِسَانِهِ فَيَقُولَانِ لَهُ: مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟ يَقُولُ: هَاهْ هَاهْ، لَا أَدْرِي. فَيَقُولَانِ لَهُ: مَا دِينُكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: هَاهْ هَاهْ لَا أَدْرِي. فَيَقُولَانِ: مَا هَذَا الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي بُعِثَ فِيكُمْ؟ فَيَقُولُ: هَاهْ هَاهْ لَا أَدْرِي. فَيُنَادِي مُنَادٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ أَنْ كَذَبَ فَأَفْرِشُوهُ مِنَ النَّارِ وَافْتَتِحُوا لَهُ بَابًا إِلَى النَّارِ فَيَأْتِيهِ حَرُّهَا وَسَمُومُهَا، وَيُضَيَّقُ عَلَيْهِ قَبْرُهُ حَتَّى تَخْتَلِفَ فِيهِ أَضْلَاعُهُ، وَيَأْتِيهِ رَجُلٌ قَبِيحُ الْوَجْهِ، قَبِيحُ الثِّيَابِ، مُنْتِنُ الرِّيحِ، فَيَقُولُ: أَبْشِرْ بِالَّذِي يَسُوءُكَ، هَذَا يَوْمُكَ الَّذِي كُنْتَ تُوعَدُ. فَيَقُولُ: مَنْ أَنْتَ، فَوَجْهُكَ الْوَجْهُ يَجِيءُ بِالشَّرِّ؟ فَيَقُولُ: أَنَا عَمَلُكَ الْخَبِيثُ، فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّ لَا تُقِمِ السَّاعَةَ»

[9] Mirqat, Sharhu Mishkat, vol 3, p. 1177

قَالَ: فَتُعَادُ رُوحُهُ فِي جَسَدِهِ فَيَأْتِيهِ مَلَكَانِ فَيُجْلِسَانِهِ فَيَقُولَانِ لَهُ: مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّيَ اللَّهُ. يَقُولَانِ لَهُ: مَا دِينُكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: دِينِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ.

وَلِكُلِّ رُوحٍ بِجَسَدِهَا اتِّصَالٌ مَعْنَوِيٌّ لَا يُشْبِهُ الِاتِّصَالَ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا، بَلْ أَشْبَهُ شَيْءٍ بِهِ حَالُ النَّائِمِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ هُوَ أَشَدَّ مِنْ حَالِ النَّائِمِ اتِّصَالًا، وَبِهَذَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مَا وَرَدَ أَنَّ مَقَرَّهَا فِي عِلِّيِّينَ أَوْ سِجِّينٍ وَبَيْنَ مَا نَقَلَهُ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ عَنِ الْجُمْهُورِ أَنَّهَا عِنْدَ أَفَنِيَةِ قُبُورِهَا.

 

[10] Mirqat, Sharhu Mishkat, vol 3, p. 1178

(فَتُعَادُ رُوحُهُ فِي جَسَدِهِ) ظَاهِرُ الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ عَوْدَ الرُّوحِ إِلَى جَمِيعِ أَجْزَاءِ بَدَنِهِ، فَلَا الْتِفَاتَ إِلَى قَوْلِ الْبَعْضِ بِأَنَّ الْعَوْدَ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ إِلَى الْبَعْضِ، وَلَا إِلَى قَوْلِ ابْنِ حَجَرٍ إِلَى نِصْفِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَصِحُّ أَنْ يُقَالَ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْعَقْلِ بَلْ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى صِحَّةِ النَّقْلِ

[11] Kitab Ruh p. 123

ان أراد به حياة أخرى غير هذه ا لحياة ، بل تعاد الروح إليه إعادة غير الاعادة المألوفة في الدنيا، ليسأل ويمتحن في قبره فهذا حق، ونفيه خطأ. وقد دل عليه النص الصحيح الصريح ، وهو قوله : “فتعاد روحه في جسده

 

[12] Kitab Ruh p. 49

وقال عبد الله بن المبارك : رأيت سفيان الثوري في النوم فقلت له : ما. فعل الله بك ؟ قال : لقيت محمدا وحزبه

 

[13] Kitab Ruh p. 59

وقد دل على التقاء ارواح الاحياء والاموات ان ا لحي يرى الميت في منامه ، فيستخبره ، ويخبره الميت بما لا يعلمه الحي ، فيصادف خبره كما اخبر في الماضي و لمستقبل . وربما خبره بمال دفنه الميت في مكان لم يعلم به سواه . وربما خبره بدين عليه ، وذكر له شواهده و دلته

 

[14] Sharhu Nawawi vol 13, p. 32

قَالَ الْقَاضِي وَقِيلَ إِنَّ هَذَا الْمُنَعَّمَ أَوِ الْمُعَذَّبَ مِنَ الْأَرْوَاحِ جُزْءٌ مِنَ الْجَسَدِ تَبْقَى فِيهِ الرُّوحُ وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَتَأَلَّمُ وَيُعَذَّبُ وَيَلْتَذُّ وَيُنَعَّمُ وَهُوَ الذى يقول رب ارجعون وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَسْرَحُ فِي شَجَرِ الْجَنَّةِ فَغَيْرُ مُسْتَحِيلٍ أَنْ يُصَوَّرَ هَذَا الْجُزْءُ طَائِرًا أَوْ يُجْعَلَ فِي جَوْفِ طَائِرٍ وَفِي قَنَادِيلَ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ وَغَيْرَ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ

 

[15] Kitab Ruh p. 149

“فإذا عرفت هذه الاقوال الباطلة فلتعلم أن مذهب سلف الامة و ئمتها: أن الميت إذا مات يكون في نعيم أو عذاب ، وأن ذلك يحصل لروحه وبدنه ، و ان الروح تبقى بعد مفارقة البدن منعمة أو معذبة ، وأنها تتصل بالبدن أحيانا فيحصل له معها النعيم أو العذاب . ثم إذا كان يوم القيامة الكبرى أعيدت الارواح إ لى الأجساد، وقاموا من قبورهم لرب العالمين. ومعاد الابدان متفق عليه بين المسلمين و ليهود والنصارى “.

 

[16] Mirqat, Sharhu Mishkat, vol 3, p. 1226

(وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: قَالَ ” «كَسْرُ عَظْمِ الْمَيِّتِ كَكَسْرِهِ حَيًّا» ” يَعْنِي فِي الْإِثْمِ كَمَا فِي رِوَايَةٍ. قَالَ الطِّيبِيُّ: إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يُهَانُ مَيِّتًا، كَمَا لَا يُهَانُ حَيًّا. قَالَ ابْنُ الْمَلَكِ: وَإِلَى أَنَّ الْمَيِّتَ يَتَأَلَّمُ. قَالَ ابْنُ حَجَرٍ: وَمِنْ لَازَمِهِ أَنَّهُ يَسْتَلِذُّ بِمَا يَسْتَلِذُّ بِهِ الْحَيُّ اهـ. وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: أَذَى الْمُؤْمِنِ فِي مَوْتِهِ كَأَذَاهُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ. (رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ) قَالَ مِيرَكُ: وَسَكَتَ عَلَيْهِ. (وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ) قَالَ مِيرَكُ: وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ فِي صَحِيحِهِ اهـ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْقَطَّانِ: سَنَدُهُ حَسَنٌ.

 

[17] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb alJanāiz, vol 2 p. 196

(قَوْلُهُ: وَإِلَّا فَمَاءٌ خَالِصٌ مُغْلًى) أَيْ إغْلَاءً وَسَطًا لِأَنَّ الْمَيِّتَ يَتَأَذَّى بِمَا يَتَأَذَّى بِهِ الْحَيُّ ط وَأَفَادَ كَلَامُهُ أَنَّ الْحَارَّ أَفْضَلُ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ وَسَخٌ أَوْ لَا نَهْرٌ

 

Purchasing an Umrah Ticket as a Mahr

Purchasing an Umrah Ticket as a Mahr

17th March 2021

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: I would like to ask that is it permissible for a female to ask for her mahr that she be taken to umrah by her spouse, as a form of mahr rather than her receiving mahr in the form of money?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer: In reference to your query, it is essential [1] that the mahr be given in a tangible form[2]. Mahr cannot be given in the form of a journey like merely covering travel expenses. It is advisable for her to save the money herself towards the umrah trip with her husband instead. However, if the husband uses the mahr money to purchase an Umrah ticket and then gives the ticket physically into her hands and she accepts it knowing that this is given with the intention of mahr then the obligation of mahr will be fulfilled.

 

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

 

Written by:  Mufti Anas Mullah        Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam  

JKN Fatawa Department

 

 

[1]   Fatawa Hindiyya, kitabun Nikaah, Bab al mahr.vol 1 p303.

المهر إنما يصح بكل ما هو مال متقوم والمنافع تصلح مهرا غير أن الزوج إذا كان حرا وقد تزوجها على خدمته إياها؛ جاز النكاح ويقضي لها بمهر المثل عند أبي حنيفة وأبي يوسف رحمهما الله تعالى هكذا في الظهيري

 

[2] Shaami, I., Raddul Muhtar Alad Durril Mukhtaar. vol 3 p102.

 (قوله ولو دينا) أي في ذمتها أو في ذمة غيرها أما الأول فظاهر، وأما الثاني فكما لو تزوجها على عشرة له على زيد فإنه يصح وتأخذها من أيهما شاءت فإن اتبعت المديون أجبر الزوج على أن يوكلها بالقبض منه كما في النهر: أي لئلا يلزم تمليك الدين من غير من عليه الدين. اهـ. ح لكن إذا أضيف النكاح إلى دراهم في ذمتها تعلق بالعين لا بالمثل بخلاف ما إذا كان في ذمة غيرها فإنه يتعلق بالمثل لئلا يكون تمليك الدين من غير من عليه الدين وبيان ذلك في الذخيرة (قوله أو عرضا) وكذا لو منفعة كسكنى داره، وركوب دابته وزراعة أرضه حيث علمت المدة كما في الهندية

 

Nujaym, I., Al bahr al Raaiq. vol 3 p152.

قوله وأقله عشرة دراهم) أي أقل المهر شرعا للحديث «لا مهر أقل من عشرة دراهم» وهو وإن كان ضعيفا فقد تعددت طرقه والمنقول في الأصول أن الضعيف إذا تعددت طرقه فإنه يصير حسنا إذا كان ضعفه بغير الفسق ولأنه حق الشرع وجوبا إظهارا لشرف المحل فيقدر بما له خطر وهو العشرة استدلالا بنصاب السرقة أطلق الدراهم فشمل المصكوك وغيره فلو سمى عشرة تبرا أو عرضا قيمته عشرة تبرا لا مضروبة صح، وإنما تشترط المصكوكة في نصاب السرقة للقطع تقليلا لوجود الحد وشمل الدين والعين فلو تزوجها على عشرة دين له على فلان صحت التسمية؛ لأن الدين مال فإن شاءت أخذته من الزوج وإن شاءت ممن عليه الدين كذا في المحيط زاد في الخانية ويؤاخذ الزوج حتى يوكلها بقبض الدين من المديون اهـ.

فقد جعلوا الدين مالا هنا وأدخلوه تحت قوله تعالى {أن تبتغوا بأموالكم} [النساء: ٢٤

 

 

Divorce During Pregnancy

22nd February 2021

 

Question: My husband and I have been married since 2015 and have faced many problems between us which led to me leaving him when I was pregnant with my 2nd child with him in 2017 and have just lived separately since. He has uttered talaq once when I was pregnant in 2017. Once a while ago when I was on my menses and he used the word talaq 4 times just a week ago now. He says he has said it in anger and he regrets it.  Are the divorces valid?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your case, if what you have said is true to its very nature then all divorces have taken into effect even if he issued them in anger. Regardless if he divorced you during pregnancy or menstruation, the divorce is valid though sinful.  You mentioned that he issued a divorce whilst you were pregnant and during your menses. If he issued a single divorce on each of these two occasions then the husband usually has the right to withdraw from them until it reaches to a third divorce. The effectiveness of the divorces following a single divorce depends on whether he took them back or not. So, if he divorced you once during pregnancy and then took it back then the other divorces, he gave you during your menses and after that take into effect. If, however he didn’t withdraw from his divorce until you gave birth then the marriage officially dissolves and the divorces issued thereafter are not counted because by then, you both were no longer considered his wife. But assuming that he did withdraw from the first divorce (during pregnancy) before child birth then this means only two divorces remain and the divorce he issued during your menses was now your second divorce. Again, assuming that he took you back thereafter within three menses, then from the four divorces he issued only one of them constitutes to the third and the remaining three are invalid because now you have received the maximum three including the previous two divorces. According to the Islamic principles, a non-pregnant woman must observe a waiting period of three menses at her husband’s accommodation during which she is still entitle to basic financial maintenance. After completing her waiting period, the marriage officially dissolves and is free to marry elsewhere.

 

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

 

Written and researched by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

Divorce in the State of Anger

Divorce in the State of Anger

17th February 2021

 

Question: What is the ruling on a man divorcing his wife in the state of anger. Does it occur or not?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

It is seldom the case for a man to divorce his wife without anger as normally, a divorce is pronounced during an intense altercation between a couple due to an underlying existing problem. Any couple experiencing marital problems must initially seek reconciliation through a third-party intervention; be it a family member, professional Muslim marriage counsellor or a local experienced scholar. Divorce should be left as a last resort after exhausting all avenues of reconciliation and should divorce be the final solution, then to pronounce it just once to end the marriage.[1] Divorce is very delicate and should never be trivialized as it can take place without even intending to do so. In other words, if a husband utters the word ‘talaq’ or ‘divorce’ addressing his wife, it instantly takes into effect regardless if he was serious about it or not.[2]  The Messenger of Allāh said, “Three matters whose seriousness are taken seriously and their joke are (also taken) seriously; nikah, talaq and ruju’.[3]  Many quote the below Hadīth wrongfully assuming that divorce in the state of anger does not take into effect. Sayyidah Aisha radhiyallahu anha reports that the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam said, “There is no divorce and no emancipation during ghilaq.” Imām Abu Dāwood rahimahullah states that I assume ghilaq to mean anger.[4] According to Imām Abu Dāwood rahimahullah, the Hadīth negates the occurrence of divorce in the state of anger. Many scholars however have rejected this position arguing that ghilaq in this context instead refers to compulsion and force otherwise, no divorce will ever take place because divorce only happens during anger.[5]

It is not uncommon that the husband who is triggered into an angry mode during an argument and ends up swearing or even in some instances becomes physically violent against his wife to thereafter regret over his actions and impulsive behavior. He still remains responsible for his own actions and unless his mental faculty is affected to the degree that his actions have been corrupted and completely lost his senses of right from wrong, the ruling of takleef (legal responsibility) is not uplifted from him. But reaching to such state of insanity during anger is extremely rare. It is agreed upon that if an angry person renounces his religion by uttering clear kufr statements, kills someone or steals someone else’s property, then he is still legally liable for his own actions and not pardoned. Similarly, an angry husband pronouncing divorce to his wife makes him responsible for his actions because unlike an insane person, he maintains some form of control over himself.[6]

Not surprisingly though, many commonly assert that he had mental issues at the time and so didn’t mean to divorce her in anger and nor could he remember what he said.  Again, this is seldom the true nature of the reality but supposedly if this was the case then this requires further exploration.  It is important to note that due to the delicacy of the matter, each case must be treated independently by its own merit. It is therefore strongly recommended to consult an experienced qualified Mufti on such matters.

Anger could be of one of three possible stages. Ibn Abideen Shami rahimahullah citing Ibn Qayyim al-Jawzi’s rahimahullah lists them as follows;[7]

  1. The first stage is the ordinary state of anger whereby the husband’s mental states is still intact, knows what he is saying and intended the divorce.
  2. Or his mental state was such that he could not genuinely recall nor comprehend his previous words or actions nor intended to divorce due to insanity.
  3. Or was in an intermediary state between these two whereby he is not mentally stable in one sense but retains some level of sanity.

In the first state all of the scholars agree to the effectiveness of the divorce. In the second state, all of the scholars agree that divorce does not take place. This stage is the junun state – insanity – which the jurists such as Ibn Abideen Shami rahimahullah and others describe it to be the impairment of the mental state whereby the faculty of being able to distinguish between right from wrong is inhibited and no control of actions. This can happen either due to a particular accident affecting the brain or the over powering of a Jinn that takes them out of their state of moderation.[8] During this stage, the victim due to his mental impairment loses comprehension over his past actions and statements because of their abnormal behavior. It is this state where the ruling of takleef is uplifted and hence, no divorce takes into effect. This is based on a prophet narration wherein the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wasallam said, “The pen has been uplifted from three people; a sleeping person until he wakes up, a child until he reaches puberty and an insane person until he recovers.”[9]

Another term used in conjunction with junun is the state of madhosh in which the sanity of fear and shame is depreciated significantly that a person loses complete consciousness of what they are doing. It can also include that individual with overwhelming anxiety who genuinely struggles with self-control over their actions and statements.[10] Even in this state, divorce is not effective.

The third category above is however vague leading to scholars differing whether divorce takes into effect or not in this instance. For divorce to be effective or not at this stage would depend on the individual’s mental state at the time.  One state that jurists do discuss that is arguably intermediate between junun and a non-junun person is a ma’tooh – a person with a disrupted mind who understands very little and muddles his speech and at times raves without realizing what he is saying. He is not completely like a majnun who can spin out of control by inflicting harm upon himself (or completely forgets his actions) but at the same time he is not considered normal either amongst people. He has been equated to a minor child in ruling as this is a (minor) form of insanity that legally absolves him from all responsibilities which means that his divorce is not effective.[11] This is evident from a prophetic narration reported from Sayyidunā Abu Hurairah radhiyallahu anhu that the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam said, “All types of divorces are valid (effective) except for a ma’tooh and whose sanity has been clouded.”[12]

A ma’tooh person albeit is not fully insane behaves immaturely who not necessarily forgets what he says but lacks comprehension over his actions. Like with a junun and madhosh, he is abnormal except to a lesser degree. Such a state must be established through strong evidence either through medical experts or genuine testimony of people around him. It is necessary to point out that not remembering anything is not a binding condition for divorce not to be effective. Ibn Abideen Shami rahimahullah comments that customarily, a mentally unstable person whether madhosh or otherwise who raves and muddles his words with both seriousness and jokes can at times recall past actions but not know why they are doing it. It is the disruption of their mental state that is mainly taken into account. He states’

“It is therefore necessary to underscore the ruling of a madhosh or otherwise with the overpowering of impairment (mentally) affecting their statements and action that takes them out of normality in their conduct and likewise anyone whose sanity is impaired due to old age, illness or a calamity that has struct him. Therefore, so long as during the overwhelming impairment (of their mental state affecting their) actions and statements, their statements are not considered even though they know what they are saying and intend it because their recognition of anything is not counted due to them not having the ability to grasp (what they are saying).”[13]

It is clear that not being able to recollect the past is not essential for divorce not to occur when their sanity has been corrupted.[14] This is not the same as forgetfulness as forgetting is a human trait. The difference between the two is that an insane person lacks mental capacity to think and comprehend due to a mental illness that has struck him whereas an angry person during the heated moment may forget, such as by overthinking.[15]

 

To summarize and conclude the above, an angry person divorcing his wife claiming to be mentally unstable at the time must be diagnosed with one of the following conditions for divorce not to take into effect;

  1. Either he was in a majnun state whereby the faculty of differentiating between right from wrong is inhibited and cannot recollect his previous actions. This maybe due to a calamity that has afflicted him affecting his state either permanently or during that specific moment.
  2. Or he was in the state of madhosh which is a type of junun except that the faculty of recognizing fear and shame is depreciated and not able to fully comprehend what they are saying or doing.
  3. Or in a ma’tooh state who raves by muddling words without the ability to comprehend in what he is saying. In both the second and third category, they may at times recall their previous actions or words but lack the capacity of self-control and clear sense of meaning in what they do.

The common underpinning principle is that their mental state has significantly deteriorated to the degree that it negatively impacts their actions and statements. A common sign is their abnormal behaviour towards others and raving by saying unusual things that a normal person would not generally say. This must be established with evidence either by an expert such as a medical psychiatric report or by the testimony of his associates who can genuinely testify to his abnormal condition.  So, any man who divorces his wife in the state of anger takes into immediate effect under normal circumstances regardless if he forgets or not. If he has been diagnosed with some of the above-mentioned symptoms of mental instability then divorce does not take into effect.

 

 

 [Allãh Knows Best]

 

 

Written and researched by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

 

[1] It must be noted that three divorces are not necessary for the marriage to end. It is strongly discouraged to give three simultaneously otherwise reconciliation thereafter is not possible.

 

[2] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb Talāq vol 3, p. 241 – shamila

(أَوْ مُخْطِئًا) بِأَنْ أَرَادَ التَّكَلُّمَ بِغَيْرِ الطَّلَاقِ فَجَرَى عَلَى لِسَانِهِ الطَّلَاقُ أَوْ تَلَفَّظَ بِهِ غَيْرَ عَالِمٍ بِمَعْنَاهُ

(قَوْلُهُ بِأَنْ أَرَادَ التَّكَلُّمَ بِغَيْرِ الطَّلَاقِ) بِأَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقُولَ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ فَجَرَى عَلَى لِسَانِهِ أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ تَطْلُقُ لِأَنَّهُ صَرِيحٌ لَا يَحْتَاجُ إلَى النِّيَّةِ، لَكِنْ فِي الْقَضَاءِ كَطَلَاقِ الْهَازِلِ وَاللَّاعِبِ ط عَنْ الْمِنَحِ، وَقَوْلُهُ كَطَلَاقِ الْهَازِلِ وَاللَّاعِبِ مُخَالِفٌ لِمَا قَدَّمْنَاهُ وَلِمَا يَأْتِي قَرِيبًا.

وَفِي الْفَتْحِ الْقَدِيرِ عَنْ الْحَاوِي مَعْزِيًّا إلَى الْجَامِعِ الْأَصْغَرِ أَنَّ أَسَدًا سَأَلَ عَمَّنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقُولَ زَيْنَبُ طَالِقٌ فَجَرَى عَلَى لِسَانِهِ عَمْرَةُ عَلَى أَيِّهِمَا يَقَعُ الطَّلَاقُ؟ فَقَالَ: فِي الْقَضَاءِ تَطْلُقُ الَّتِي سَمَّى وَفِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى لَا تَطْلُقُ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهُمَا، أَمَّا الَّتِي سَمَّى فَلِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُرِدْهَا، وَأَمَّا غَيْرُهَا فَلِأَنَّهَا لَوْ طَلُقَتْ طَلُقَتْ بِمُجَرَّدِ النِّيَّةِ (قَوْلُهُ غَيْرَ عَالِمٍ بِمَعْنَاهُ) كَمَا لَوْ قَالَتْ لِزَوْجِهَا: اقْرَأْ عَلَيَّ اعْتَدِّي أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ ثَلَاثًا فَفَعَلَ طَلُقَتْ ثَلَاثًا فِي الْقَضَاءِ لَا فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إذَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ الزَّوْجُ وَلَمْ يَنْوِ بَحْرٌ عَنْ الْخُلَاصَة

 

[3] Sunnan Abu Dawood No: 2194

باب في الطلاق على الهزل

عن أبي هريرة أن رسولَ اللهِ – صلَّى الله عليه وسلم – قال: ” ثلاث جدُّهنَّ جَدٌّ وهَزْلُهُنَّ جدٌّ: النكَاحُ، والطَلاقُ، والرَّجْعَة”

 

[4] Sunnan Abu Dawood No: 2193

بَابٌ فِي الطَّلَاقِ عَلَى غَلَطٍ

عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ تَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «لَا طَلَاقَ، وَلَا عَتَاقَ فِي غِلَاقٍ»، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: ” الْغِلَاقُ: أَظُنُّهُ فِي الْغَضَبِ

 

[5] Awnul-Ma’bood vol 6, p. 187

ثُمَّ الطَّلَاقُ فِي غَيْظٍ وَاقِعٌ عِنْدَ الْجُمْهُورِ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنِ الْحَنَابِلَةِ أَنَّهُ لَا يَقَعُ وَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّهُ مُخْتَارُ الْمُصَنِّفِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى انْتَهَى قُلْتُ وَفِي بَعْضِ النُّسَخِ الْمَوْجُودَةِ عِنْدِي عَلَى غَضَبٍ بَدَلُ قَوْلِهِ عَلَى غَلَطٍ وَفِي نُسْخَةِ الْخَطَّابِيِّ عَلَى إِغْلَاقٍ (كَانَ يَسْكُنُ إِيلِيَّا) قَالَ فِي الْمَجْمَعِ هُوَ بَالْمَدِّ وَالْقَصْرِ مَدِينَةُ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ (لَا طَلَاقَ وَلَا عِتَاقَ فِي إِغْلَاقٍ) وَفِي بَعْضِ النُّسَخِ فِي غِلَاقٍ

(قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْغِلَاقُ أَظُنُّهُ فِي الْغَضَبِ) فَعِنْدَ الْمُصَنِّفِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ مَعْنَى الْإِغْلَاقِ الْغَضَبُ وَفَسَّرَهُ عُلَمَاءُ الغريب بالإكراه وهو قول بن قتيبة والخطابي وبن السَّيِّدِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ وَقِيلَ الْجُنُونُ وَاسْتَبْعَدَهُ الْمُطَرِّزِيُّ وَقِيلَ الغضب وكذا فسره أحمد ورده بن السَّيِّدِ فَقَالَ لَوْ كَانَ كَذَلِكَ لَمْ يَقَعْ عَلَى أَحَدٍ طَلَاقٌ لِأَنَّ أَحَدًا لَا يُطَلِّقُ حَتَّى يَغْضَبَ

 

[6] Zuhayli, Fiqhul Islami wa adillatihu, inhilal al-zawaj wa atharihi, vol 7 p. 352

طلاق الغضبان: يفهم مما ذكر أن طلاق الغضبان لا يقع إذا اشتد الغضب، بأن وصل إلى درجة لا يدري فيها ما يقول ويفعل ولا يقصده. أو وصل به الغضب إلى درجة يغلب عليه فيها الخلل والاضطراب في أقواله وأفعاله، وهذه حالة نادرة. فإن ظل الشخص في حالة وعي وإدراك لما يقول فيقع طلاقه، وهذا هو الغالب في كل طلاق يصدر عن الرجل؛ لأن الغضبان مكلف في حال غضبه بما يصدر منه من كفر وقتل نفس وأخذ مال بغير حق وطلاق وغيرها

 

Ibn Humām, Fathul Qadeer, Kitāb al-talaq vol 3, p. 487

لَكِنْ مَعْلُومٌ مِنْ كُلِّيَّاتِ الشَّرِيعَةِ أَنَّ التَّصَرُّفَاتِ لَا تَنْفُذُ إلَّا مِمَّنْ لَهُ أَهْلِيَّةُ التَّصَرُّفِ وَأَدَرْنَاهَا بِالْعَقْلِ وَالْبُلُوغِ خُصُوصًا مَا هُوَ دَائِرٌ بَيْنَ الضَّرَرِ وَالنَّفْعِ خُصُوصًا مَا لَا يَحِلُّ إلَّا لِانْتِفَاءِ مَصْلَحَةِ ضِدِّهِ الْقَائِمِ كَالطَّلَاقِ فَإِنَّهُ يَسْتَدْعِي تَمَامَ الْعَقْلِ لِيُحْكِمَ بِهِ التَّمْيِيزَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْأَمْرِ

 

[7] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb Talāq vol 3, p. 243

قُلْت: وَلِلْحَافِظِ ابْنِ الْقَيِّمِ الْحَنْبَلِيِّ رِسَالَةٌ فِي طَلَاقِ الْغَضْبَانِ قَالَ فِيهَا: إنَّهُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَقْسَامٍ:

أَحَدُهَا أَنْ يَحْصُلَ لَهُ مَبَادِئُ الْغَضَبِ بِحَيْثُ لَا يَتَغَيَّرُ عَقْلُهُ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا يَقُولُ وَيَقْصِدُهُ، وَهَذَا لَا إشْكَالَ فِيهِ.

وَالثَّانِي أَنْ يَبْلُغَ النِّهَايَةَ فَلَا يَعْلَمُ مَا يَقُولُ وَلَا يُرِيدُهُ، فَهَذَا لَا رَيْبَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَنْفُذُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ أَقْوَالِهِ.

الثَّالِثُ مَنْ تَوَسَّطَ بَيْنَ الْمَرْتَبَتَيْنِ بِحَيْثُ لَمْ يَصِرْ كَالْمَجْنُونِ فَهَذَا مَحَلُّ النَّظَرِ، وَالْأَدِلَّةُ عَلَى عَدَمِ نُفُوذِ أَقْوَالِهِ. اهـ. مُلَخَّصًا مِنْ شَرْحِ الْغَايَةِ الْحَنْبَلِيَّةِ، لَكِنْ أَشَارَ فِي الْغَايَةِ إلَى مُخَالَفَتِهِ فِي الثَّالِثِ حَيْثُ قَالَ: وَيَقَعُ الطَّلَاقُ مِنْ غَضَبٍ خِلَافًا لِابْنِ الْقَيِّمِ اهـ

 

[8] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb Talāq vol 3, p. 241

(لَا يَقَعُ طَلَاقُ الْمَوْلَى عَلَى امْرَأَةِ عَبْدِهِ)۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ (وَالْمَجْنُونُ) إلَّا إذَا عَلَّقَ عَاقِلًا ثُمَّ جُنَّ فَوُجِدَ الشَّرْطُ

(قَوْلُهُ وَالْمَجْنُونُ) قَالَ فِي التَّلْوِيحِ: الْجُنُونُ اخْتِلَالُ الْقُوَّةِ الْمُمَيِّزَةِ بَيْنَ الْأُمُورِ الْحَسَنَةِ وَالْقَبِيحَةِ الْمُدْرِكَةِ لِلْعَوَاقِبِ، بِأَنْ لَا تَظْهَرَ آثَارُهُ وَتَتَعَطَّلُ أَفْعَالُهَا، إمَّا لِنُقْصَانِ جَبَلٍ عَلَيْهِ دِمَاغُهُ فِي أَصْلِ الْخِلْقَةِ، وَإِمَّا لِخُرُوجِ مِزَاجِ الدِّمَاغِ عَنْ الِاعْتِدَالِ بِسَبَبِ خَلْطٍ أَوْ آفَةٍ، وَإِمَّا لِاسْتِيلَاءِ الشَّيْطَانِ عَلَيْهِ وَإِلْقَاءِ الْخَيَالَاتِ الْفَاسِدَةِ إلَيْهِ بِحَيْثُ يَفْرَحُ وَيَفْزَعُ مِنْ غَيْرِ مَا يَصْلُحُ سَبَبًا. اهـ. وَفِي الْبَحْرِ عَنْ الْخَانِيَّةِ: رَجُلٌ عَرَفَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَجْنُونًا فَقَالَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ: طَلَّقْتَنِي الْبَارِحَةَ فَقَالَ: أَصَابَنِي الْجُنُونُ وَلَا يَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ إلَّا بِقَوْلِهِ كَانَ الْقَوْلُ قَوْلَهُ. اهـ.

 

[9] Ma’rifatus Sunnan, No: 8881

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «رُفَعَ الْقَلَمُ، عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ، النَّائِمِ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِظَ، وَالصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ، وَالْمَجْنُونِ حَتَّى يُفِيقَ»،

[10] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb Talāq vol 3, p. 244

(وَالْمُدْهَشُ) فَتْحٌ. وَفِي الْقَامُوسِ: دَهَشَ الرَّجُلُ تَحَيَّرَ وَدُهِشَ بِالْبِنَاءِ لِلْمَفْعُولِ فَهُوَ مَدْهُوشٌ وَأَدْهَشَهُ اللَّهُ

(قَوْلُهُ وَفِي الْقَامُوسِ دَهِشَ) أَيْ بِالْكَسْرِ كَفَرِحَ. ثُمَّ إنَّ اقْتِصَارَهُ عَلَى ذِكْرِ التَّحَيُّرِ غَيْرُ صَحِيحٍ، فَإِنَّهُ فِي الْقَامُوسِ قَالَ بَعْدَهُ أَوْ: ذَهَبَ عَقْلُهُ حَيَاءً أَوْ خَوْفًا اهـ وَهَذَا هُوَ الْمُرَادُ هُنَا، وَلِذَا جَعَلَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ دَاخِلًا فِي الْمَجْنُونِ.

مَطْلَبٌ فِي طَلَاقِ الْمَدْهُوشِ وَقَالَ فِي الْخَيْرِيَّةِ: غَلِطَ مَنْ فَسَّرَهُ هُنَا بِالتَّحَيُّرِ، إذْ لَا يَلْزَمُ مِنْ التَّحَيُّرِ وَهُوَ التَّرَدُّدُ فِي الْأَمْرِ ذَهَابُ الْعَقْلِ. وَسُئِلَ نَظْمًا فِيمَنْ طَلَّقَ زَوْجَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا فِي مَجْلِسِ الْقَاضِي وَهُوَ مُغْتَاظٌ مَدْهُوشٌ، أَجَابَ نَظْمًا أَيْضًا بِأَنَّ الدَّهْشَ مِنْ أَقْسَامِ الْجُنُونِ فَلَا يَقَعُ، وَإِذَا كَانَ يَعْتَادُهُ بِأَنْ عُرِفَ مِنْهُ الدَّهَشُ مَرَّةً يُصَدَّقُ بِلَا بُرْهَانٍ

 

Zuhayli, Fiqhul Islami wa adillatihu, inhilal al-zawaj wa atharihi, vol 7 p. 352

طلاق المجنون والمدهوش: ولا يصح طلاق المجنون، ومثله المغمى عليه، والمدهوش: وهو الذي اعترته حال انفعال لا يدري فيها ما يقول أو يفعل، أو يصل به الانفعال إلى درجة يغلب معها الخلل في أقواله وأفعاله، بسبب فرط الخوف أو الحزن أو الغضب، لقوله صلّى الله عليه وسلم: «لا طلاق في إغلاق» (1) والإغلاق: كل ما يسد باب الإدراك والقصد والوعي، لجنون أو شدة غضب أو شدة حزن ونحوها.

 

[11] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb Talāq vol 3, p. 243

(وَالْمَعْتُوهُ) مِنْ الْعَتَهِ، وَهُوَ اخْتِلَالٌ فِي الْعَقْلِ

(قَوْلُهُ مِنْ الْعَتَهِ) بِالتَّحْرِيكِ مِنْ بَابِ تَعِبَ مِصْبَاحٌ (قَوْلُهُ وَهُوَ اخْتِلَالٌ فِي الْعَقْلِ) هَذَا ذَكَرَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ تَعْرِيفًا لِلْجُنُونِ وَقَالَ وَيَدْخُلُ فِيهِ الْمَعْتُوهُ. وَأَحْسَنُ الْأَقْوَالِ فِي الْفَرْقِ بَيْنَهُمَا أَنَّ الْمَعْتُوهَ هُوَ الْقَلِيلُ الْفَهْمِ الْمُخْتَلِطُ الْكَلَامِ الْفَاسِدِ التَّدْبِيرِ، لَكِنْ لَا يَضْرِبُ وَلَا يَشْتُمُ بِخِلَافِ الْمَجْنُونِ اهـ وَصَرَّحَ الْأُصُولِيُّونَ بِأَنَّ حُكْمَهُ كَالصَّبِيِّ إلَّا أَنَّ الدَّبُوسِيَّ قَالَ تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الْعِبَادَاتُ احْتِيَاطًا. وَرَدَّهُ صَدْرُ الْإِسْلَامِ بِأَنَّ الْعَتَهَ نَوْعُ جُنُونٍ فَيَمْنَعُ وُجُوبَ أَدَاءِ الْحُقُوقِ جَمِيعًا كَمَا بَسَطَهُ فِي شَرْحِ التَّحْرِيرِ

 

Ibn Nujaym, Bahr Rāiq, Kitāb al-Talaq, vol 3 p. 268

وَأَرَادَ بِالْمَجْنُونِ مَنْ فِي عَقْلِهِ اخْتِلَالٌ فَيَدْخُلُ الْمَعْتُوهُ وَأَحْسَنُ الْأَقْوَالِ فِي الْفَرْقِ بَيْنَهُمَا أَنَّ الْمَعْتُوهَ هُوَ الْقَلِيلُ الْفَهْمِ الْمُخْتَلِطُ الْكَلَامِ الْفَاسِدُ التَّدْبِيرِ لَكِنْ لَا يَضْرِبُ وَلَا يَشْتُمُ بِخِلَافِ الْمَجْنُونِ وَيَدْخُلُ الْمُبَرْسَمُ، وَالْمُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ، وَالْمَدْهُوشُ، وَفِي الصِّحَاحِ الْبَرْسَامُ دَاءٌ مَعْرُوفٌ، وَفِي بَعْضِ كُتُبِ الطِّبِّ أَنَّهُ وَرَمٌ حَارٌّ يَعْرِضُ لِلْحِجَابِ الَّذِي بَيْنَ الْكَبِدِ، وَالْمَعَاثِمِ يَتَّصِلُ بِالدِّمَاغِ وَهُوَ مُعَرَّبٌ وَبُرْسِمَ الرَّجُلُ بِالْبِنَاءِ لِلْمَفْعُولِ يُقَالُ بَرْسَامٌ وَبِلْسَامٌ وَهُوَ مُبَرْسَمٌ وَمُبَلْسَمٌ

 

[12] Sunnan Tirmidhi No: 1191

بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي طَلَاقِ المَعْتُوهِ

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «كُلُّ طَلَاقٍ جَائِزٌ، إِلَّا طَلَاقَ المَعْتُوهِ المَغْلُوبِ عَلَى عَقْلِهِ»

 

[13] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb Talāq vol 3, p. 244 – shamila

هَذَا الْمُوَافِقُ عِنْدَنَا لِمَا مَرَّ فِي الْمَدْهُوشِ، لَكِنْ يَرِدُ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّا لَمْ نَعْتَبِرْ أَقْوَالَ الْمَعْتُوهِ مَعَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَلْزَمُ فِيهِ أَنْ يَصِلَ إلَى حَالَةٍ لَا يَعْلَمُ فِيهَا مَا يَقُولُ وَلَا يُرِيدُهُ وَقَدْ يُجَابُ بِأَنَّ الْمَعْتُوهَ لَمَّا كَانَ مُسْتَمِرًّا عَلَى حَالَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ يُمْكِنُ ضَبْطُهَا اُعْتُبِرَتْ فِيهِ وَاكْتُفِيَ فِيهِ بِمُجَرَّدِ نَقْصِ الْعَقْلِ، بِخِلَافِ الْغَضَبِ فَإِنَّهُ عَارِضٌ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَحْوَالِ، لَكِنْ يَرِدُ عَلَيْهِ الدَّهَشُ فَإِنَّهُ كَذَلِكَ. وَاَلَّذِي يَظْهَرُ لِي أَنَّ كُلًّا مِنْ الْمَدْهُوشِ وَالْغَضْبَانِ لَا يَلْزَمُ فِيهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ بِحَيْثُ لَا يَعْلَمُ مَا يَقُولُ بَلْ يُكْتَفَى فِيهِ بِغَلَبَةِ الْهَذَيَانِ وَاخْتِلَاطِ الْجَدِّ بِالْهَزْلِ كَمَا هُوَ الْمُفْتَى بِهِ فِي السَّكْرَانِ عَلَى مَا مَرَّ، وَلَا يُنَافِيهِ تَعْرِيفُ الدَّهَشِ بِذَهَابِ الْعَقْلِ فَإِنَّ الْجُنُونَ فُنُونٌ، وَلِذَا فَسَّرَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ بِاخْتِلَالِ الْعَقْلِ وَأَدْخَلَ فِيهِ الْعَتَهَ وَالْبِرْسَامَ وَالْإِغْمَاءَ وَالدَّهَشَ. وَيُؤَيِّدُهُ مَا قُلْنَا قَوْلُ بَعْضِهِمْ: الْعَاقِلُ مَنْ يَسْتَقِيمُ كَلَامُهُ وَأَفْعَالُهُ إلَّا نَادِرًا، وَالْمَجْنُونُ ضِدُّهُ. وَأَيْضًا فَإِنَّ بَعْضَ الْمَجَانِينِ يَعْرِفُ مَا يَقُولُ وَيُرِيدُهُ وَيَذْكُرُ مَا يَشْهَدُ الْجَاهِلُ بِهِ بِأَنَّهُ عَاقِلٌ ثُمَّ يَظْهَرُ مِنْهُ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ مَا يُنَافِيهِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ الْمَجْنُونُ حَقِيقَةً قَدْ يَعْرِفُ مَا يَقُولُ وَيَقْصِدُهُ فَغَيْرُهُ بِالْأَوْلَى، فَاَلَّذِي يَنْبَغِي التَّعْوِيلُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْمَدْهُوشِ وَنَحْوِهِ إنَاطَةُ الْحُكْمِ بِغَلَبَةِ الْخَلَلِ فِي أَقْوَالِهِ وَأَفْعَالِهِ الْخَارِجَةِ عَنْ عَادَتِهِ، وَكَذَا يُقَالُ فِيمَنْ اخْتَلَّ عَقْلُهُ لِكِبَرٍ أَوْ لِمَرَضٍ أَوْ لِمُصِيبَةٍ فَاجَأَتْهُ: فَمَا دَامَ فِي حَالِ غَلَبَةِ الْخَلَلِ فِي الْأَقْوَالِ وَالْأَفْعَالِ لَا تُعْتَبَرُ أَقْوَالُهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ يَعْلَمُهَا وَيُرِيدُهَا لِأَنَّ هَذِهِ الْمَعْرِفَةَ وَالْإِرَادَةَ غَيْرُ مُعْتَبَرَةٍ لِعَدَمِ حُصُولِهَا عَنْ الْإِدْرَاكِ صَحِيحٌ كَمَا لَا تُعْتَبَرُ مِنْ الصَّبِيِّ الْعَاقِلِ،

 

[14] See Maulana Khalid Saifullah Rahmani, Kitab Fatawa vol 5, p. 35 & 45

 

[15] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb Talāq vol 3, p. 369

قُلْت: وَمُقْتَضَى هَذَا الْفَرْعِ أَنَّ مَنْ وَصَلَ فِي الْغَضَبِ إلَى حَالَةٍ لَا يَدْرِي فِيهَا مَا يَقُولُ يَقَعُ طَلَاقُهُ وَإِلَّا لَمْ يَحْتَجْ إلَى اعْتِمَادِ قَوْلِ الشَّاهِدَيْنِ أَنَّهُ اسْتَثْنَى مَعَ أَنَّهُ مَرَّ أَوَّلَ الطَّلَاقِ أَنَّهُ لَا يَقَعُ طَلَاقُ الْمَدْهُوشِ.

وَأَفْتَى بِهِ الْخَيْرُ الرَّمْلِيُّ فِيمَنْ طَلَّقَ وَهُوَ مُغْتَاظٌ مَدْهُوشٌ لِأَنَّ الدَّهَشَ مِنْ أَقْسَامِ الْجُنُونِ. وَلَا يَخْفَى أَنَّ مَنْ وَصَلَ إلَى حَالَةٍ لَا يَدْرِي فِيهَا مَا يَقُولُ كَانَ فِي حُكْمِ الْمَجْنُونِ، وَقَدَّمْنَا الْجَوَابَ هُنَاكَ بِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ بِمَا هُنَا أَنَّهُ وَصَلَ إلَى حَالَةٍ لَا يَدْرِي مَا يَقُولُ بِأَنْ لَا يَقْصِدَهُ وَلَا يَفْهَمَ مَعْنَاهُ بِحَيْثُ يَكُونُ كَالنَّائِمِ وَالسَّكْرَانِ، بَلْ الْمُرَادُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ يَنْسَى مَا يَقُولُ لِاشْتِغَالِ فِكْرِهِ بِاسْتِيلَاءِ الْغَضَبِ، وَاَللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ

مُقْتَضَاهُ أَنَّهُ إذَا كَانَ لَا يَدْرِي مَا يَقُولُ يَقَعُ طَلَاقُهُ وَإِلَّا فَلَا حَاجَةَ إلَى الْأَخْذِ بِقَوْلِهِمَا إنَّك اسْتَثْنَيْت، وَهَذَا مُشْكِلٌ جِدًّا، وَإِلَّا أَنْ يُجَابَ بِأَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِكَوْنِهِ لَا يَدْرِي مَا يَقُولُ أَنَّهُ لِقُوَّةِ غَضَبِهِ قَدْ يَنْسَى مَا يَقُولُ وَلَا يَتَذَكَّرُهُ بَعْدُ، وَلَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ أَنَّهُ صَارَ يَجْرِي عَلَى لِسَانِهِ مَا لَا يَفْهَمُهُ أَوْ لَا يَقْصِدُهُ إذْ لَا شَكَّ أَنَّهُ حِينَئِذٍ يَكُونُ فِي أَعْلَى مَرَاتِبِ الْجُنُونِ، وَيُؤَيِّدُهُ هَذَا الْحَمْلُ أَنَّهُ فِي هَذَا الْفَرْعِ عَالِمٌ بِأَنَّهُ طَلَّقَ وَهُوَ قَاصِدٌ لَهُ، لَكِنَّهُ لَمْ يَتَذَكَّرْ الِاسْتِثْنَاءَ لِشِدَّةِ غَضَبِهِ، هَذَا مَا ظَهَرَ لِي فِي تَحْرِيرِ هَذَا الْمَقَامِ، وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِحَقِيقَةِ الْمَرَامِ ثُمَّ رَأَيْت مَا يُؤَيِّدُ ذَلِكَ الْجَوَابَ، وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْوَلْوَالِجيَّةِ: إنْ كَانَ بِحَالٍ لَوْ غَضِبَ يَجْرِي عَلَى لِسَانِهِ مَا لَا يَحْفَظُهُ بَعْدَهُ جَازَ لَهُ الِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَى قَوْلِ الشَّاهِدَيْنِ، فَقَوْلُهُ لَا يَحْفَظُهُ بَعْدَهُ صَرِيحٌ فِيمَا قُلْنَا وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

 

 

 

Washing Impure Clothes in a Washing Machine

4th February 2021

 

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Does automatic washing machine purify clothes and can we mix pure and impure clothes? If not then how we can wash najas from the clothes? Can we add detergent in machine?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer: In reference to your query, a washing machine uses both water and detergent to wash dirt out of clothes. Clothes are usually filled into the main compartment with detergent and washing powder in their respective trays. Once set, the water valves are opened to allow the water and powder/detergent to mix within the clothes. The detergent pulls away the dirt from the clothes and is then drained out. Fresh water is then poured into the machine again and spun at fast speeds and drained out multiple times to wash out the detergent from the clothes.[1]

Ideally it is best to wash impure clothes before mixing them with pure, soiled clothes before mixing in a washing machine but, if this is not done then due to the way the machine operates in that water and other detergents are used, the clothes will all be regarded as pure because the impurity is removed by the end of the wash cycle and water is exchanged within the wash cycle multiple times. Thus, mixing pure with impure clothes would not be an issue at all. [2]

 

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

 

Written by:  Mufti Anas Mullah        Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

 

[1]  Woodford, C., 2020. [online] Available at: <https://www.explainthatstuff.com/washingmachine.html> [Accessed 20 January 2021].

[2] Ibn Abideen Shaami, Raddul Muhtar Alad Durril Mukhtaar. Kitab Taharah, Bab al-Anjas, vol 1 p309.

وبكل مائع طاهر قالع) للنجاسة ينعصر بالعصر (كخل وماء ورد) حتى الريق

 

قوله: بماء) يستثنى منه الماء المشكوك على أحد القولين كما مر في الأسآر. (قوله: به يفتى) أي: خلافا لمحمد؛ لأنه لا يجيز إزالة النجاسة الحقيقية إلا بالماء المطلق بحر، لكن فيه أنهم ذكروا أن الطهارة بانقلاب العين قول محمد تأمل. (قوله: وبكل مائع) أي: سائل، فخرج الجامد كالثلج قبل ذوبه أفاده ط. [تنبيه]

Ibnul Humam, K., Fathul Qadeer. Kitab Taharah, Bab al-Anjas, vol 1 p192.

)ويجوز تطهيرها بالماء وبكل مانع طاهر يمكن إزالتها به كالخل وماء الورد ونحوه مما إذا عصر انعصر) 

 

Kasani, A., Badaai’us Sanaa’i. Kitab Taharah, Bab al-Anjas, vol 1 p88

وَإِنْ كَانَتْ النَّجَاسَةُ مَرْئِيَّةً كَالدَّمِ وَنَحْوِهِ، فَطَهَارَتُهَا زَوَالُ عَيْنِهَا، وَلَا عِبْرَةَ فِيهِ بِالْعَدَدِ؛ لِأَنَّ النَّجَاسَةَ فِي الْعَيْنِ فَإِنْ زَالَتْ الْعَيْنُ زَالَتْ النَّجَاسَةُ،

 

Shaami, I., Raddul Muhtar Alad Durril Mukhtaar. Kitab Taharah, Bab al-Anjas, vol 1 p333

(قوله: في إجانة) بالكسر والتشديد: إناء تغسل فيه الثياب والجمع أجاجين مصباح أي: إن هذا المذكور إنما هو إذا غسل ثلاثا في إجانة واحدة أو في ثلاث إجانات. قال في الإمداد: والمياه الثلاثة متفاوتة في النجاسة، فالأولى يطهر ما أصابته بالغسل ثلاثا، والثانية بثنتين والثالثة بواحدة، وكذا الأواني الثلاثة التي غسل فيها واحدة بعد واحدة، وقيل يطهر الإناء الثالث بمجرد الإراقة والثاني بواحدة، والأول بثنتين اهـ.

بقي لو غسل في إجانة واحدة قال في الفيض: تغسل الإجانة بعد الثلاث مرة اهـ وشمل كلامه ما لو غسل العضو في الإجانة فإنه يطهر عندهما. وقال أبو يوسف: لا يطهر ما لم يصب عليه الماء، وعلى هذا الخلاف لو أدخله في حباب الماء ولو في خوابي خل يخرج من الثالثة طاهرا عند أبي حنيفة؛ خلافا لهما، لاشتراط محمد في غسل النجاسة الماء، واشتراط أبي يوسف الصب بدائع

 

 

 

 

Iddah of a Woman Divorced Once

                              21st January 2021

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Is there any Iddah for that women whose husband only gave one Talaq? The Talaq is of such nature that he has made his mind not to take her back.

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer;

In reference to your query if a woman was given one talaq (after consummation) with the husband maintaining his intention of not taking her back she is required to sit in her iddah.[1] This is due the waiting period being stipulated previously when a woman is given a talaq regardless if he intends on taking her back or not. She thus remains in his Nikah until her Iddah of three menses expires.[2]

The above only applies if the marriage was consummated before divorcing her. If for some reason they are unable to consummate (e.g. due to an illness) and the wife receives one divorce before that then she is not required to sit her iddah.[3]

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

 

Written by:  Apa Gul-e-Maryam         Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

 

[1] Tabyeen Haqaiq, Kitab Haidh, Vol 2, Pg 251

الله – (هي استدامة القائم في العدة) أي الرجعة إبقاء النكاح على ما كان ما دامت في العدة؛ لأن النكاح قائم لقوله تعالى {وبعولتهن أحق بردهن} [البقرة: ٢٢٨] أي لهم حق الرجعة لا أن يكون لها أو للأجنبي حق فيكون البعل أولى

 

 

[2] Inayah Sharah Hidaya, Kitab Haidh, Vol 4, Pg 158

وإذا طلق الرجل امرأته تطليقة رجعية أو تطليقتين فله أن يراجعها في عدتها رضيت بذلك أو لم ترض) لقوله تعالى {فأمسكوهن بمعروف} [البقرة: ٢٣١] من غير فصل

 

 

[3] Muheet Al Burbani,Kitab Talaq, Vol 2, Pg 244

 

وإن كان لا يمكنه الوطء مع المانع حسا كالمريض أو المريضة التي لا يقدر الوطء منهما أو الصغير أو الصغيرة التي لا يتصور الجماع منهما فلا عدة لأنهما لا يتهمان ولم يوجد التسليم الذي أوجب العدة

 

Muheet Al Burbani,Kitab Talaq, Vol 2, Pg 244

ولا تجب عدة الطلاق قبل الدخول

 

COVID Vaccine: Halāl or Not?

8th January 2021

 

Question: With the rollout of the vaccines, is it permissible for Muslims to take it in spite of the certain speculations being circulated about it like altering the DNA, containing foetal cells and so on? Appreciate the clarity on the matter. 

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

The recent government’s rollout of the vaccine has created hope for some whilst for others, it has grown scepticism. Much of the confusion surrounding the vaccine is due to miss-information that is being widely circulated amongst people. There are three types of vaccines that have been rolled out, Pfizer, Moderna and the Oxford- AstraZeneca vaccine. Two doses are given as currently twelve weeks apart in the form of a jab in the upper arm. They work by stimulating the immune system to produce its own defence against the virus.  The most vulnerable and those of high risk are given the vaccine such as people above the age of 80, living in care homes and health care workers. The vaccines are known to carry some side effects but very mild for instance, fatigue, headache, sore arms due to the jab and aches and pains.[1]

The Pfizer and Moderna vaccine are not known to contain any animal ingredients such as gelatine or animal fat.[2] It is purely vegetarian and therefore Halāl and permissible to take. It is believed that this is also the similar case with the Oxford vaccine. It is however confirmed that it contains small traces of ethanol (0.002 g of per dose of 0.5 ml), but does not cause any noticeable effect.[3] We have discussed elsewhere that ethanol is not deemed impure as mostly it is derived from other than grapes and dates and is synthetically manufactured.[4] Some have argued that the vaccines contain foetal – cell lining from the aborted foetus. If this is the case then it does not render the vaccine Harām because the cell linings are so minute that they disappear leaving no traces behind like the case with alcohol converting into vinegar, thus permissible.[5]

We are not aware of any information that the vaccine alters the DNA. Even if it was the case then this is not to a significant degree in the way that it has been overly exaggerated. The vaccine has been manufactured to boost the body’s immune system in preparing it to repel the virus. It is true that the vaccine may cause side effects as highlighted above, however it is very remote. It depends on the individual’s health condition as some may have an allergic reaction towards a specific ingredient in the vaccine. This is the similar case with any other medication. If it is proven to be effective and its benefit outweighs its harms then a small harm can be endured to prevent a greater harm.[6] Hence, it still does not render it Harām.

A final note on this issue, there’s nothing wrong in someone feeling hesitant in taking the COVID vaccine. This is the individual’s right upon whom the vaccine cannot be forced. Where the problem lies is individuals advocating an anti-vaccine campaign to create fear mongering amongst people based on unsubstantiated evidences. The balance therefore is that if it contains no Harām ingredients then it is permissible to take. If someone chooses to refrain then that is their prerogative but to actively discourage Muslims from taking it by creating fear is not the best of solutions.

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

Written and researched by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

 

[1] Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine – NHS (www.nhs.uk) (December 2020) [accessed 5th January 2020]

[2] Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine – NHS (www.nhs.uk) (December 2020) [accessed 5th January 2020]

[3]  Covid-19: What are the ingredients in the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine? – Cambridgeshire Live (cambridge-news.co.uk),  Information for UK recipients on COVID 19 Vaccine AstraZeneca – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk) [both accessed 6th January 2020]

 

[4] Mufti Abdul Waheed, (2020), Islamic Ruling on Alcohol Contained Products, available at Islamic-Rulling-on-Alcohol-Contained-Products.pdf (jknfatawa.co.uk)

 

[5] Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Tahārah, vol 1, p. 45

[الْفَصْلُ الْأَوَّلُ فِي تَطْهِيرِ الْأَنْجَاسِ]

(الْبَابُ السَّابِعُ فِي النَّجَاسَةِ وَأَحْكَامِهَا وَفِيهِ ثَلَاثَةُ فُصُولٍ)

(وَمِنْهَا) الِاسْتِحَالَةُ تَخَلَّلَ الْخَمْرُ فِي خَابِيَةٍ جَدِيدَةٍ طَهُرَتْ بِالِاتِّفَاقِ. كَذَا فِي الْقُنْيَةِ. الْخُبْزُ الَّذِي عُجِنَ بِالْخَمْرِ لَا يَطْهُرُ بِالْغَسْلِ وَلَوْ صُبَّ فِيهِ الْخَلُّ وَذَهَبَ أَثَرُهَا يَطْهُرُ. كَذَا فِي الظَّهِيرِيَّةِ.

الرَّغِيفُ إذَا أُلْقِيَ فِي الْخَمْرِ ثُمَّ صَارَ الْخَمْرُ خَلًّا فَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ طَاهِرٌ إذَا لَمْ يَبْقَ رَائِحَةُ الْخَمْرِ وَكَذَا فِي الْبَصَلِ إذَا أُلْقِيَ فِي الْخَمْرِ ثُمَّ تَخَلَّلَ؛ لِأَنَّ مَا فِيهِ مِنْ أَجْزَاءِ الْخَمْرِ صَارَ خَلًّا. هَكَذَا فِي فَتَاوَى قَاضِي خَانْ.

 

Muheet Burhani vol 1. p. 191

وقد ذكرنا أن من مذهب محمد رحمه الله أن النجس يصير طاهراً بالتغيير، يفتى فيه بقول محمد رحمه الله لمكان عموم البلوى

 

[6] Ibn Nujaym, Al-Ashabh wan Nazair, p. 74

يُتَحَمَّلُ الضَّرَرُ الْخَاصُّ؛ لِأَجْلِ دَفْعِ ضَرَرِ الْعَامِّ.

Contraceptive Pills and Menstrual Bleeding

4th January 2021

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: I have a query regarding the combined pill form of contraception women take. This form of contraception requires to take the pill for 21 days and have a break from it for 7 days. During the 7 days one will experience a bleeding like a period (but not her actual period). I understand intercourse during menstruation time is not permitted. However, it is unclear to me whether this 7 day bleeding period would also come under the time sex is not permitted? Please could I have some clarification on this.

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer:

Thank you for your question. In regards to your query, the combined pill is taken as a form of contraception is a pill that prevents the ovaries from releasing an egg each month (ovulation). It also thickens the mucus in the neck of the womb, so it is harder for sperm to penetrate the womb and reach an egg. This form of contraception is said to be 99% effective when taken correctly. The pill is taken orally on a cycle of 21 days with a 7 day break in between. Breakthrough bleeding and spotting is very common with the pill.[1]

Breakthrough bleeding and spotting is a common side effect of such birth control pills. It is especially common in the first three months of using hormonal birth control. This could be due to the changes in the levels of hormones or the inconsistency of taking the pill etc. [2] It is therefore important to note that this breakthrough bleeding that happens during the 21 days of taking the pill cannot be disregarded Islamically as it affects the overall ruling of the period bleeding.

The general rule therefore would depend on whether you had a complete pure period of minimum 15 days before your next habitual bleeding.  If you had 15 days of no bleeding and then bled for 3 days or more then this will be considered as periods Islamically. It doesn’t matter whether the bleeding occurred during the 21 days or the 7 days. Hence, if this bleeding falls during the 7 days or the 21 days, intercourse will not be allowed. However, if less than 15 days of cleanliness have passed since the last period and one starts bleeding then this bleeding will be considered as istihadha – dysfunctional bleeding, during which intercourse is allowed.[3]

For illustration purpose, say someone has started taking the 21 days pill and on the first day saw bleeding and she has a habit of 5 days, so they finish their periods on day 5. After competing  the 21 days, they again bleed even if this is just spotting, and this spotting carries on for more than 3 days then Islamically this spotting will be considered as period as there has been a gap of 15 days of cleanliness. In this time, they will not be able to have intercourse.

Just say they start a proper bleed again when they start taking the pill, if this bleeding is within 10 days of the spotting happening then all the days will be considered as period. If the proper bleeding is after 10 days of the spotting then this bleeding will not be classed as period Islamically rather it will be considered as istihadha.[4]

 

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

 

Written by:  Apa Sajeda          Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam  

JKN Fatawa Department

 

 

[1] nhs.uk. 2020. Combined Pill. [online] Available at: <https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/combined-contraceptive-pill/> [Accessed 3 January 2021].

 

[2] Santos-Longhurst, A., 2019. Breakthrough Bleeding on The Pill: Causes, Diagnosis, And Stopping It. [online] Healthline. Available at: <https://www.healthline.com/health/womens-health/breakthrough-bleeding-on-the-pill> [Accessed 4 January 2021].

[3]Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābul Taharah, Bāb Al-Haidh, vol 1 p. 298

قوله لا يمنع صوما إلخ) أي ولا قراءة ومس مصحف ودخول مسجد وكذا لا تمنع عن الطواف إذا أمنت من اللوث قهستاني عن الخزانة ط. مطلب في حكم وطء المستحاضة ومن بذكره نجاسة

(قوله وجماعا) ظاهره جوازه في حال سيلانه وإن لزم منه تلويث، وكذا هو ظاهر غيره من المتون والشروح وكذا قولهم: يجوز مباشرة الحائض فوق الإزار وإن لزم منه التلطخ بالدم، وتمامه في ط.

وأما ما في شرح المنية في الأنجاس من أن التلوث بالنجاسة مكروه فالظاهر حمله على ما إذا كان بلا عذر والوطء عذر، ألا ترى أنه يحل على القول بأن رطوبة الفرج نجسة مع أن فيه تلوثا بالنجاسة، فتخصيص الحل بوقت عدم السيلان يحتاج إلى نقل صريح ولم يوجد، بل قدمنا على شروح الهداية التصريح بأن حل الوطء بعد أكثر الحيض غير متوقف على الانقطاع فافهم.

 

Kasāni, Badā’i Sanāi, Kitāb al-Tahrah,  Fasl al-Haidh , vol 1 p. 41

أما الاستحاضة فهي ما انتقص عن أقل الحيض، وما زاد على أكثر الحيض، والنفاس، ثم المستحاضة نوعان مبتدأة، وصاحبة عادة والمبتدأة نوعان مبتدأة بالحيض، ومبتدأة بالحبل، وصاحبة العادة نوعان صاحبة العادة في الحيض، وصاحبة العادة في النفاس. أما) المبتدأة بالحيض، وهي التي ابتدئت بالدم، واستمر بها فالعشرة من أول الشهر حيض؛ لأن هذا دم في أيام الحيض، وأمكن جعله حيضا فيجعل حيضا، وما زاد على العشرة يكون استحاضة، لأنه لا مزيد للحيض على العشرة، وهكذا في كل شهر. وأما) صاحبة العادة في الحيض إذا كانت عادتها عشرة فزاد الدم عليها فالزيادة استحاضة، وإن كانت عادتها خمسة فالزيادة عليها حيض معها إلى تمام العشرة لما ذكرنا في المبتدأة بالحيض، وإن جاوز العشرة فعادتها حيض، وما زاد عليها استحاضة لقول النبي – صلى الله عليه وسلم – «المستحاضة تدع الصلاة أيام أقرائها» أي: أيام حيضها، ولأن ما رأت في أيامها حيض بيقين، وما زاد على العشرة استحاضة بيقين، وما بين ذلك متردد بين أن يلحق بما قبله فيكون حيضا، فلا تصلي، وبين أن يلحق بما بعده فيكون استحاضة فتصلي، فلا تترك الصلاة بالشك

 

[4] Fathul Qadeer, Kitāb al Taharāt, Bāb al Haydh , vol 1 pg 172

أَنَّ اسْتِيعَابَ الدَّمِ مُدَّةَ الْحَيْضِ لَيْسَ بِشَرْطٍ بِالْإِجْمَاعِ فَيُعْتَبَرُ أَوَّلُهُ وَآخِرُهُ كَالنِّصَابِ فِي بَابِ الزَّكَاةِ

وَرَوَى ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ أَنَّهُ يُعْتَبَرُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الدَّمُ فِي الْعَشْرِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ زُفَرَ. وَرَوَى أَبُو يُوسُفَ عَنْهُ وَبِهِ أَخَذَ أَنَّ الطُّهْرَ إذَا كَانَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ لَا يُفْصَلُ. وَقِيلَ هُوَ آخِرُ أَقْوَالِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَعَلَيْهِ الْفَتْوَى.……… وَاخْتَلَفَ الْمَشَايِخُ عَلَى قَوْلِهِ فِيمَا إذَا اجْتَمَعَ طُهْرَانِ مُعْتَبَرَانِ وَصَارَ أَحَدُهُمَا حَيْضًا لِاسْتِوَاءِ الدَّمِ بِطَرَفَيْهِ حَتَّى صَارَ كَالدَّمِ الْمُتَوَالِي، فَقِيلَ يَتَعَدَّى حُكْمُهُ إلَى الطَّرَفِ الْأَخِيرِ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ الْكُلُّ حَيْضًا، وَقِيلَ لَا يَتَعَدَّى. قَالَ فِي الْمُحِيطِ: هُوَ الْأَصَحُّ. مِثَالُهُ: رَأَتْ يَوْمَيْنِ دَمًا وَثَلَاثَةً طُهْرًا وَيَوْمًا دَمًا وَثَلَاثَةً طُهْرًا وَيَوْمًا دَمًا فَعَلَى الْأَوَّلِ الْكُلُّ حَيْضٌ لِأَنَّ الطُّهْرَ الْأَوَّلَ دَمٌ لِاسْتِوَائِهِ بِدَمَيْهِ فَكَأَنَّهَا رَأَتْ سِتَّةً دَمًا وَأَرْبَعَةً طُهْرًا، وَعَلَى الثَّانِي السِّتَّةُ الْأُولَى حَيْضٌ فَقَطْ.