Author: jknfatawa1

Burying a Muslim in a Non-Muslim Cemetery

jknfatawa1 Death (Janazah)

26th October 2021

 

Question: A Muslim passed away and where they live the cemetery is divided into three parts. The front and rear are where Muslims are buried. Christians are buried in the middle part.  There was no space in the Muslim parts, so she was buried in the middle next to a Christian. They did so in order not to delay the burial. She was the first Muslim buried there. There was another Muslim buried there after and it’s anticipated that portion of the Christian cemetery will be allocated for Muslims in future. But it is still next to Christians.  Is that okay, or does she need to be moved to a Muslims only cemetery, particularly as she is next to a Christian at the moment? It may be possible they can move her if necessary.

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

As a general note to begin with, having a specific burial cemetery for Muslims has been a continuous practice since the time of the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam. This is because our burial rituals are distinct from other faiths. Another reason for burying Muslims and non-Muslims in separate cemeteries is because according our tradition, Allāh’s wrath descends upon a disbeliever for not bringing faith upon Allāh I and His beloved Messenger sallallahu alayhi wasallam unlike for a true believer.[1] For this reason it is not appropriate nor permitted for a Muslim to buried in a non-Muslim cemetery.[2]

Concerning your case however, if this sister had to be buried in the Christian area due to lack of space in the Muslim area and next to her, another Muslim is buried then that would be permissible as a necessity. It will not be necessary to exhume her body thereafter to relocate her elsewhere. Exhuming the body is necessary in specific circumstances only like being buried in a land owned by someone else for instance.[3]

 

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

 

Written and researched by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

 

[1] Kasān, Badā’i Sanāi, Kitāb Janāiz,  vol 1 p. 319

وَيُكْرَهُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْكَافِرُ قَبْرَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمَوْضِعَ الَّذِي فِيهِ الْكَافِرُ تَنْزِلُ فِيهِ السَّخْطَةُ وَاللَّعْنَةُ فَيُنَزَّهُ قَبْرُ الْمُسْلِمِ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، وَإِنَّمَا يَدْخُلُ قَبْرَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ لِيَضَعُوهُ عَلَى سُنَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ،

 

[2] Zuhayli, Fiqhul Islami wa adillatihu, vol 2 p. 480

الفرض الرابع ـ دفن الميت:

مكان الدفن والدفن في البحر

ولا يدفن كافر في مقبرة المسلمين، ولا مسلم في مقبرة الكفار

 

[3] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb Janāiz, vol 2 p. 238

 

(وَلَا يُخْرَجُ مِنْهُ) بَعْدَ إهَالَةِ التُّرَابِ (إلَّا) لِحَقِّ آدَمِيٍّ كَ (أَنْ تَكُونَ الْأَرْضُ مَغْصُوبَةً أَوْ أُخِذَتْ بِشُفْعَةٍ) وَيُخَيَّرُ الْمَالِكُ بَيْنَ إخْرَاجِهِ وَمُسَاوَاتِهِ بِالْأَرْضِ كَمَا جَازَ زَرْعُهُ وَالْبِنَاءُ عَلَيْهِ إذَا بَلِيَ وَصَارَ تُرَابًا زَيْلَعِيٌّ.

(قَوْلُهُ إلَّا لِحَقِّ آدَمِيٍّ) احْتِرَازٌ عَنْ حَقِّ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى كَمَا إذَا دُفِنَ بِلَا غُسْلٍ أَوْ صَلَاةٍ أَوْ وُضِعَ عَلَى غَيْرِ يَمِينِهِ أَوْ إلَى غَيْرِ الْقِبْلَةِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُنْبَشُ عَلَيْهِ بَعْدَ إهَالَةِ التُّرَابِ كَمَا مَرَّ (قَوْلُهُ كَأَنْ تَكُونَ الْأَرْضُ مَغْصُوبَةً) وَكَمَا إذَا سَقَطَ فِي الْقَبْرِ مَتَاعٌ أَوْ كُفِّنَ بِثَوْبٍ مَغْصُوبٍ أَوْ دُفِنَ مَعَهُ مَالٌ قَالُوا: وَلَوْ كَانَ الْمَالُ دِرْهَمًا بَحْرٌ

 

Ambiguous Terms for Divorce

jknfatawa1 Divorce

7th October 2021

 

Question: The man said the following to his wife in a heated argument. Here is his full statement. “Gosh I still tried to make this so-called relationship work because of nikaah I was so stupid I should have left u when I found out about your bad habits. Your mother who is a divorcee knows about her life but she still chose a divorce for u as well – where is the shame in that. You don’t know the value of nikah or the importance of it. A woman like you who ruined her marriage without the blink of eye. U don’t know what marriage is? What nikah is? Now you have ruined your marriage after using me you have started a relationship with someone else. How can you value nikah? I am well rid of u now, good riddance to bad rubbish and that’s the end of it. Don’t ever contact me again.” What type of Talaq has taken place?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your query by uttering such words constitute one irrevocable divorce. From the above statement, there is no clear mention of the word divorce. However, looking at the context of the full conversation we can deduce that statements such as “I am well rid of u now…that’s the end of it”[1] and “Now you have ruined your marriage after using me” within such a context are ambiguously[2] referring to divorce[3], hence an irrevocable divorce would imply from the use of these sentences even if he later on denies it. [4]

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

 

Written by:  Mufti Anas Mullah        Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam  

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1]Ibn Ābideen, Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābul Talaaq, Bāb Alkinayaat, vol 3 p. 298

 وَأَمَّا حَالَةُ الْمُذَاكَرَةِ فَتُصَدَّقُ مَعَ كُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا بَلْ لَا يُتَصَوَّرُ سُؤَالُهَا الطَّلَاقَ إلَّا فِي إحْدَى الْحَالَتَيْنِ لِأَنَّهُمَا ضِدَّانِ لَا وَاسِطَةَ بَيْنَهُمَا…(قَوْلُهُ انْتَقِلِي) مِثْلُ اُخْرُجِي وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ

 

[2] Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Talaaq, Bāb fi Eeqaa’ al talaaq, Fasl fil Kinaayat  vol 1, p. 375

وَالْأَحْوَالُ ثَلَاثَةٌ (حَالَةُ) الرِّضَا (وَحَالَةُ) مُذَاكَرَةِ الطَّلَاقِ بِأَنْ تَسْأَلَ هِيَ طَلَاقَهَا أَوْ غَيْرُهَا يَسْأَلُ طَلَاقَهَا (وَحَالَةُ) الْغَضَبِ فَفِي حَالَةِ الرِّضَا لَا يَقَعُ الطَّلَاقُ فِي الْأَلْفَاظِ كُلِّهَا إلَّا بِالنِّيَّةِ وَالْقَوْلُ قَوْلُ الزَّوْجِ فِي تَرْكِ النِّيَّةِ مَعَ الْيَمِينِ وَفِي حَالَةِ مُذَاكَرَةِ الطَّلَاقِ يَقَعُ الطَّلَاقُ فِي سَائِرِ الْأَقْسَامِ قَضَاءً إلَّا فِيمَا يَصْلُحُ جَوَابًا وَرَدَّا فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُجْعَلُ طَلَاقًا كَذَا فِي الْكَافِي

[3]  Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Talaaq, Bāb fi Eeqaa’ al talaaq, Fasl fil Kinaayat  vol 1, p. 375

وَلَوْ قَالَ فِي حَالِ مُذَاكَرَةِ الطَّلَاقِ بَايَنْتُك أَوْ أَبَنْتُك أَوْ أَبَنْت مِنْك أَوْ لَا سُلْطَانَ لِي عَلَيْك أَوْ سَرَّحْتُك أَوْ وَهَبْتُك لِنَفْسِك أَوْ خَلَّيْت سَبِيلَك أَوْ أَنْتِ سَائِبَةٌ أَوْ أَنْتِ حُرَّةٌ أَوْ أَنْتِ أَعْلَمُ بِشَأْنِك. فَقَالَتْ: اخْتَرْت نَفْسِي. يَقَعُ الطَّلَاقُ وَإِنْ قَالَ لَمْ أَنْوِ الطَّلَاقَ لَا يُصَدَّقُ قَضَاءً

 

[4] Usool al-shashi,Fasl fi Al Sareeh wal Kinaayah, pg 68

وَالْكِنَايَة هِيَ مَا استتر مَعْنَاهُ وَحكم الْكِنَايَة ثُبُوت الحكم بهَا عِنْد وجود النِّيَّة أَو بِدلَالَة الْحَال إِذْ لَا بُد لَهُ من دَلِيل يَزُول بِهِ التَّرَدُّد

Reclaiming Financial Contribution from Ex-Husband

jknfatawa1 Marriage

                           5th October 2021

 

Question: Is it necessary for the wife to financially contribute towards the home? What finances can she reclaim from her husband and is Khula permissible for him not financially contributing?   

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

Islamically it is the husband who bears all financial outgoings and general maintenance of the house. Islām does not burden the wife to take charge of all outgoing expenses. If she voluntarily spends from her earnings or the couple mutually agree to share outgoing expenses between them then there is no harm. One of the final admonishes of the Messenger of Allāh e to his Ummah in his lengthy farewell speech was to uphold the rights of women in which he also included, “…and for them (wives) you bear (the responsibility of) feeding them and clothing them with kindness.”[1] Stipulating food and clothing is mere coincidental as these were the most common expenditures otherwise the essence of the Hadeeth suggests that the husband is the main breadwinner and provider, not his wife.

Resorting to Khula must be on valid grounds and mutually agreed between both parties. Apart from the husband’s shortcomings in his financial responsibilities, other factors causing his wife to undergo extreme difficulty during the marriage must exist for Khula to be valid. When Khula occurs on valid grounds, she is eligible for financial maintenance during her waiting period that follows the Khula procedure.

She can reclaim all of her personal belongings and anything that she owns. Anything she gave to him as a loan to which he acknowledged at the time then she can reclaim that. If what she contributed towards the home was as a gift and not with the intention of loan, she cannot reclaim from him.

 

 [Allãh Knows Best]

 

 

Written and researched by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Saheeh Muslim

Waiting Period and Demanding Half of Husband’s Assets

jknfatawa1 Divorce
Waiting Period and Demanding Half of Husband’s Assets

28th September 2021

 

Question: I wanted to ask a few questions about iddah, specifically in the case of faskh-e-nikkah, as in what would be the length of a woman’s iddah? And also if the woman is of an old age, how should she go about counting the days of her iddah if she doesn’t menstruate? In the UK, when a couple divorces, all the assets and properties are split between the pair. Is this permissible in Islām? My final question would be that if the father of my children is agreeing to pay the expenses of my children, if I was to ever use the money for my personal needs would this be permissible in Islam?

 

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your case scenario, iddah or known as grace period is mandatory upon a woman who has been separated from her husband after her marriage was consummated whether it was a talaq or a faskh – dissolved through an Islamic court. Her waiting period as prescribed in the Quran is three complete menstrual cycles.[1] Though the Quran references to a divorced woman, the similar rule applies to faskh also.[2] This is because both a talaq and faskh bear the same cause of marriage separation as of which iddah will be also prescribed for her in the case of faskh.[3]  The reason behind the iddah is to cleanse her womb before she moves on with another marital relationship with someone else. The underlying reason exists both with talaq and with faskh which is why the same iddah is necessary for faskh as well. If she reached the age of menopause then her iddah according to the Quran will change to three months.[4] In both cases, she is eligible for maintenance and living accommodation until her waiting period expires.[5]

As for demanding half of her ex-husband’s property and assets after divorce through the court, then this will not be permissible Islamically. The only assets she can demand from him are either her outstanding mahr, outstanding debt owed to her that she previously lent or basic maintenance during her waiting period.[6] The court’s decision to divide the property into half is not valid for a number of reasons;

Firstly, just as her personal properties belong to her, so do his personal properties belong to him. Demanding what is not rightfully  hers is an injustice against him which is a punishable offence in the Hereafter.

Secondly, many have sought to justify her right to half of his assets claiming that it is to compensate for his shortcomings in fulfilling his financial obligations towards her during marriage. This is not justifiable reason. Classical jurists have elaborated on the legal status of non-paid expenses towards one’s wife. To summarise, the legal default status of expenses – nafaqah – as the jurists explain equates to hadyah – gift. Albeit he becomes sinful for his failure, default expenses of the past are not considered a debt and hence not binding on him. They become binding in two exceptional instances only namely; mutual agreement between couple or a Muslim judge stipulates allowance for her in the court. If the husband made a binding agreement that he will grant specific monthly allowance or she presented her case to a Muslim court where he stipulated monthly allowances for her from her husband and thereafter, he fails, only then can she  demand the default payments of the past.[7] Even in the above case, she can only demand the agreed amount payable to her in either of the above two instances and that is only during the marriage or her waiting period. Contrarily, demanding half of his assets is an injustice on her part for taking that which does not rightfully belong to her after their marriage has ended. Moreover, a non-Muslim judge’s decree in marital issues is not valid when it conflicts with the fundamentals of Islām which is the case here.  In short, it would not be valid Islamically to reclaim half of his assets.

Your final question is whether she can use some of the child’s expenses after divorce then as alluded earlier, the wife is Islamically entitled to expenses during her grace period. After it expires, he has no obligation towards her because they are no longer married. His financial obligation does remains towards his biological child only. So, taking a share of the child’s expenses for herself will not be permissible without his consent.

 

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

 

Written and researched by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

 

[1] Quran [Surah Baqarah 2:228]

وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ

“And divorced women will wait for themselves (a grace period of) three menses.”

 

[2] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābus Salāh vol 3 p. 504-5 – shamila

وَأَنْوَاعُهَا حَيْضٌ، وَأَشْهُرٌ، وَوَضْعُ حَمْلٍ كَمَا أَفَادَهُ بِقَوْلِهِ (وَهِيَ فِي) حَقِّ (حُرَّةٍ) وَلَوْ كِتَابِيَّةً تَحْتَ مُسْلِمٍ (تَحِيضُ لِطَلَاقٍ) وَلَوْ رَجْعِيًّا (أَوْ فَسْخٍ بِجَمِيعِ أَسْبَابِهِ).

(قَوْلُهُ: لِطَلَاقٍ، أَوْ فَسْخٍ) تَقَدَّمَ فِي بَابِ الْوَلِيِّ نَظْمًا فِرَقُ النِّكَاحِ الَّتِي تَكُونُ فَسْخًا وَاَلَّتِي تَكُونُ طَلَاقًا (قَوْلُهُ: بِجَمِيعِ أَسْبَابِهِ) مِثْلُ الِانْفِسَاخِ بِخِيَارِ الْبُلُوغِ، وَالْعِتْقِ، وَعَدَمِ الْكَفَاءَةِ، وَمِلْكِ أَحَدِ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الْآخَرَ، وَالرِّدَّةِ فِي بَعْضِ الصُّوَرِ، وَالِافْتِرَاقِ عَنْ النِّكَاحِ الْفَاسِدِ، وَالْوَطْءِ بِشُبْهَةٍ فَتْحٌ؛ لَكِنَّ الْأَخِيرَ لَيْسَ فَسْخًا.

 

[3] Kasān, Badā’i Sanāi, Kitāb al–Talāq, vol 3 p. 190

وَعَلَى هَذَا يُبْنَى وَقْتُ وُجُوبِ الْعِدَّةِ أَنَّهَا تَجِبُ مِنْ وَقْتِ وُجُودِ سَبَبِ الْوُجُوبِ مِنْ الطَّلَاقِ، وَالْوَفَاةِ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى لَوْ بَلَغَ الْمَرْأَةَ طَلَاقُ زَوْجِهَا أَوْ مَوْتُهُ فَعَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ مِنْ يَوْمِ طَلَّقَ أَوْ مَاتَ عِنْدَ عَامَّةِ الْعُلَمَاءِ،

[4] Quran [Surah Talaq 65:4]

 

وَاللَّائِي يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَاللَّائِي لَمْ يَحِضْنَ

“And those women amongst you who have despaired from menstruation if you doubt then they waiting period is three months, and those that do not menstruate.”

Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābus Salāh vol 3 p. 507

(قَوْلُهُ: وَالْعِدَّةُ فِي حَقِّ مَنْ لَمْ تَحِضْ) شُرُوعٌ فِي النَّوْعِ الثَّانِي مِنْ أَنْوَاعِ الْعِدَّةِ وَهُوَ الْعِدَّةُ بِالْأَشْهُرِ وَهُوَ مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى قَوْلِهِ وَهِيَ فِي حَقِّ حُرَّةٍ تَحِيضُ (قَوْلُهُ: حُرَّةً أَمْ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ) أَيْ لَا فَرْقَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِيمَا سَيَأْتِي مِنْ أَنَّ عِدَّةَ كُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ

 

Kasān, Badā’i Sanāi, Kitāb al–Talāq, vol 3 p. 192

وَأَمَّا عِدَّةُ الْأَشْهُرِ فَنَوْعَانِ: نَوْعٌ يَجِبُ بَدَلًا عَنْ الْحَيْضِ، وَنَوْعٌ يَجِبُ أَصْلًا بِنَفْسِهِ أَمَّا الَّذِي يَجِبُ بَدَلًا عَنْ الْحَيْضِ فَهُوَ عِدَّةُ الصَّغِيرَةِ وَالْآيِسَةِ وَالْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي لَمْ تَحِضْ رَأْسًا فِي الطَّلَاقِ، وَسَبَبُ وُجُوبِهَا هُوَ الطَّلَاقُ، وَهُوَ سَبَبُ وُجُوبِ عِدَّةِ الْأَقْرَاءِ، وَأَنَّهَا تَجِبُ قَضَاءً لِحَقِّ النِّكَاحِ الَّذِي اُسْتُوْفِيَ فِيهِ الْمَقْصُودُ، وَشَرْطُ وُجُوبِهَا شَيْئَانِ: أَحَدُهُمَا – أَحَدُ الْأَشْيَاءِ الثَّلَاثَةِ: الصِّغَرُ أَوْ الْكِبَرُ، أَوْ فَقْدُ الْحَيْضِ أَصْلًا مَعَ عَدَمِ الصِّغَرِ، وَالْكِبَرِ، وَالْأَصْلُ فِيهِ قَوْله تَعَالَى {وَاللائِي يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَاللائِي لَمْ يَحِضْنَ} [الطلاق: 4]

 

[5] Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Talāq, vol 1, p. 558

[الْفَصْلُ الثَّالِثُ فِي نَفَقَةِ الْمُعْتَدَّةِ]

وَإِنْ حَاضَتْ فِي الْأَشْهُرِ الثَّلَاثَةِ وَاسْتَقْبَلَتْ عِدَّتَهَا بِالْحَيْضِ فَلَهَا النَّفَقَةُ، وَكَذَلِكَ لَوْ كَانَتْ صَغِيرَةً يُجَامَعُ مِثْلُهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا بَعْدَ مَا دَخَلَ بِهَا أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، فَإِنْ حَاضَتْ فِيهَا وَاسْتَقْبَلَتْ عِدَّةَ الْأَقْرَاءِ أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا كَذَا فِي الْبَدَائِعِ.

 

Muheetul Burhani, Kitāb al-Talāq vol 3, p. 553

الفصل الثاني في نفقة المطلقات

اجتمع على المطلقة طلاقاً رجعياً تستحق النفقة والسكنى ما دامت العدة قائمة سواء كانت حاملاً أو حائلاً، وهذا لأن بعد الطلاق الرجعي النكاح قائم وإنما أشرف على الزوال عند انقضاء العدة وذلك غير مسقط للنفقة، كما إذا أو علق طلاقها بمضي شهر، وأما المبتوتة فلها النفقة والسكنى أيضاً ما دامت في العدة حائلاً كانت أو حاملاً، وهذا مذهبنا.

 

[6] Mufti Ismail Kacholvi, Fatawa Deeniyyah, Ch. Divorce, vol 3, pp. 577-579

 

[7] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābus Salāh vol 3 p. 594

(وَالنَّفَقَةُ لَا تَصِيرُ دَيْنًا إلَّا بِالْقَضَاءِ أَوْ الرِّضَا) أَيْ اصْطِلَاحِهِمَا عَلَى قَدْرٍ مُعَيَّنٍ أَصْنَافًا أَوْ دَرَاهِمَ، فَقَبْلَ ذَلِكَ لَا يَلْزَمُ شَيْءٌ، وَبَعْدَهُ تَرْجِعُ بِمَا أَنْفَقَتْ وَلَوْ مِنْ مَالِ نَفْسِهَا بِلَا أَمْرِ قَاضٍ.

[مَطْلَبٌ لَا تَصِيرُ النَّفَقَةُ دَيْنًا إلَّا بِالْقَضَاءِ أَوْ الرِّضَا]

(قَوْلُهُ وَالنَّفَقَةُ لَا تَصِيرُ دَيْنًا إلَخْ) أَيْ إذَا لَمْ يُنْفِقْ عَلَيْهَا بِأَنْ غَابَ عَنْهَا أَوْ كَانَ حَاضِرًا فَامْتَنَعَ فَلَا يُطَالَبُ بِهَا بَلْ تَسْقُطُ بِمُضِيِّ الْمُدَّةِ. قَالَ فِي الْفَتْحِ: وَذُكِرَ فِي الْغَايَةِ مَعْزُوًّا إلَى الذَّخِيرَةِ أَنَّ نَفَقَةَ مَا دُونَ الشَّهْرِ لَا تَسْقُطُ فَكَأَنَّهُ جَعَلَ الْقَلِيلَ مِمَّا لَا يُمْكِنُ الِاحْتِرَازُ عَنْهُ، إذْ لَوْ سَقَطَتْ بِمُضِيِّ يَسِيرٍ مِنْ الزَّمَانِ لَمَا تَمَكَّنَتْ مِنْ الْأَخْذِ أَصْلًا. اهـ وَمِثْلُهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ، وَكَذَا فِي الشُّرُنْبُلَالِيَّةِ عَنْ الْبُرْهَانِ وَوَجْهُهُ فِي غَايَةِ الظُّهُورِ لِمَنْ تَدَبَّرْ فَافْهَمْ.

ثُمَّ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِالنَّفَقَةِ نَفَقَةُ الزَّوْجَةِ، بِخِلَافِ نَفَقَةِ الْقَرِيبِ فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَصِيرُ دَيْنًا وَلَوْ بَعْدَ الْقَضَاءِ وَالرِّضَا، حَتَّى لَوْ مَضَتْ مُدَّةٌ بَعْدَهُمَا تَسْقُطُ كَمَا يَأْتِي وَسَيَأْتِي أَنَّ الزَّيْلَعِيَّ اسْتَثْنَى نَفَقَةَ الصَّغِيرِ وَيَأْتِي تَمَامُ الْكَلَامِ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَ قَوْلِ الْمُصَنِّفِ قَضَى بِنَفَقَةِ غَيْرِ الزَّوْجَةِ إلَخْ (قَوْلُهُ إلَّا بِالْقَضَاءِ) بِأَنْ يَفْرِضَهَا الْقَاضِي عَلَيْهِ أَصْنَافًا أَوْ دَرَاهِمَ أَوْ دَنَانِيرَ نَهْرٌ (قَوْلُهُ فَقَبْلَ ذَلِكَ لَا يَلْزَمُهُ شَيْءٌ) أَيْ لَا يَلْزَمُهُ عَمَّا مَضَى قَبْلَ الْقَرْضِ بِالْقَضَاءِ أَوْ الرِّضَا وَلَا عَمَّا يَسْتَقْبِلُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَجِبْ بَعْدُ،

أَطْلَقَ النَّفَقَةَ فَشَمِلَ نَفَقَةَ الْعِدَّةِ إذَا لَمْ تَقْبِضْهَا حَتَّى انْقَضَتْ الْعِدَّةُ: فَفِي الْفَتْحِ أَنَّ الْمُخْتَارَ عِنْدَ الْحَلْوَانِيِّ أَنَّهَا لَا تَسْقُطُ، وَسَنَذْكُرُ عَنْ الْبَحْرِ أَنَّ الصَّحِيحَ  السُّقُوطُ وَأَنَّهُ لَا بُدَّ مِنْ إصْلَاحِ الْمُتُونِ هُنَا لِإِطْلَاقِهَا عَدَمَ السُّقُوطِ، وَأَنَّ هَذَا كُلَّهُ فِي غَيْرِ الْمُسْتَدَانَةِ وَسَيَأْتِي تَمَامُ الْكَلَامِ فِيهِ

 

Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Talāq, vol 1, p. 551

[الْفَصْلُ الْأَوَّلُ فِي نَفَقَةِ الزَّوْجَةِ]

إذَا خَاصَمَتْ الْمَرْأَةُ زَوْجَهَا فِي نَفَقَةِ مَا مَضَى مِنْ الزَّمَانِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَفْرِضَ الْقَاضِي لَهَا النَّفَقَةَ وَقَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَرَاضَيَا عَنْ شَيْءٍ فَإِنَّ الْقَاضِيَ لَا يَقْضِي لَهَا نَفَقَةَ مَا مَضَى عِنْدَنَا كَذَا فِي الْمُحِيطِ

 

Dealing with Constant Urine Drops

jknfatawa1 Purity
Dealing with Constant Urine Drops

22nd September 2021

 

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: A friend of mine asked me this question: I have a urine incontinence and have been suffering for years. After urinating, urine drops falls after few minutes. This keeps going 15 to 30 min maximum. So I have seen some fatwas about wrapping the private part with clothes or tissue. But that isn’t really impossible because it happens every time I urinate. And changing tissue or cloth every single time is not possible for me. So, what I do is, when doing wudhu, I wash my private part with water and those areas of clothes where possibly urine drops have fallen. But even that is being very painful to do. Because my clothes are getting all wet every time I do wudhu and it takes 10 or 15 minutes to do wudu that way. Because sometimes when I am wiping with a cloth on certain spots, some water goes to my hips and then I had to wipe that also and so on. It really wasting my time and also, I am being uncomfortable with my wet pants. So, is it possible that I only wash my private parts only and not my clothes before wudhu? Because I don’t think that even when I wash it, it washes every area where urine might have gone, so please tell me can I wash just my private when doing wudu?

  

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer: In reference to your query, urine incontinence is the medical term used for when the body releases urine unintentionally. In certain cases, this can be both stressful and urging.[1] We pray to Allah that you are granted shifaa from this ailment. Aameen.

It has not been made clear in your query whether your incontinence suffering affects your performance of Salāh or not. On that basis the ruling of ma’zoor – excused person – would not apply to you unless that is further clarified. The concession of wudhu applies only if the incontinence continues for the first time throughout an entire Salāh time leaving no possible time to complete your Salāh without the continuous dripping. [2] Your case is visiting the bathroom and cleaning your clothes. The ideal case would be to follow what you have read in previous fatawa of wrapping the private part in tissue or a cloth so that excess urine is absorbed by these instead of the underwear. No need to change nor wash your entire clothes and if any drops were to fall onto your clothes visible to you and less than a dirham quantity (50p or £2 coin),[3] then your Salāh will still be valid.[4] If the impurity does exceed the amount, then only that area must be washed. Nevertheless, wrapping your private part with a tissue paper or a cloth would be better and simply replace it each time you visit the bathroom. Washing the entire clothes as you have described is not necessary.

 

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

 

Written by:  Mufti Anas Mullah        Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/urinary-incontinence/

[2] Fatawa Hindiyyah, kitaabut taharah, fasl fi ahkaamil haydhi wan nifaasi  vol 1, p 40

شرط ثبوت العذر ابتداء أن يستوعب استمراره وقت الصلاة كاملا وهو الأظهر كالانقطاع لا يثبت ما لم يستوعب الوقت كله حتى لو سال دمها في بعض وقت صلاة فتوضأت و صلت ثم خرج الوقت ودخل وقت صلاة أخرى وانقطع دمها فيه أعادت تلك الصلاة لعدم الاستيعاب.

 

Shaami, Kitaabut taharah, bab al haidh, matlabun fi ahkaam al ma’dhoor, vol 1, p305

وصاحب عذر من به سلس) بول لا يمكنه إمساكه (أو استطلاق بطن أو انفلات ريح أو استحاضة) أو بعينه رمد أو عمش أو غرب، وكذا كل ما يخرج بوجع ولو من أذن وثدي وسرة (إن استوعب عذره تمام وقت صلاة مفروضة)

 

[3] Fatawa Hindiyyah, kitab us salaat, bab fi shurootis salaat, fasl fit taharah, vol 1, p58

النجاسة إن كانت غليظة وهي أكثر من قدر الدرهم فغسلها فريضة والصلاة بها باطلة وإن كانت مقدار درهم فغسلها واجب والصلاة معها جائزة وإن كانت أقل من الدرهم فغسلها سنة وإن كانت خفيفة فإنها لا تمنع جواز الصلاة حتى تفحش. كذا في المضمرات.

[4] Nujaym, Ibn. Al bahr al Raaiq. vol 1 p239

قَوْلُهُ: وَعُفِيَ قَدْرُ الدِّرْهَمِ كَعَرْضِ الْكَفِّ مِنْ نَجَسٍ مُغَلَّظٍ كَالدَّمِ وَالْبَوْلِ وَالْخَمْرِ وَخُرْءِ الدَّجَاجِ وَبَوْلِ مَا لَا يُؤْكَلُ لَحْمُهُ وَالرَّوْثُ… وَمُرَادُهُ مِنْ الْعَفْوِ صِحَّةُ الصَّلَاةِ بِدُونِ إزَالَتِهِ لَا عَدَمُ الْكَرَاهَةِ لِمَا فِي السِّرَاجِ الْوَهَّاجِ وَغَيْرِهِ إنْ كَانَتْ النَّجَاسَةُ قَدْرَ الدِّرْهَمِ تُكْرَهُ الصَّلَاةُ مَعَهَا إجْمَاعًا، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ أَقَلَّ وَقَدْ دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ نُظِرَ إنْ كَانَ فِي الْوَقْتِ سَعَةٌ فَالْأَفْضَلُ إزَالَتُهَا وَاسْتِقْبَالُ الصَّلَاةِ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ تَفُوتُهُ الْجَمَاعَةُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ يَجِدُ الْمَاءَ وَيَجِدُ جَمَاعَةً آخَرِينَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فَكَذَلِكَ أَيْضًا لِيَكُونَ مُؤَدِّيًا لِلصَّلَاةِ الْجَائِزَةِ بِيَقِينٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي آخِرِ الْوَقْتِ أَوْ لَا يُدْرِكُ الْجَمَاعَةَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ يَمْضِي 

Husband Issues Three Divorces and Becomes an Apostate

jknfatawa1 Divorce
Husband Issues Three Divorces and Becomes an Apostate

13th September 2021

 

Question: If a man divorces his wife thrice and then commits kufr. Then he repents and becomes Muslim again. Can he marry the woman after her Iddah period without the woman getting married again?

 

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your query, despite him committing kufr after three divorces and then repenting, she still does not become Halāl for him until she marries someone else, consummates the marriage and then he divorces her. The reason as the renowned Hanafi jurist Allamah Kasani rahimahullah explains is that the statement of Almighty Allāh, “She is not halal for him until she marries a man other than him” [2:230] negates any form of permissibility of marriage to her former husband prior to marrying another man.  Three divorces are the maximum limit a husband can issue which can only be renewed after her second marriage. Furthermore, the verse suggest that a ruling is attached to its extreme point, in this case until she marries another man, which indicates that before this, her former husband is still not Halāl.[1] Apostasy therefore does not invalidate divorce rulings.[2] From this, the jurists explain that even if the wife (God forbid) becomes an apostate after receiving three divorces and later on she returns to him (after renewing her faith) without marrying someone else, she still does not become Halāl for him.[3]

 

In light of the above, despite the husband apostatising after pronouncing three divorces and then renewing his faith thereafter, she still doesn’t become Halāl for him until she marries another man, consummates the second marriage and then he divorces her.

 

 

 [Allãh Knows Best]

 

 

Written and researched by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

 

[1] Kasān, Badā’i Sanāi, Kitāb al-Hajj, vol 3 p. 187

وَإِنَّمَا تَنْتَهِي الْحُرْمَةُ وَتَحِلُّ لِلزَّوْجِ الْأَوَّلِ بِشَرَائِطَ مِنْهَا النِّكَاحُ، وَهُوَ أَنْ تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ} [البقرة: 230] نَفَى الْحِلَّ، وَحَدَّ النَّفْيَ إلَى غَايَةِ التَّزَوُّجِ بِزَوْجٍ آخَرَ، وَالْحُكْمُ الْمَمْدُودُ إلَى غَايَةٍ لَا يَنْتَهِي قَبْلَ وُجُودِ الْغَايَةِ، فَلَا تَنْتَهِي الْحُرْمَةُ قَبْلَ التَّزَوُّجِ، فَلَا يَحِلُّ لِلزَّوْجِ الْأَوَّلِ قَبْلَهُ ضَرُورَةً،

 

Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Manāsik, Bāb al-Jinayat, vol 1, p. 473

وَإِنْ كَانَ الطَّلَاقُ ثَلَاثًا فِي الْحُرَّةِ وَثِنْتَيْنِ فِي الْأَمَةِ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ نِكَاحًا صَحِيحًا وَيَدْخُلَ بِهَا ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقَهَا أَوْ يَمُوتَ عَنْهَا كَذَا فِي الْهِدَايَةِ وَلَا فَرْقَ فِي ذَلِكَ بَيْنَ كَوْنِ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ مَدْخُولًا بِهَا أَوْ غَيْرَ مَدْخُولٍ بِهَا كَذَا فِي فَتْحِ الْقَدِيرِ وَيُشْتَرَطُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْإِيلَاجُ مُوجِبًا لِلْغُسْلِ وَهُوَ الْتِقَاءُ الْخِتَانَيْنِ هَكَذَا فِي الْعَيْنِيِّ شَرْحِ الْكَنْزِ.

 

[2] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābus Salāh, Bāb Shurootus Salāh, vol 2 p. 73

بَابُ الرَّجْعَةِ

[مَطْلَبٌ فِي حِيلَةُ إسْقَاطِ عِدَّةِ الْمُحَلِّلِ]

فَلَا يُحِلُّهَا وَطْءُ الْمَوْلَى وَلَا مِلْكُ أَمَةٍ بَعْدَ طَلْقَتَيْنِ، أَوْ حُرَّةٍ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ وَرِدَّةٌ وَسَبْيٌ وَنَظِيرُهُ مَنْ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِظِهَارٍ، أَوْ لِعَانٍ ثُمَّ ارْتَدَّتْ وَسُبِيَتْ ثُمَّ مَلَكَهَا لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ أَبَدًا

أَنَّ الرِّدَّةَ وَاللَّحَاقَ وَالسَّبْيَ لَمْ تُبْطِلْ حُكْمَ الظِّهَارِ وَاللِّعَانِ كَمَا لَمْ تُبْطِلْ حُكْمَ الطَّلَاقِ

 

[3] Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Manāsik, Bāb al-Jinayat, vol 1, p. 473

وَلَوْ ارْتَدَّتْ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ ثَلَاثًا وَلَحِقَتْ بِدَارِ الْحَرْبِ ثُمَّ اسْتَرَقَّهَا أَوْ طَلَّقَ زَوْجَتَهُ الْأَمَةَ ثِنْتَيْنِ ثُمَّ مَلَكَهَا فَفِي هَاتَيْنِ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ الْوَطْءُ إلَّا بَعْدَ زَوْجٍ آخَرَ كَذَا فِي النَّهْرِ الْفَائِقِ.

 

Is my Grandfather’s other Wife my Mahram?

jknfatawa1 Marriage

7th September 2021

 

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Is the stepmother of my mother my mahram or ghair mahram or is that dependant on whether my mother was breastfed by her stepmother or not?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your query, your mother’s stepmother would be classed as a mahram to you regardless if she breastfed your mother or not.[1] The kinship of musaharah is established with the nikah and consummation of the stepmother with the father (your grandfather) which renders all of their ascendants and descendants as unlawful for marriage for them both. But if she breastfed your mother then the kinship of rida’ah would also be established.[2]

 

 

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

Written by:  Muftiya Gul-e-Maryam         Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam  

JKN Fatawa Department

 

 

[1] Ikhtiyaar Li Ta’leel Mukhtaar, Mahramat Vol 3, Pg 84

 

محرمات النكاح] ويحرم على الرجل نكاح أمه، وجداته، وبنته، وبنات ولده، وأخته وبنتها، وبنت أخيه وعمته وخالته، وأم امرأته وبنتها إن دخل بها، وامرأة أبيه وأجداده وبنيه وبني أولاده، والجمع بين الأختين نكاحا ووطئا بملك يمين. ويحرم من الرضاع من ذكرنا من النس

 

[2] Badai Sanai, Mahramat Vol 2, Pg 262

 

وكذا جدات الزوجة لأبيها وأمها، وإن علون وبنات بناتها وبنات أبنائها وإن سفلن من الرضاع.

وكذا يحرم حليلة ابن الرضاع وابن ابن الرضاع، وإن سفل على أبي الرضاع وأبي أبيه وتحرم منكوحة أبي الرضاع وأبي أبيه، وإن علا على ابن الرضاع وابن ابنه وإن سفل وكذا يحرم بالوطء أم الموطوءة وبنتها من الرضاع على الواطئ.

وكذا جداتها وبنات بناتها وتحرم الموطوءة على أبي الواطئ وابنه من الرضاع.

وكذا على أجداده وإن علوا وعلى أبناء أبنائه وإن سفلوا سواء كان الوطء حلالا بأن كان يملك اليمين أو كان الوطء بنكاح فاسد أو شبهة نكاح أو كان زنا، والأصل أنه يحرم بسبب الرضاع ما يحرم بسبب النسب وسبب المصاهرة

 

Preparing Accounts for a Pub

jknfatawa1 Finance

6th September 2021

 

Question: Im an accountant by profession and I prepare company accounts and calculate the right amount of tax to be paid to the government. My question is If I prepare company accounts for a Pub, is it permissible for me to prepare their accounts and get paid for the service (tax calculation)? As an accountant, the work carried for this service is the same for other companies as well. They will send me the bank statements and I will prepare the accounts.

 

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer: It is worth noting that any income whether Halāl or Harām is based on the service you provide. Provided that the service you give is permissible then you do not become responsible for the action of the customer so long as your intention is not to assist in the sin itself. The prohibition lies only if the service itself is unlawful and the intention is for unlawful purposes also. As an accountant you provide the same service for every company whether Halāl or a Harām namely preparing their accounts by checking their bank statements. Your income is determined by your services thus it is permissible. Even if they pay you from the income generated by selling alcohol then that will not be considered Harām for you to take. This is because alcohol is permissible in the religion and their sale of alcohol amongst them is similar to Muslims selling vinegar amongst ourselves. In other words, what we deem Halāl dealing amongst ourselves is similar for them in their religion. If our tradition allows non-Muslims to transact in alcohol between themselves in an Islamic state then as Muslims living in non-Muslim countries, we are not responsible for their actions. What they deem Halāl in their religion then their income will not be Harām for Muslims to take if they pay you from it in return of a Halāl service you provided for them.[1] Another noteworthy point here that supposedly someone argues that it is not allowed for you to take money from a pub owner for preparing their accounts then if majority of your income is lawful because of preparing accounts for other lawful companies then this still does not render your entire income unlawful.[2] The reason is that this is now subsumed with your other lawful income. Either way, as mentioned that your income will not be unlawful.

 

 

 [Allãh Knows Best]

 

Written and researched by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

 

[1] Bahr Raiq Kitabūl Bai’, p. 288 vol 6

[بَابُ مَسَائِلُ مُتَفَرِّقَةٌ فِي الْبَيْع]

(بَابُ الْمُتَفَرِّقَاتِ)

قَوْلُهُ (وَالذِّمِّيُّ كَالْمُسْلِمِ فِي بَيْعِ غَيْرِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْخِنْزِيرِ) لِأَنَّهُ مُكَلَّفٌ مُحْتَاجٌ فَشَرَعَ فِي حَقِّهِمْ أَسْبَابَ الْمُعَامَلَاتِ فَكُلُّ مَا جَازَ لَنَا مِنْ الْبِيَاعَاتِ مِنْ الصَّرْفِ وَالسَّلَمِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا جَازَ لَهُ وَمَا لَا يَجُوزُ مِنْ الرِّبَا وَغَيْرِهِ لَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ إلَّا الْخَمْرَ وَالْخِنْزِيرَ فَإِنَّ عَقْدَهُمْ فِيهَا كَعَقْدِنَا عَلَى الْعَصِيرِ وَالشَّاةِ فَيَجُوزُ لَهُ السَّلَمُ فِي الْخَمْرِ دُونَ الْخِنْزِيرِ، وَفِي الْبَدَائِعِ لَا يُمْنَعُونَ مِنْ بَيْعِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْخِنْزِيرِ، أَمَّا عَلَى قَوْلِ بَعْضِ مَشَايِخِنَا فَلِأَنَّهُ مُبَاحُ الِانْتِفَاعِ بِهِ شَرْعًا لَهُمْ فَكَانَ مَالًا فِي حَقِّهِمْ عَنْ الْبَعْضِ حُرْمَتُهُمَا ثَابِتَةٌ عَلَى الْعُمُومِ فِي حَقِّ الْمُسْلِمِ وَالْكَافِرِ لِأَنَّ الْكُفَّارَ مُخَاطَبُونَ بِشَرَائِعَ هِيَ مُحَرَّمَاتٌ وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ مِنْ مَذْهَبِ أَصْحَابِنَا فَكَانَتْ الْحُرْمَةُ ثَابِتَةً فِي حَقِّهِمْ لَكِنَّهُمْ لَا يُمْنَعُونَ عَنْ بَيْعِهَا لِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْتَقِدُونَ حُرْمَتَهَا ويتمولونها، وَقَدْ أُمِرْنَا بِتَرْكِهِمْ وَمَا يَدِينُونَ.

Durrul Mukhtar wa Raddul Muhtar Kitabūl Buyoo’, p. 480 vol 7

بَابُ الْمُتَفَرِّقَاتِ

(وَالذِّمِّيُّ كَالْمُسْلِمِ فِي بَيْعٍ) كَصَرْفٍ وَسَلَمٍ وَرِبًا وَغَيْرِهَا (غَيْرِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَيْتَةٍ لَمْ تَمُتْ حَتْفَ أَنْفِهَا)

(قَوْلُهُ غَيْرِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْخِنْزِيرِ إلَخْ) فَإِنَّا نُجِيزُ بَيْعَ بَعْضِهِمْ بَعْضًا لِخُصُوصٍ فِيهِ مِنْ قَوْلِ عُمَرَ – رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ – أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو يُوسُفَ فِي كِتَابِ الْخَرَاجِ حَضَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، وَاجْتَمَعَ إلَيْهِ عُمَّالُهُ فَقَالَ يَا هَؤُلَاءِ إنَّهُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكُمْ تَأْخُذُونَ فِي الْجِزْيَةِ الْمَيْتَةَ وَالْخِنْزِيرَ وَالْخَمْرَ فَقَالَ بِلَالٌ: أَجَلْ إنَّهُمْ يَفْعَلُونَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ فَلَا تَفْعَلُوا، وَلَكِنْ وَلُّوا أَرْبَابَهَا بَيْعَهَا ثُمَّ خُذُوا الثَّمَنَ مِنْهُمْ وَلَا نُجِيزُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ بَيْعَ الْمَيْتَةِ وَالدَّمِ فَتْحٌ

 

[2] Durrul Mukhtar wa Raddul Muhtar Kitāb az-Zakāt, bāb Zakāt al-Ghanam, p. 217 vol 3

(وَلَوْ خَلَطَ السُّلْطَانُ الْمَالَ الْمَغْصُوبَ بِمَالِهِ مَلَكَهُ فَتَجِبُ الزَّكَاةُ فِيهِ وَيُورَثُ عَنْهُ) ؛ لِأَنَّ الْخَلْطَ اسْتِهْلَاكٌ إذَا لَمْ يُمْكِنْ تَمْيِيزٌ عِنْدَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، وَقَوْلُهُ أَرْفَقُ إذْ قَلَّمَا يَخْلُو مَالٌ عَنْ غَصْبٍ،

Fatawa Hindiyyah Kitāb al-Karahiyyat, bāb al-Bai alItiyām, p. 444 vol 5

وَالثَّانِي إنْ عَلِمَ أَنَّ الْمَالَ الْحَرَامَ بِعَيْنِهِ قَائِمٌ إلَّا أَنَّهُ اخْتَلَطَ بِالْغَيْرِ بِحَيْثُ لَا يُمْكِنُ التَّمْيِيزُ عَنْهُ فَإِنَّ عَلَى أَصْلِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ – رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى – بِالْخَلْطِ يَدْخُلُ فِي مِلْكِهِ إلَّا أَنَّهُ لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يَرْضَى الْخَصْمُ بِدَفْعِ الْعِوَضِ فَإِنْ اشْتَرَاهُ يَدْخُلُ  فِي مِلْكِهِ مَعَ الْكَرَاهَةِ

 

Working in an Amazon Warehouse Handling Unlawful Package

jknfatawa1 Finance

1st September 2021

 

Question: I wanted to ask if working in an Amazon warehouse would be permissible as I could be potentially sorting and packing deliveries that have Harām items in them.

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

 

In reference to your query, working in an Amazon warehouse sorting out packages of both Halāl and Harām does not render your income Harām. This is based on a similitude case where Imām Abu Hanīfah rahimahullah permitted a Muslim to charge remuneration from a dhimmi (non-Muslim residing in a Muslim country governed by Islamic law) to carry his alcohol for him. He argued that the burden of sin is connected with the drinker due to his own actions. The act of carrying alcohol itself is not the cause of the sin because his job is providing a service. Contrarily, his two eminent students; Imām Abu Yusuf rahimahullah and Imām Muhammad rahimahullah disproved of charging remuneration of carrying alcohol due to the explicit Hadīth where the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam cursed ten things related to alcohol amongst them being its carrier. Imām Abu Hanīfah rahimahullah explains that the curse applies to the individual carrying it with the intention of committing a sin. The carrier in this case is merely charging for his services. Moreover, it is possible that the owner may use it for reasons other than drinking i.e. converting to vinegar etc.[1]

Imām Abu Hanīfah’s rahimahullah underlying rationale was that the transaction should be based on the service one is providing. If the service itself is Halāl then his income cannot be rendered unlawful altogether. He doesn’t share in the burden of the owner’s discretionary sinful act as it was his choice to engage in Harām. The Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam cursing the one carrying alcohol referred to those serving alcohol with the intention sin or partaking in the sin. He becomes cursed due to sharing the burden of sin in such a case.

This was the case of alcohol itself. As for you working in the amazon warehouse where packaging items; lawful or unlawful is part of your job, you are being paid for your own services. The same applies to delivery services as well.  The burden of sin lies with the owner which you have no connection with. So, in principle, it is still permissible for you to work there and your income will not be rendered unlawful. This is from the Islamic legal standpoint but for personal piety, you may choose to avoid it if you so wish.

 

 

 [Allãh Knows Best]

 

 

Written and researched by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

 

 

[1] Durrul Mukhtar wa Raddul Muhtar Kitab al-Hadhr wal Ibahat, Bab Istibra wa Ghairihi, p. 562 vol 9

(وَ) جَازَ تَعْمِيرُ كَنِيسَةٍ وَ (حَمْلُ خَمْرِ ذِمِّيٍّ) بِنَفْسِهِ أَوْ دَابَّتِهِ (بِأَجْرٍ) لَا عَصْرُهَا لِقِيَامِ الْمَعْصِيَةِ بِعَيْنِهِ.

(قَوْلُهُ وَحَمْلُ خَمْرِ ذِمِّيٍّ)  قَالَ الزَّيْلَعِيُّ: وَهَذَا عِنْدَهُ وَقَالَا هُوَ مَكْرُوهٌ ” لِأَنَّهُ – عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ – «لَعَنَ فِي الْخَمْرِ عَشَرَةً وَعَدَّ مِنْهَا حَامِلَهَا» وَلَهُ أَنَّ الْإِجَارَةَ عَلَى الْحَمْلِ وَهُوَ لَيْسَ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ، وَلَا سَبَبَ لَهَا وَإِنَّمَا تَحْصُلُ الْمَعْصِيَةُ بِفِعْلِ فَاعِلٍ مُخْتَارٍ، وَلَيْسَ الشُّرْبُ مِنْ ضَرُورَاتِ الْحَمْلِ، لِأَنَّ حَمْلَهَا قَدْ يَكُونُ لِلْإِرَاقَةِ أَوْ لِلتَّخْلِيلِ، فَصَارَ كَمَا إذَا اسْتَأْجَرَهُ لِعَصْرِ الْعِنَبِ أَوْ قَطْعِهِ وَالْحَدِيثُ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى الْحَمْلِ الْمَقْرُونِ بِقَصْدِ الْمَعْصِيَةِ اهـ زَادَ فِي النِّهَايَةِ وَهَذَا قِيَاسٌ وَقَوْلُهُمَا اسْتِحْسَانٌ، ثُمَّ قَالَ الزَّيْلَعِيُّ: وَعَلَى هَذَا الْخِلَافِ لَوْ آجَرَهُ دَابَّةً لِيَنْقُلَ عَلَيْهَا الْخَمْرَ أَوْ آجَرَهُ نَفْسَهُ لِيَرْعَى لَهُ الْخَنَازِيرَ يَطِيبُ لَهُ الْأَجْرُ عِنْدَهُ وَعِنْدَهُمَا يُكْرَهُ.

Bahr Raiq Kitabūl Karahiyyat, p. 372 vol 8

[حَمْلُ خَمْرِ الذِّمِّيِّ بِأَجْرٍ]

قَالَ: – رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى – (وَحَمْلُ خَمْرِ الذِّمِّيِّ بِأَجْرٍ) يَعْنِي جَازَ ذَلِكَ وَهَذَا عِنْدَ الْإِمَامِ وَقَالَا يُكْرَهُ لِأَنَّهُ – عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ – «لَعَنَ فِي الْخَمْرِ عَشَرَةً وَعَدَّ مِنْهَا حَامِلَهَا» وَلَهُ أَنَّ الْإِجَارَةَ عَلَى الْحَمْلِ وَهُوَ لَيْسَ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ وَإِنَّمَا الْمَعْصِيَةُ بِفِعْلِ فَاعِلٍ مُخْتَارٍ فَصَارَ كَمَنْ اسْتَأْجَرَهُ لِعَصْرِ خَمْرِ الْعِنَبِ وَقَطْفِهِ، وَالْحَدِيثُ يُحْمَلُ عَلَى الْحَمْلِ الْمَقْرُونِ بِقَصْدِ الْمَعْصِيَةِ وَعَلَى هَذَا الْخِلَافِ إذَا أَجَّرَ دَابَّةً لِيَحْمِلَ عَلَيْهَا الْخَمْرَ أَوْ نَفْسَهُ لِيَرْعَى لَهُ الْخَنَازِيرَ فَإِنَّهُ يَطِيبُ لَهُ الْأَجْرُ عِنْدَهُ وَعِنْدَهُمَا يُكْرَهُ وَفِي التَّتَارْخَانِيَّة: وَلَوْ أَجَّرَ الْمُسْلِمُ نَفْسَهُ لِذِمِّيٍّ لِيَعْمَلَ فِي الْكَنِيسَةِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ وَفِي الذَّخِيرَةِ إذَا دَخَلَ يَهُودِيٌّ الْحَمَّامَ هَلْ يُبَاحُ لِلْخَادِمِ الْمُسْلِمِ أَنْ يَخْدُمَهُ قَالَ: إنْ خَدَمَهُ طَمَعًا فِي فُلُوسِهِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ وَإِنْ خَدَمَهُ تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ يُنْظَرُ إنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لِيُمِيلَ قَلْبَهُ إلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ وَإِنْ فَعَلَهُ تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ كُرِهَ ذَلِكَ وَعَلَى هَذَا إذَا دَخَلَ ذِمِّيٌّ عَلَى مُسْلِمٍ فَقَامَ لَهُ طَمَعًا فِي إسْلَامِهِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ وَإِنْ قَامَ لَهُ تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ كُرِهَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ.

 

Income through Freelance Essay Writing

jknfatawa1 Finance

30th August 2021

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Is freelancing in academic writing haram? one of Muslim sister has been doing academic writing for a while now and she has been thinking about it, she even quit for a while. So, please let me know, is getting paid for doing someone’s assignments and courses okay? Is the money halal? I mean it is technically, deceiving the professors though. (Then again, some people need that help and some of freelancer need that money). She wants to resume it but it she is not sure, please let me know soon as I want to help her.

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer: In reference to your query, freelancing is usually when a person offers their services for a fee; in this case offering the service of academic writing. When a student usually enrolls at a university, the university codes of honour and guidelines do specify that all work should undertaken by the student alone. Every student is required to sign a declaration that it is their work, otherwise they do not accept the essay. As the work of a freelancer explicitly goes against this agreement taken by the student, it will not be allowed to operate such freelancing service as this would fall under the ruling of deception and bribery,[1] as the essays etc would be passed off as the student’s own work when in actual fact are the freelancers work. There are verses in the Qur’an[2] and Ahadith [3] which clearly mention the prohibition of such. Due to this, the freelancing service in this case will not be allowed. The student also becomes sinful for paying someone to write their essay.

 

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

 

Written by:  Mufti Anas Mullah        Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam  

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] https://archive.org/details/FatawaMahmoodiyah-25Volumes-ByShaykhMuftiMahmoodHasanGangohir.a/FATAWA_MAHMOODIAH_VOL_18/page/n467/mode/1up

 

[2] Al qur’aan, 5:42

  أَكَّالُونَ لِلسُّحْتِ سَمَّاعُونَ لِلْكَذِبِ

 

Tafseer Qurtubi, vol 6 p183

وَقِيلَ: سُمِّيَ الْحَرَامُ سُحْتًا لِأَنَّهُ يَسْحَتُ مُرُوءَةَ الْإِنْسَانِ. قُلْتُ: وَالْقَوْلُ الْأَوَّلُ أَوْلَى، لِأَنَّ بِذَهَابِ الدِّينِ تَذْهَبُ الْمُرُوءَةُ، وَلَا مُرُوءَةَ لِمَنْ لَا دِينَ لَهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ وَغَيْرُهُ: السُّحْتُ الرُّشَا. وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: رِشْوَةُ الْحَاكِمِ مِنَ السُّحْتِ. وَعَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: (كُلُّ لَحْمٍ نَبَتَ بِالسُّحْتِ فَالنَّارُ أَوْلَى بِهِ) قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا السُّحْتُ؟ قَالَ: (الرِّشْوَةُ فِي الْحُكْمِ). وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَيْضًا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: السُّحْتُ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ الرَّجُلُ لِأَخِيهِ حَاجَةً فَيُهْدِيَ إِلَيْهِ هَدِيَّةً فَيَقْبَلُهَا. وَقَالَ ابْنُ خُوَيْزِ مَنْدَادٍ: مِنَ السُّحْتِ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ الرَّجُلُ بِجَاهِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ جَاهٌ عِنْدَ السُّلْطَانِ فَيَسْأَلُهُ إِنْسَانٌ حَاجَةً فَلَا يَقْضِيهَا إِلَّا بِرِشْوَةٍ يَأْخُذُهَا. وَلَا خِلَافَ بَيْنَ السَّلَفِ أَنَّ أَخْذَ الرِّشْوَةِ عَلَى إِبْطَالِ حَقٍّ أَوْ مَا لَا يَجُوزُ سُحْتٌ حَرَامٌ. 

 

[3]

مسند أحمد بن حنبل مسند العشرة المبشرين بالجنة

عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَعَنَ اللَّهُ آكِلَ الرِّبَا وَمُوكِلَهُ وَشَاهِدَيْهِ وَكَاتِبَهُ مَا ظَهَرَ فِي قَوْمٍ الرِّبَا وَالزِّنَا إِلَّا أَحَلُّوا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ عِقَابَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ