Scenting the Ihrām clothes whose fragrance remains after entering into Ihrām

30th June 2019

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: A person applies perfume to his Ihrām clothes and then enters into Ihrām.  Then he reaches the hotel in Makkah and takes off his Ihrām clothes to have a shower.  Then wears the same scented Ihrām clothes whose fragrance still remains.  Is this ok or is it akin to wearing scented clothes in Ihrām?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your query, as a general principle, if the scent applied is of a physical nature whereby its form i.e. colour and stain[1] remains on the Ihrām clothes after entering into Ihrām, then such Ihrām shall not be permissible to wear.[2] However, if the residue scent is not of such physical nature rather only its fragrance remains on the Ihrām,[3] then there is no harm and permissible to wear. Most perfumes nowadays are not of physical nature in which case no physical stain remains apart from the fragrance itself. For this reason, they would not incur a penalty even if the fragrance remains after entering into Ihrām.

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

Written by:  Maulana Anas Mullah     Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābul Hajj, Fasl fil Ihrām wa sifatil mufrid vol 2 p481

(قَوْلُهُ بِمَا تَبْقَى عَيْنُهُ) وَالْفَرْقُ بَيْنَ الثَّوْبِ وَالْبَدَنِ أَنَّهُ اُعْتُبِرَ فِي الْبَدَنِ تَابِعًا وَالْمُتَّصِلُ بِالثَّوْبِ مُنْفَصِلٌ عَنْهُ، وَأَيْضًا الْمَقْصُودُ مِنْ اسْتِنَانِهِ وَهُوَ حُصُولُ الِارْتِفَاقِ حَالَةَ الْمَنْعِ مِنْهُ حَاصِلٌ بِمَا فِي الْبَدَنِ فَأَغْنَى عَنْ تَجْوِيزِهِ فِي الثَّوْبِ نَهْرٌ

 

[2] Ibn Nujaym, Bahr Rāiq, Kitābul Hajj, Bāb al Ihrām, fasl fi Isti’maal at teebi. vol 2, p. 345

(قَوْلُهُ وَتَطَيَّبْ) أَيْ يُسَنُّ لَهُ اسْتِعْمَالُ الطِّيبِ فِي بَدَنِهِ قُبَيْلَ الْإِحْرَامِ أَطْلَقَهُ فَشَمِلَ مَا تَبْقَى عَيْنُهُ بَعْدَهُ كَالْمِسْكِ وَالْغَالِيَةِ، وَمَا لَا تَبْقَى لِحَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ «كُنْت أُطَيِّبُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – لِإِحْرَامِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُحْرِمَ» وَفِي لَفْظٍ لَهُمَا «كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إلَى وَبِيصِ الطِّيبِ فِي مَفْرِقِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – لِإِحْرَامِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُحْرِمَ» ، وَفِي لَفْظٍ لِمُسْلِمٍ «كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إلَى وَبِيصِ الْمِسْكِ» وَهُوَ الْبَرِيقُ وَاللَّمَعَانُ، وَكَرِهَهُ مُحَمَّدٌ بِمَا تَبْقَى عَيْنُهُ، وَالْحَدِيثُ حُجَّةٌ عَلَيْهِ وَقَيَّدْنَا بِالْبَدَنِ إذْ لَا يَجُوزُ التَّطَيُّبُ فِي الثَّوْبِ بِمَا تَبْقَى عَيْنُهُ عَلَى قَوْلِ الْكُلِّ عَلَى أَحَدِ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُمَا. قَالُوا وَبِهِ نَأْخُذُ وَالْفَرْقُ لَهُمَا بَيْنَهُمَا أَنَّهُ اُعْتُبِرَ فِي الْبَدَنِ تَابِعًا عَلَى الْأَصَحِّ، وَالْمُتَّصِلُ بِالثَّوْبِ مُنْفَصِلٌ عَنْهُ فَلَمْ يُعْتَبَرْ تَابِعًا وَالْمَقْصُودُ مِنْ اسْتِنَانِهِ حُصُولُ الِارْتِفَاقِ بِهِ حَالَةَ الْمَنْعِ مِنْهُ كَالسَّحُورِ لِلصَّوْمِ، وَهُوَ يَحْصُلُ بِمَا فِي الْبَدَنِ فَأَغْنَى عَنْ تَجْوِيزِهِ فِي الثَّوْبِ إذَا لَمْ يَقْصِدْ كَمَالَ الِارْتِفَاقِ حَالَةَ الْإِحْرَامِ؛ لِأَنَّ «الْحَاجَّ الشَّعِثُ التَّفِلُ» ، وَظَاهِرُ مَا فِي الْفَتَاوَى الظَّهِيرِيَّةِ أَنَّ مَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رِوَايَةٌ ضَعِيفَةٌ، وَأَنَّ مَشْهُورَ مَذْهَبِهِ كَمَذْهَبِهِمَا

 

[3] Fatawa Hindiyya, Kitābul Manasik, Bab fil Ihrām vol 2 p. 345

وَيَدَّهِنُ بِأَيِّ دُهْنٍ شَاءَ مُطَيِّبًا كَانَ أَوْ غَيْرَ مُطَيِّبٍ وَأَجْمَعُوا عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ التَّطَيُّبُ قَبْلَ الْإِحْرَامِ بِمَا لَا يَبْقَى عَيْنُهُ بَعْدَ الْإِحْرَامِ وَإِنْ بَقِيَتْ رَائِحَتُهُ، وَكَذَا التَّطَيُّبُ بِمَا يَبْقَى عَيْنُهُ بَعْدَ الْإِحْرَامِ كَالْمِسْكِ، وَالْغَالِيَةُ عِنْدَنَا لَا يُكْرَهُ فِي الرِّوَايَاتِ الظَّاهِرَةِ، كَذَا فِي فَتَاوَى قَاضِي خَانْ، وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ هَكَذَا فِي الْمُحِيطِ وَلَا يَجُوزُ التَّطَيُّبُ فِي الثَّوْبِ بِمَا يَبْقَى عَيْنُهُ عَلَى قَوْلِ الْكُلِّ عَلَى إحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُمَا قَالُوا: وَبِهِ نَأْخُذُ كَذَا فِي الْبَحْرِ الرَّائِقِ.

 

Father Passed Away Leaving Behind Wife, Four Sons & Four Daughters with Cash

27th June 2019

 

 السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Kindly calculate the following amount under the Islamic inheritance law. We have two separate amounts that needs calculating. My father left behind the following assets;

1) Cash amount in UK: £41,432.46

2) Cash amount in Bangladesh: 170,000 Taka. 

Could you please do a separate calculation for each of the above amounts. 

The qualifying recipients are; 

1) wife (ie my mother)

2) 4 sons 

3) 4 daughters 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to the above scenario, the inheritance amount of the above monetary value will be distributed among the aforementioned recipients as below if the above amount remains the residue after clearing all funeral expenses, clearing all outstanding debt and distributing one-third of will (if he made one that is).

Total asset will be divided by 96 parts from which

Wife: 1/8th of share; 12 parts

4 son & 4 daughters: receive the remainder 84 parts from which each son inherits double the share of the daughter. See Table below

 

 

Legal Beneficiaries Islamic Share Entitlement from 96 parts* Legal share in pounds Legal share in Takka
Wife 1/8th 12 £431.59 x 12 = £5,179.08 1770.83 x 12 =

21,249.96

Son 1 Each son inherits double the share of a daughter 14 £431.59 x 14 = £6,042.26 1770.83 x 14 =24,791.62

 

Son 2 14 £431.59 x 14 = £6,042.26 1770.83 x 14 =24,791.62

 

Son 3 14 £431.59 x 14 = £6,042.26 1770.83 x 14= 24,791.62

 

Son 4 14 £431.59 x 14 = £6,042.26 1770.83 x 14 = 24,791.62

 

Daughter 1   7 £431.59 x 7 = £3,021.13

 

1770.83 x 7 =

12,395.81

Daughter 2   7 £431.59 x 7 = £3,021.13 1770.83 x 7 =

12,395.81

Daughter 3   7 £431.59 x 7 = £3,021.13 1770.83 x 7 =

12,395.81

Daughter 4   7 £431.59 x 7 = £3,021.13 1770.83 x 7 =

12,395.81

 

*NB: the total asset will be divided by 96 parts and thereafter multiplied by the entitlement share. This will give you the total monetary figure of each person’s share.

£41,432.46  / 96 = £431.59

170,000 Taka / 96 = 1,770.83

 

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

Zakāt Revenue to fund Islamic Welfare Projects

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Marrying One’s Milk-Kinship Niece

Marrying One’s Milk-Kinship Niece

9th May 2019

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Khadeja breastfed Fatima when she was a child. Fatima is now grown up married and has children of her own. Khadeja has now passed away but expressed her desire before passing away that her son Khalid marries Fatima’s daughter, Zainab. My question is can Khalid marry Zainab? Bear in mind that apart from milk-kinship, Fatima had no blood ties with Khadeja.

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your query, Fatima is now classed as the sister of Khalid[1] as they had both been breastfed by the same women. Any relations to Fatima are now connected to Khalid as well, therefore Zainab is Khalid’s niece through milk-kinship relation [2], which means that the marriage between them is prohibited.[3]

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

Written by:  Apa Gul-e-Maryam       Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Hidaya,Kitab Ra’dah,Vol 1,Pg 218

وكل صبيين اجتمعا على ثدي امرأة واحدة لم يجز لأحدهما أن يتزوج بالأخرى ” هذا هو الأصل لأن أمهما واحدة فهما أخ وأخت “ولا يتزوج المرضعة أحد من ولد التي أرضعت ” لأنه أخوها ” ولا ولد ولدها ” لأنه ولد أخيه ” ولا يتزوج الصبي المرضع أخت زوج المرضعة ” لأنها عمته من الرضاع.

[2] Ibn Nujaym, Bahr Rāiq,Kitab Rad’ah, ol 3,Pg 242

 وَفِي فَتْحِ الْقَدِيرِ: ثُمَّ قَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ هَذَا الْإِخْرَاجُ تَخْصِيصٌ لِلْحَدِيثِ أَعْنِي «يَحْرُمُ مِنْ الرَّضَاعِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنْ النَّسَبِ» بِدَلِيلِ الْعَقْلِ، وَالْمُحَقِّقُونَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ تَخْصِيصًا لِأَنَّهُ أَحَالَ مَا يَحْرُمُ بِالرَّضَاعِ عَلَى مَا يَحْرُمُ بِالنَّسَبِ وَمَا يَحْرُمُ بِالنَّسَبِ هُوَ مَا تَعَلَّقَ بِهِ خِطَابُ تَحْرِيمِهِ وَقَدْ تَعَلَّقَ بِمَا عَبَّرَ عَنْهُ بِلَفْظِ الْأُمَّهَاتِ، وَالْبَنَاتِ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخَالَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُ الْأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ الْأُخْتِ فَمَا كَانَ مِنْ مُسَمَّى هَذِهِ الْأَلْفَاظِ مُتَحَقِّقًا مِنْ الرَّضَاعِ حَرُمَ فِيهِ، 

 Kasani, Badā’i Sanāi, Kitab ar Radhaa’, Fasl fil muhrimaat bir radhaa’, vol 4, p2/3

 وَالْأَصْلُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ اثْنَيْنِ اجْتَمَعَا عَلَى ثَدْيٍ وَاحِدٍ صَارَا أَخَوَيْنِ أَوْ أُخْتَيْنِ أَوْ أَخًا وَأُخْتًا مِنْ الرَّضَاعَةِ فَلَا يَجُوزُ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ بِالْآخَرِ وَلَا بِوَلَدِهِ كَمَا فِي النَّسَبِ،

[3] Fatawa Hindiyya,Kitab Rad’ah,Vol 1,Pg 343

يُحَرَّمُ عَلَى الرَّضِيعِ أَبَوَاهُ مِنْ الرَّضَاعِ وَأُصُولُهُمَا وَفُرُوعُهُمَا مِنْ النَّسَبِ وَالرَّضَاعِ جَمِيعًا حَتَّى أَنَّ الْمُرْضِعَةَ لَوْ وَلَدَتْ مِنْ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ قَبْلَ هَذَا الْإِرْضَاعِ أَوْ بَعْدَهُ أَوْ أَرْضَعَتْ رَضِيعًا أَوْ وُلِدَ لِهَذَا الرَّجُلِ مِنْ غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةِ قَبْلَ هَذَا الْإِرْضَاعِ أَوْ بَعْدَهُ أَوْ أَرْضَعَتْ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ لَبَنِهِ رَضِيعًا فَالْكُلُّ إخْوَةُ الرَّضِيعِ وَأَخَوَاتُهُ وَأَوْلَادُهُمْ أَوْلَادُ إخْوَتِهِ وَأَخَوَاتِهِ وَأَخُو الرَّجُلِ عَمُّهُ وَأُخْتُهُ عَمَّتُهُ وَأَخُو الْمُرْضِعَةِ خَالُهُ وَأُخْتُهَا خَالَتُهُ وَكَذَا فِي الْجَدِّ وَالْجَدَّةِ

Travelling for Hajj or Umrah with their Adoptive Father

6th May 2019

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Is it permissible for a girl to go for hajj/umrah with her father who adopted her? She was an orphan with no brothers or sisters and her mother died at birth.

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your query, the adopted father does not qualify as a mahram for this girl Islamically. [1] There is no blood relationship nor milk kinship[2] between the two which does not qualify the ‘father’ to be the mahram for her[3]. Therefore, she will not be allowed to go for hajj[4] or umrah with him.

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

Written by:  Maulana Anas Mullah     Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

 JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1]Ibn Nujaym, Bahr Rāiq, Kitāb al-Hajj, Bāb al-Shaheed, vol 2 p. 339

وَالْمَحْرَمُ مَنْ لَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ مُنَاكَحَتُهَا عَلَى التَّأْبِيدِ بِقَرَابَةٍ، أَوْ رَضَاعٍ، أَوْ مُصَاهَرَةٍ أَطْلَقَهُ فَشَمِلَ الْمُسْلِمَ وَالذِّمِّيَّ وَالْحُرَّ وَالْعَبْدَ

 

[2]Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al- Radhaa’, vol 1, p. 343

(وَمِنْهَا الْمَحْرَمُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ) شَابَّةً كَانَتْ أَوْ عَجُوزًاإذَا كَانَتْ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ مَكَّةَ مَسِيرَةُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ هَكَذَا فِي الْمُحِيطِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ حَجَّتْ بِغَيْرِ مَحْرَمٍ كَذَا فِي الْبَدَائِعِ وَالْمَحْرَمُ الزَّوْجُ، وَمَنْ لَا يَجُوزُ مُنَاكَحَتُهَا عَلَى التَّأْبِيدِ بِقَرَابَةٍ أَوْ رَضَاعٍ أَوْ مُصَاهَرَةٍ كَذَا فِي الْخُلَاصَةِ وَيُشْتَرَطُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَأْمُونًا عَاقِلًا بَالِغًا حُرًّا كَانَ أَوْ عَبْدًا كَافِرًا كَانَ أَوْ مُسْلِمًا

 

[3] Surah Al Ahzaab, 33:4

وَمَا جَعَلَ أَدْعِيَاءَكُمْ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ ۚ

[4] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb-ul-Hajj, vol 2 p. 464

(قَوْلُهُ وَمَعَ زَوْجٍ أَوْ مَحْرَمٍ) هَذَا وَقَوْلُهُ وَمَعَ عَدَمِ عِدَّةٍ عَلَيْهَا شَرْطَانِ مُخْتَصَّانِ بِالْمَرْأَةِ فَلِذَا قَالَ لِامْرَأَةٍ وَمَا قَبْلَهُمَا مِنْ الشُّرُوطِ مُشْتَرَكٌ وَالْمَحْرَمُ مَنْ لَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ مُنَاكَحَتُهَا عَلَى التَّأْبِيدِ بِقَرَابَةٍ أَوْ رَضَاعٍ أَوْ صِهْرِيَّةٍ كَمَا فِي التُّحْفَةِ

 

Irregular Bleeding Pattern whilst Observing Kaffarah Fast

29th April 2019

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: I had a query regarding a 60 day Kaffarah that I have started. My haydh (periods) have not been the usual habit and was recommended to consult a Mufti regarding my personal matter. I Started my Kaffarah 16th Nov 2018. My bleeding pattern is in the table below;

Periods start and end Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4
Bleeding

Started

24th Sept 17:15pm 27th Oct

18:40pm

27th Nov 8:07am

(ate at 8:30)

(ate again on the 28th Nov)

16th Dec 12:51pm
Bleeding

finished

1st Oct 21:32pm 3rd Nov   6:15am 29th Nov Finished

(but 2nd Dec spotting 17:34pm)

22nd Dec finished 13:10pm
Days of   bleeding 7 7 5 (if include the interrupted days that is) 6
Days of Cleanliness thereafter. 26 24 14

Apart from the days highlighted for my periods, I have not eaten during daylight hours. The Apas (who I initially consulted) calculated ‘time and place’ from my last known habit of 7N/26P and mentioned that the first 2 days of 27th Nov & 28th Nov were istihadha which meant that my Kaffarah is not valid any more a I was supposed to fast during these two days. Can you please advise me whether this is correct and to resume my Kaffarah fasts from the beginning or not?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

In reference to your query, the blood seen on 27th and 28th of November are considered your period blood. The spotting seen on 2nd of December is part of this period, hence this period lasted for 5 days. [1] As a point of principle, when a woman has fixed period days then the bleeding she sees in the following months (after her pure period) during her period days, if it is interrupted with pure days in between then all of the days will still be classed as period days. So, for instance, during your regular period days, if you see blood on the first or second day only, then stops and then see blood again after a day or two, then all are classed as periods. It is not necessary to see blood every day.[2]

A habit changes with the change of period bleeding, [3] so 5 days was your new habit at that time. Hence you did not break your Kaffarah (penalty) by eating on the 27th and 28th of November. The way the habit changes is that if a woman for instance, bled for more or less than her habitual days, but no more than 10 days and no less than 3 days, then the new number of days will be considered as her new habit. All the days will be regarded as period.[4] If she bled for more than 10 days, then she must refer back to her previous habit. All the extra days of bleeding will be considered as istihadha.[5]

On a side note, despite bleeding from 16th Dec (period 4), your menstrual bleeding started on 17th of December because full 15 days of cleanliness must pass for your next period, which in your case was the 17th. So, the blood seen on 16th was istihadha, hence observing a fast on that day was necessary for you.

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

Written by: Apa Sajeda      Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Approved by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department 

[1] Mufti Mahmood Ganghohi, Fatwa Mahmoodiya, Kitaab Al Tahara, Baab alhaidh, Vol 5, pg 200

سوال 1969: کسی عورت کو کبھی دو دن ،کبھی 3 دن لگاتر حیض آتا ہے پھر بلکل بند ہوجاتا ہے۔۔۔۔

Also see Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Beheshti Zewer, Chapter on Haydh, p. 167 masalah No:15

2 Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb at-Taharāt, Bāb fid dima mukhtas bin Nisa, vol 1, p. 41

الطُّهْرُ الْمُتَخَلِّلُ بَيْنَ الدَّمَيْنِ وَالدِّمَاءِ فِي مُدَّةِ الْحَيْضِ يَكُونُ حَيْضًا وَلَوْ خَرَجَ أَحَدُ الدَّمَيْنِ عَنْ مُدَّةِ الْحَيْضِ بِأَنْ رَأَتْ يَوْمًا دَمًا وَتِسْعَةً طُهْرًا وَيَوْمًا دَمًا مَثَلًا لَا يَكُونُ حَيْضًا؛ لِأَنَّ الدَّمَ الْأَخِيرَ لَمْ يُوجَدْ فِي مُدَّةِ الْحَيْضِ.وَلَا يَبْتَدِئُ الْحَيْضُ بِالطُّهْرِ عَلَى هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ وَلَا يُخْتَمُ بِهِ وَهِيَ رِوَايَةُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَرَوَى أَبُو يُوسُفَ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ أَنَّ الطُّهْرَ الْمُتَخَلِّلَ بَيْنَ الدَّمَيْنِ إذَا كَانَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا لَمْ يُفْصَلْ وَكَثِيرٌ مِنْ الْمُتَأَخِّرِينَ أَفْتَوْا بِهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ؛ لِأَنَّهَا أَسْهَلُ عَلَى الْمُفْتِي وَالْمُسْتَفْتِي. كَذَا فِي التَّبْيِينِ وَهَكَذَا فِي الزَّاهِدِيِّ وَالْأَخْذُ بِهَذَا أَيْسَرُ كَذَا فِي الْهِدَايَةِ وَعَلَيْهِ اسْتَقَرَّ رَأْيُ الصَّدْرِ الشَّهِيدِ حُسَامِ الدِّينِ وَبِهِ يُفْتَى. كَذَا فِي الْمُحِيطِ. فَإِنْ لَمْ يُجَاوِزْ الْعَشَرَةَ فَالطُّهْرُ وَالدَّمُ كِلَاهُمَا حَيْضٌ سَوَاءٌ كَانَتْ مُبْتَدَأَةً أَوْ مُعْتَادَةً وَإِنْ جَاوَزَ الْعَشَرَةَ فَفِي الْمُبْتَدَأَةِ حَيْضُهَا عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَفِي الْمُعْتَادَةِ مَعْرُوفَتُهَا فِي الْحَيْضِ حَيْضٌ وَالطُّهْرُ طُهْرٌ. هَكَذَا فِي السِّرَاجِ الْوَهَّاجِ.

Fathul Qadeer, Kitāb al Taharāt, Bāb al Haydh , vol 1 pg 172

أَنَّ اسْتِيعَابَ الدَّمِ مُدَّةَ الْحَيْضِ لَيْسَ بِشَرْطٍ بِالْإِجْمَاعِ فَيُعْتَبَرُ أَوَّلُهُ وَآخِرُهُ كَالنِّصَابِ فِي بَابِ الزَّكَاةِ

وَرَوَى ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ أَنَّهُ يُعْتَبَرُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الدَّمُ فِي الْعَشْرِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ زُفَرَ. وَرَوَى أَبُو يُوسُفَ عَنْهُ وَبِهِ أَخَذَ أَنَّ الطُّهْرَ إذَا كَانَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ لَا يُفْصَلُ. وَقِيلَ هُوَ آخِرُ أَقْوَالِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَعَلَيْهِ الْفَتْوَى.……… وَاخْتَلَفَ الْمَشَايِخُ عَلَى قَوْلِهِ فِيمَا إذَا اجْتَمَعَ طُهْرَانِ مُعْتَبَرَانِ وَصَارَ أَحَدُهُمَا حَيْضًا لِاسْتِوَاءِ الدَّمِ بِطَرَفَيْهِ حَتَّى صَارَ كَالدَّمِ الْمُتَوَالِي، فَقِيلَ يَتَعَدَّى حُكْمُهُ إلَى الطَّرَفِ الْأَخِيرِ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ الْكُلُّ حَيْضًا، وَقِيلَ لَا يَتَعَدَّى. قَالَ فِي الْمُحِيطِ: هُوَ الْأَصَحُّ. مِثَالُهُ: رَأَتْ يَوْمَيْنِ دَمًا وَثَلَاثَةً طُهْرًا وَيَوْمًا دَمًا وَثَلَاثَةً طُهْرًا وَيَوْمًا دَمًا فَعَلَى الْأَوَّلِ الْكُلُّ حَيْضٌ لِأَنَّ الطُّهْرَ الْأَوَّلَ دَمٌ لِاسْتِوَائِهِ بِدَمَيْهِ فَكَأَنَّهَا رَأَتْ سِتَّةً دَمًا وَأَرْبَعَةً طُهْرًا، وَعَلَى الثَّانِي السِّتَّةُ الْأُولَى حَيْضٌ فَقَطْ.

[3] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābul Taharah, Bāb Al-Haidh, vol 1 p. 301

 وَإِنْ كَانَتْ فِي الْحَيْضِ، فَإِنْ جَاوَزَ الْعَشَرَةَ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقَعْ فِي زَمَانِ الْعَادَةِ نِصَابٌ انْتَقَلَتْ زَمَانًا وَالْعَدَدُ بِحَالِهِ يُعْتَبَرُ مِنْ أَوَّلِ مَا رَأَتْ. وَإِنْ وَقَعَ فَالْوَاقِعُ فِي زَمَانِهَا فَقَطْ حَيْضٌ وَالْبَاقِي اسْتِحَاضَةٌ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الْوَاقِعُ مُسَاوِيًا لِعَادَتِهَا عَدَدًا فَالْعَادَةُ بَاقِيَةٌ وَإِلَّا انْتَقَلَتْ الْعَادَةُ عَدَدًا إلَى مَا رَأَتْهُ نَاقِصًا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُجَاوِزْ الْعَشَرَةَ فَالْكُلُّ حَيْضٌ. فَإِنْ لَمْ يَتَسَاوَيَا صَارَ الثَّانِي عَادَةً وَإِلَّا فَالْعَدَدُ بِحَالِهِ،

[4] Kasāni, Badā’i Sanāi, Kitāb al-Tahrah, Fasl al-Haidh , vol 1 p. 42-43

وَأَمَّا) صَاحِبَةُ الْعَادَّةِ فِي الْحَيْض إذَا كَانَتْ عَادَتُهَا عَشْرَةً فَزَادَ الدَّمُ عَلَيْهَا فَالزِّيَادَةُ اسْتِحَاضَةٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ عَادَتُهَا خَمْسَةً فَالزِّيَادَةُ عَلَيْهَا حَيْضٌ مَعَهَا إلَى تَمَامِ الْعَشَرَةِ لِمَا ذَكَرْنَا فِي الْمُبْتَدَأَةِ بِالْحَيْضِ، وَإِنْ جَاوَزَ الْعَشَرَةَ فَعَادَتُهَا حَيْضٌ، وَمَا زَادَ عَلَيْهَا اسْتِحَاضَةٌ لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – «الْمُسْتَحَاضَةُ تَدَعُ الصَّلَاةَ أَيَّامَ أَقْرَائِهَا» أَيْ: أَيَّامُ حَيْضِهَا، وَلِأَنَّ مَا رَأَتْ فِي أَيَّامِهَا حَيْضٌ بِيَقِينٍ، وَمَا زَادَ عَلَى الْعَشَرَةِ اسْتِحَاضَةٌ بِيَقِينٍ، وَمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ مُتَرَدِّدٌ بَيْنَ أَنْ يُلْحَقَ بِمَا قَبْلَهُ فَيَكُونُ حَيْضًا، فَلَا تُصَلِّي، وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يُلْحَقَ بِمَا بَعْدَهُ فَيَكُونُ اسْتِحَاضَةً فَتُصَلِّي، فَلَا تَتْرُكُ الصَّلَاةَ بِالشَّكِّ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا عَادَةٌ مَعْرُوفَةٌ بِأَنْ كَانَتْ تَرَى شَهْرًا سِتًّا، وَشَهْرًا سَبْعًا فَاسْتَمَرَّ بِهَا الدَّمُ فَإِنَّهَا تَأْخُذُ فِي حَقِّ الصَّلَاةِ، وَالصَّوْمِ، وَالرَّجْعَةِ بِالْأَقَلِّ، وَفِي حَقِّ انْقِضَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ، وَالْغَشَيَانِ بِالْأَكْثَرِ فَعَلَيْهَا إذَا رَأَتْ سِتَّةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي الِاسْتِمْرَارِ أَنْ تَغْتَسِلَ فِي الْيَوْمِ السَّابِعِ لِتَمَامِ السَّادِسِ، وَتُصَلِّيَ فِيهِ، وَتَصُومَ إنْ كَانَ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ لِأَنَّهُ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ السَّابِعُ حَيْضًا……

وَلَوْ كَانَتْ عَادَتُهَا خَمْسَةً فَحَاضَتْ سِتَّةً، ثُمَّ حَاضَتْ حَيْضَةً أُخْرَى سَبْعَةً، ثُمَّ حَاضَتْ حَيْضَةً أُخْرَى سِتَّةً فَعَادَتُهَا سِتَّةٌ بِالْإِجْمَاعِ حَتَّى يُبْنَى الِاسْتِمْرَارُ عَلَيْهَا أَمَّا عِنْدَ أَبِي يُوسُفَ فَلِأَنَّ الْعَادَةَ تَنْتَقِلُ بِالْمَرَّةِ الْوَاحِدَةِ، وَإِنَّمَا يُبْنَى الِاسْتِمْرَارُ عَلَى الْمَرَّةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ، لِأَنَّ الْعَادَةَ انْتَقَلَتْ إلَيْهَا.

[5] Ibn Nujaym, Bahr Rāiq, Kitāb al-taharah, Bāb al-Haidh, vol 1 p. 224

)قَوْلُهُ: وَلَوْ زَادَ الدَّمُ عَلَى أَكْثَرِ الْحَيْضِ وَالنِّفَاسِ فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى عَادَتِهَا اسْتِحَاضَةٌ) ؛ لِأَنَّ مَا رَأَتْهُ فِي أَيَّامِهَا حَيْضٌ بِيَقِينٍ وَمَا زَادَ عَلَى الْعَشَرَةِ اسْتِحَاضَةٌ بِيَقِينٍ وَمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ مُتَرَدِّدٌ بَيْنَ أَنْ يُلْحَقَ بِمَا قَبْلَهُ فَيَكُونَ حَيْضًا فَلَا تُصَلِّيَ وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يُلْحَقَ بِمَا بَعْدَهُ فَيَكُونَ اسْتِحَاضَةً فَتُصَلِّيَ فَلَا تَتْرُكُ الصَّلَاةَ بِالشَّكِّ فَيَلْزَمُهَا قَضَاءُ مَا تَرَكَتْ مِنْ الصَّلَاةِ وَالْمُرَادُ بِالْأَكْثَرِ عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَعَشْرُ لَيَالٍ فِي الْحَيْضِ حَتَّى إذَا كَانَ عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَتِسْعُ لَيَالٍ، ثُمَّ زَادَ الدَّمُ فَإِنَّهُ حَيْضٌ حَتَّى يَزِيدَ عَلَى لَيْلَةِ الْحَادِيَ عَشَرَ…..،

لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ زَادَ عَلَى الْعَادَةِ وَلَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى الْأَكْثَرِ فَالْكُلُّ حَيْضٌ اتِّفَاقًا بِشَرْطِ أَنْ يَكُونَ بَعْدَهُ طُهْرٌ صَحِيحٌ، وَإِنَّمَا قَيَّدْنَا بِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ عَادَتُهَا خَمْسَةَ أَيَّامٍ مَثَلًا مِنْ أَوَّلِ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ فَرَأَتْ سِتَّةَ أَيَّامٍ فَإِنَّ السَّادِسَ حَيْضٌ أَيْضًا، فَإِنْ طَهُرَتْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا، ثُمَّ رَأَتْ الدَّمَ فَإِنَّهَا تُرَدُّ إلَى عَادَتِهَا وَهِيَ خَمْسَةٌ وَالْيَوْمُ السَّادِسُ اسْتِحَاضَةٌ فَتَقْضِي مَا تَرَكَتْهُ فِيهِ مِنْ الصَّلَاةِ، كَذَا فِي السِّرَاجِ الْوَهَّاجِ، وَإِنَّمَا الْخِلَافُ فِي أَنَّهُ يَصِيرُ عَادَةً لَهَا أَوْ لَا إلَّا إنْ رَأَتْ فِي الثَّانِي كَذَلِكَ، وَهَذَا بِنَاءً عَلَى نَقْلِ الْعَادَةِ بِمَرَّةٍ أَوْ لَا فَعِنْدَهُمَا لَا وَعِنْدَ أَبِي يُوسُفَ نَعَمْ وَفِي الْخُلَاصَةِ وَالْكَافِي أَنَّ الْفَتْوَى عَلَى قَوْلِ أَبِي يُوسُفَ، وَإِنَّمَا تَظْهَرُ ثَمَرَةُ الِاخْتِلَافِ فِيمَا لَوْ اسْتَمَرَّ بِهَا الدَّمُ فِي الشَّهْرِ الثَّانِي فَعِنْدَ أَبِي يُوسُفَ يُقَدَّرُ حَيْضُهَا مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ مَا رَأَتْهُ آخِرًا وَعِنْدَهُمَا عَلَى مَا كَانَ قَبْلَهُ، كَذَا فِي فَتْحِ الْقَدِيرِ وَفِيهِ نَظَرٌ، بَلْ ثَمَرَةُ الِاخْتِلَافِ تَظْهَرُ أَيْضًا فِيمَا إذَا رَأَتْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْأَوَّلِ زِيَادَةً عَلَى عَادَتِهَا فَإِنَّ الْأَمْرَ مَوْقُوفٌ عِنْدَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ إنْ رَأَتْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الثَّانِي مِثْلَهُ فَهَذَا وَالْأَوَّلُ حَيْضٌ وَإِلَّا فَهُوَ اسْتِحَاضَةٌ وَقَالَا حَيْضٌ؛ لِأَنَّ أَبَا يُوسُفَ يَرَى نَقْضَ الْعَادَةِ بِمَرَّةٍ وَمُحَمَّدٌ يَرَى الْإِبْدَالَ إنْ أَمْكَنَ كَمَا صَرَّحَ بِهِ فِي الْكَافِي فِيمَا إذَا رَأَتْ يَوْمَيْنِ وَيَوْمًا قَبْلَهَا وَفِي الْفَتَاوَى الظَّهِيرِيَّةِ وَلَوْ رَأَتْ صَاحِبَةُ الْعَادَةِ قَبْلَ أَيَّامِهَا مَا يَكُونُ حَيْضًا وَفِي أَيَّامِهَا مَا لَا يَكُونُ حَيْضًا أَوْ رَأَتْ قَبْلَ أَيَّامِهَا مَا لَا يَكُونُ حَيْضًا وَفِي أَيَّامِهَا مَا لَا يَكُونُ حَيْضًا لَكِنْ إذَا جُمِعَا كَانَ حَيْضًا أَوْ رَأَتْ قَبْلَ أَيَّامِهَا مَا يَكُونُ حَيْضًا وَلَمْ تَرَ فِي أَيَّامِهَا شَيْئًا لَا يَكُونُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ حَيْضًا عِنْدَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَالْأَمْرُ مَوْقُوفٌ إلَى الشَّهْرِ الثَّانِي، فَإِنْ رَأَتْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الثَّانِي مَا رَأَتْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْأَوَّلِ يَكُونُ الْكُلُّ حَيْضًا وَعِنْدَهُمَا يَكُونُ حَيْضًا غَيْرَ أَنَّ عِنْدَ أَبِي يُوسُفَ بِطَرِيقِ الْعَادَةِ وَعِنْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ بِطَرِيقِ الْبَدَلِ، وَلَوْ رَأَتْ قَبْلَ أَيَّامِهَا مَا لَا يَكُونُ حَيْضًا وَفِي أَيَّامِهَا مَا يَكُونُ حَيْضًا فَالْكُلُّ حَيْضٌ بِالِاتِّفَاقِ وَيُجْعَلُ مَا قَبْلَ أَيَّامِهَا تَبَعًا لِأَيَّامِهَا وَلَوْ رَأَتْ قَبْلَ أَيَّامِهَا مَا يَكُونُ حَيْضًا وَفِي أَيَّامِهَا مَا يَكُونُ حَيْضًا فَعَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ رِوَايَتَانِ وَكَذَا الْحُكْمُ فِي الْمُتَأَخِّرِ غَيْرَ أَنَّهَا إذَا رَأَتْ فِي أَيَّامِهَا مَا يَكُونُ حَيْضًا وَبَعْدَ أَيَّامِهَا مَا لَا يَكُونُ حَيْضًا يَكُونُ الْكُلُّ حَيْضًا رِوَايَةً وَاحِدَةً عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ،   

What to do if a Woman starts Menstruating after the Ihrām of Umrah?

22nd April 2019

 

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: I’ve travelled for Umrah and put my Ihrām on. However, my bleeding started whilst I was on the plane after making the intention of Ihrām. My periods are for ten days and we will be staying in Makkah for five days only. What should I do? If I decide to break my Ihrām then what happens after that? And what if I remain in the state of Ihrām until I go to Madinah then can I come back to perform Umrah once I am clean? Please guide me in this matter.

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your query, you have two options; the first option is to remain in the state of Ihrām and go to Madinah Munawwarah until you become clean. After becoming clean, come back to Makkah Mukarramah in the same Ihrām and perform your Umrah. This is the correct option and should be done in the aforementioned situation. There is no penalty for leaving the boundaries of haram in the state of Ihrām.[1]

The second option is to break the Ihrām by cutting the hair and leave for Madinah. Once you become clean then put on your Ihrām and do qadha for the Umrah you breeched. This, however, is not the appropriate option but should you do it anyways then a dam (sacrifice of a sheep or goat) will be compulsory for breaking the Ihrām.[2]

 

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

Written by:  Apa Sajeda        Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam      

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Ibn Ābideen, Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābul Hajj, Bāb Al-Jinayaat Fil Hajj, vol 2 p. 554

فِيهِ رَدٌّ عَلَى صَاحِبِ الدُّرَرِ وَصَدْرِ الشَّرِيعَةِ وَابْنِ كَمَالٍ حَيْثُ أَطْلَقُوا وُجُوبَ الدَّمِ بِخُرُوجِهِ قَبْلَ التَّحَلُّلِ ثُمَّ رُجُوعِهِ، فَإِنَّ ذَاتَ الْخُرُوجِ مِنْ الْحَرَمِ لَا يَلْزَمُ الْمُحْرِمَ بِهِ شَيْء.

Ibn Humām, Fathul Qadeer, Kitāb al-Hajj,Bāb al-Jinayat, vol 3 p. 65

قَالَ (فَإِنْ لَمْ يُقَصِّرْ حَتَّى رَجَعَ وَقَصَّرَ فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ فِي قَوْلِهِمْ جَمِيعًا) مَعْنَاهُ: إذَا خَرَجَ الْمُعْتَمِرُ ثُمَّ عَادَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ أَتَى بِهِ فِي مَكَان فَلَا يَلْزَمُهُ ضَمَانُهُ.

[2] Kasāni, Badā’i Sanāi, Kitāb al-Hajj, Fasl Sharait jawaz Sa’ee, vol 2 p. 170

واالاصل فى جنس هذه المسائل ان كل من لزمه رفض عمرة فرفضها فعليه لرفضها دم النه تحلل منها قبل وقت التحلل فيلزمه الدم

كالمحصر و عليه عمرة مكانها قضاء النها قد وجبت عليه بالشروع فاذا افسدها يقضيها

Badruddin Al-ayni, Umdatul Qari, Kitāb al-Hajj, Bāb Al-Ia’timaar Ba’dalhajj Bighayri Hadyin, vol 10 p. 123

والرافضة عِنْده عَلَيْهَا دم للرفض، وَعَلَيْهَا عمرة

 

Swallowing the Saliva of one’s Spouse whilst Fasting

Swallowing the Saliva of one’s Spouse whilst Fasting

1st April 2019

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: If during Ramadhan fasting the husband and wife kiss and swallow each other’s saliva then does it necessitate both Qadha and Kaffarah or just Qadha?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

In reference to your query, if during Ramadhan whilst fasting the husband and wife kiss and end up swallowing each other’s saliva then both qadha (to make up) and kaffara (expiation) become necessary. [1]

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

Written by:  Apa Sajeda        Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb Al-Sawm, Bāb Ma Yufsidu Alsawm…, vol 2 p. 410

وَإِلَّا وَجَبَ الْقَضَاءُ فَقَطْ وَكَذَا لَوْ خَرَجَ الْبُزَاقُ مِنْ فَمِهِ، ثُمَّ ابْتَلَعَهُ وَكَذَا بُزَاقُ غَيْرِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مِمَّا يَعَافُ مِنْهُ وَلَوْ بُزَاقُ حَبِيبِهِ أَوْ صَدِيقِهِ وَجَبَتْ كَمَا ذَكَرَهُ الْحَلْوَانِيُّ؛   .

Fatawa Hindiyya, Kitāb Al-Sawm, Bāb Fi Ma Yufsidu …, vol 1 p. 203

وَلَوْ ابْتَلَعَ بُزَاقَ غَيْرِهِ فَسَدَ صَوْمُهُ بِغَيْرِ كَفَّارَةٍ إلَّا إذَا كَانَ بُزَاقَ صَدِيقِهِ فَحِينَئِذٍ تَلْزَمُهُ الْكَفَّارَةُ كَذَا فِي الْمُحِيطِ

Ibn Nujaym, Takmilah Bahr Rāiq, Masail Shatta, Masail Mutafariqatun Fi Qadha Siyaam Wasalaah., vol 8 p. 547

قَالَ – رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ – (وَلَوْ ابْتَلَعَ رِيقَ غَيْرِهِ كَفَّرَ لَوْ صَدِيقَهُ وَإِلَّا لَا) أَيْ لَوْ ابْتَلَعَ الصَّائِمُ رِيقَ غَيْرِهِ. فَإِنْ كَانَ بُزَاقَ صَدِيقِهِ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ صَدِيقَهُ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ دُونَ الْكَفَّارَةِ؛ لِأَنَّ الرِّيقَ تَعَافُّهُ النَّفْسُ وَتَسْتَقْذِرُهُ إذَا كَانَ مِنْ غَيْرِ صَدِيقِهِ فَصَارَ كَالْعَجِينِ وَنَحْوِهِ مِمَّا تَعَافُّهُ النَّفْسُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ صَدِيقِهِ لَا تَعَافُّهُ فَصَارَ كَالْخُبْزِ وَنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا تَشْتَهِيهِ الْأَنْفُسُ.

Mufti Mahmood Ganghohi, Fatwa Mahmoodiya, Kitaab Al Sawm, Roza ke Mufsidaat wa Makroohat, Vol 15, pg 163

Women Visiting the Graveyard

30th November 2018

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question:  Are women allowed to visit the dead at the graveyard? If so then what are the limits? Please clarify this matter in light of the Shariah sources.

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

The issue of women visiting graveyards has been a matter of dispute amongst the scholars due to the variant interpretations of the Ahādeeth in this regard. According to the Hanafi School, it is permissible for women to visit the graveyards with the intention of reminding oneself of the Hereafter or visiting their deceased relative. The supporting Ahādeeth on the Hanafi position are as follows;

  1. It is reported from Sayyidah Ā’isha radhiyallahu anha in a lengthy Hadeeth where she enquired from the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam of what supplication should be recited when visiting graves? He taught her, “Peace be upon you O the abode of the believers and what you were promised tomorrow has come quickly and we will meet you if Allāh Wills”.[1]

The fact that the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam taught her the supplication when entering the graveyards and did not reprimand her suggests that they are permitted to visit it. In the next Hadeeth she visits her brother’s grave.

  1. When Sayyidah Ā’isha radhiyallahu anha heard of the death of her brother, Sayyidunā Abdur Rahmān Ibn Abi Bakr radhiyallahu anhu then upon arriving in Makkah she proceeded to visit his grave (where he was buried).[2]
  2. Sayyidunā Anas Ibn Mālik radhiyallahu anhu relates that the Holy Prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam one day passed by a woman crying at a grave. He said to her, “Fear Allāh and observe patience.” She remarked, “Move away from me as you have not experienced my calamity.” She did not recognise him and (later) it was said to her that it was the Holy Prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam. She came to the Holy Prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam (to apologise) and he said to her, “Verily patience is at the first stroke.”[3]

Had it not been permissible for women to visit graveyards then the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam would surely prohibit her in clear terms, but instead advised her regarding patience.

  1. Sayyidunā Abdullāh Ibn Masood radhiyallahu anhu relates that the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam said, “I used to prevent you from visiting graves so now visit them as it will instil austerity for the world and remind you of the Hereafter.”[4]

Hanafi scholars understood the above ahadeeth in permitting women to visit the graveyards. Allāmah Haskafi rahimahullah states;

“(And there is nothing wrong in) visiting the graves and even for women due to the Hadeeth “I used to prevent you from visiting the graves so now visit them.” Another report includes at the end that visiting the grave reminds you of the Hereafter.

Allāmah Shāmi rahimahullah (a renowned Hanafi Jurist) comments that visiting the grave is preferable and although some have argued of the prohibition, the correct view is that permissibility is established for them also.[5]

It is understood from this Hadeeth that the underlying objective of visiting the graves (be it one’s relatives or otherwise) was to remind oneself of the Hereafter and eliminate all worldly pleasures. This applies to both men and women.

Having discussed the legality of the issue there certain conditions that women must follow when entering the graveyards. She must avoid behaving in a manner contrary to the Islamic teachings such as reviving the old tradition of ignorance such as wailing, crying and besotting aloud.[6] What should also be considered is that the laws of Hijab must be maintained when entering the graveyards such as (preferably) they are accompanied with a mahram, not to freely mix with the non-mahram males and to be covered properly. Visiting the graves should not be so frequent that is beyond necessity, otherwise every so often is fine. Innovated customs such as prostrating before graves, invoking to the dead, Khatams etc are all strictly forbidden and a sin.

Once all of the above conditions are fulfilled then women are allowed to visit graveyards. Those scholars who do not permit women to visit graveyards base their argument on the following Hadeeth;

Sayyidunā Abū Hurairah radhiyallahu anhu relates that the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam cursed those women who visit graves (Tirmizi).

This apparently conflicts with the above Ahādeeth that give concession to women.

Imām Tirmizi rahimahullah comments on this Hadeeth;

“Some scholars view this (Hadeeth) to imply before the concession granted by the Holy Prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam of visiting graves. When the concession was given then men and women were also included in this concession. Some have said that this prohibition is due to their lack of patience and excessive anxiety (when visiting the graves).”[7]

Imām Tirmizi rahimahullah indicates towards the different interpretation the scholars have given to this Hadeeth. Therefore, it will not be correct to ban women from visiting the graves with an unconditional application of the Hadeeth if the Hadeeth itself is open to different interpretations.

To conclude, it is equally important for women to draw themselves closer to Allāh Almighty by remembering death and Hereafter and eliminate worldly pleasures like in the case for men. If this objective can be achieved by visiting the graves then, in that case, there is no sin upon women visiting graveyards (and at times encouraged) provided that the above  Shar’ee conditions are met.

[Allãh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Saheeh Muslim, Book of Janaiz No:102

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – كُلَّمَا كَانَ لَيْلَتُهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – يَخْرُجُ مِنْ آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ، فَيَقُولُ: «السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ دَارَ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ، وَأَتَاكُمْ مَا تُوعَدُونَ غَدًا، مُؤَجَّلُونَ، وَإِنَّا، إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ، بِكُمْ لَاحِقُونَ، اللهُمَّ، اغْفِرْ لِأَهْلِ بَقِيعِ الْغَرْقَدِ»

[2] Tirmizi, Abwab Janaiz, No: 1055

عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، قَالَ: تُوُفِّيَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ بِحُبْشِيٍّ قَالَ: فَحُمِلَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَدُفِنَ فِيهَا، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَتْ عَائِشَةُ أَتَتْ قَبْرَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَتْ:

وَكُنَّا كَنَدْمَانَيْ جَذِيمَةَ حِقْبَةً … مِنَ الدَّهْرِ حَتَّى قِيلَ لَنْ يَتَصَدَّعَا،

فَلَمَّا تَفَرَّقْنَا كَأَنِّي وَمَالِكًا … لِطُولِ اجْتِمَاعٍ لَمْ نَبِتْ لَيْلَةً مَعَا،

ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: «وَاللَّهِ لَوْ حَضَرْتُكَ مَا دُفِنْتَ إِلَّا حَيْثُ مُتَّ، وَلَوْ شَهِدْتُكَ مَا زُرْتُكَ»

[3] Saheeh Bukhari, Book of Janaiz, No.1283

عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: مَرَّ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِامْرَأَةٍ تَبْكِي عِنْدَ قَبْرٍ، فَقَالَ: «اتَّقِي اللَّهَ وَاصْبِرِي» قَالَتْ: إِلَيْكَ عَنِّي، فَإِنَّكَ لَمْ تُصَبْ بِمُصِيبَتِي، وَلَمْ تَعْرِفْهُ، فَقِيلَ لَهَا: إِنَّهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَتَتْ بَابَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَلَمْ تَجِدْ عِنْدَهُ بَوَّابِينَ، فَقَالَتْ: لَمْ أَعْرِفْكَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا الصَّبْرُ عِنْدَ الصَّدْمَةِ الأُولَى»

[4] Tirmizi, Abwab Janaiz, No: 1054

عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «قَدْ كُنْتُ نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْ زِيَارَةِ القُبُورِ، فَقَدْ أُذِنَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ فِي زِيَارَةِ قَبْرِ أُمِّهِ، فَزُورُوهَا فَإِنَّهَا تُذَكِّرُ الآخِرَةَ»

[5] Raddul Muhtār p. 150, vol 3

وَبِزِيَارَةِ الْقُبُورِ وَلَوْ لِلنِّسَاءِ لِحَدِيثِ «كُنْت نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْ زِيَارَةِ الْقُبُورِ أَلَا فَزُورُوهَا» وَيَقُولُ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ دَارَ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ، وَإِنَّا إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ بِكُمْ لَاحِقُونَ

(قَوْلُهُ وَبِزِيَارَةِ الْقُبُورِ) أَيْ لَا بَأْسَ بِهَا، بَلْ تُنْدَبُ كَمَا فِي الْبَحْرِ عَنْ الْمُجْتَبَى، فَكَانَ يَنْبَغِي التَّصْرِيحُ بِهِ لِلْأَمْرِ بِهَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْمَذْكُورِ كَمَا فِي الْإِمْدَادِ، وَتُزَارُ فِي كُلِّ أُسْبُوعٍ كَمَا فِي مُخْتَارَاتِ النَّوَازِلِ………. (قَوْلُهُ: وَلَوْ لِلنِّسَاءِ) وَقِيلَ: تَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِنَّ. وَالْأَصَحُّ أَنَّ الرُّخْصَةَ ثَابِتَةٌ لَهُنَّ بَحْرٌ، وَجَزَمَ فِي شَرْحِ الْمُنْيَةِ بِالْكَرَاهَةِ لِمَا مَرَّ فِي اتِّبَاعِهِنَّ الْجِنَازَةَ.

[6] Raddul Muhtār p. 150, vol 3

وَقَالَ الْخَيْرُ الرَّمْلِيُّ: إنْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ لِتَجْدِيدِ الْحُزْنِ وَالْبُكَاءِ وَالنَّدْبِ عَلَى مَا جَرَتْ بِهِ عَادَتُهُنَّ فَلَا تَجُوزُ، وَعَلَيْهِ حُمِلَ حَدِيثُ «لَعَنَ اللَّهُ زَائِرَاتِ الْقُبُورِ» وَإِنْ كَانَ لِلِاعْتِبَارِ وَالتَّرَحُّمِ مِنْ غَيْرِ بُكَاءٍ وَالتَّبَرُّكِ بِزِيَارَةِ قُبُورِ الصَّالِحِينَ فَلَا بَأْسَ إذَا كُنَّ عَجَائِزَ. وَيُكْرَهُ إذَا كُنَّ شَوَابَّ كَحُضُورِ الْجَمَاعَةِ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ اهـ وَهُوَ تَوْفِيقٌ حَسَنٌ

[7] Tirmizi, Abwab Janaiz, No: 1056

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَعَنَ زَوَّارَاتِ القُبُورِ وَفِي البَاب عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَحَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ.: «هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ» وَقَدْ رَأَى بَعْضُ أَهْلِ العِلْمِ أَنَّ هَذَا كَانَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُرَخِّصَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي زِيَارَةِ القُبُورِ، فَلَمَّا رَخَّصَ دَخَلَ فِي رُخْصَتِهِ الرِّجَالُ وَالنِّسَاءُ، وقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّمَا كُرِهَ زِيَارَةُ القُبُورِ لِلنِّسَاءِ لِقِلَّةِ صَبْرِهِنَّ وَكَثْرَةِ جَزَعِهِنَّ