Author: jknfatawa1

Purchasing a Restaurant from Unlawful Money

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Purchasing a Restaurant from Unlawful Money

17th July 2017

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: A Muslim individual used to deal with drugs many years ago. He has now repented and used the drugs money to open an alcohol free restaurant. My question is, is the income generated from the restaurant be lawful even if it was purchased from unlawful income?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to the above scenario, there are two issues here; the first being the ruling of selling drugs and the second, utilising the money received from selling drugs. A transaction where there is a direct connection with sin renders it an impermissible transaction.[1] Selling drug powder for intoxication purpose is not permissible and as a result, the income received will be unlawful. However, transacting in drugs is not the same as selling alcohol due to their dissimilarity in nature as in, alcohol is najis (impure) in itself whereas drugs powder is pure. The prohibition of drugs lies only in consuming it for unlawful purposes. Because of their subtle differences, the implications of both rulings are different so selling alcohol renders the transaction as Bātil (invalid) giving no ownership of the wealth whereas drugs is Makrooh Tahreemi allowing ownership of the wealth albeit through sinful means.[2] What he should have done was to give it away into charity without the intention of reward. Nevertheless, when ownership over that income is established and he decides to purchase a building to open up an alcohol-free restaurant, then the income generated from the restaurant will be considered Halāl. The former transaction (trading in drugs) has no legal effect on the subsequent transaction of serving food.[3]

 

 [Allãh Knows Best]

 

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Ibn Ābideen Shāmi Kitāb al-Hadhr wal Ibāhat, 391/6 – shamila

وَقَدَّمْنَا ثَمَّةَ مَعْزِيًّا لِلنَّهْرِ أَنَّ مَا قَامَتْ الْمَعْصِيَةُ بِعَيْنِهِ يُكْرَهُ بَيْعُهُ تَحْرِيمًا وَإِلَّا فَتَنْزِيهًا. فَلْيُحْفَظْ تَوْفِيقًا.

[2] Ibn Nujaym, Bahr Raiq wa Hashiyah, Kitāb al-Buyoo, p.429-30, vol 5

وَالْمَالِيَّةُ إنَّمَا ثَبَتَ بِتَمَوُّلِ النَّاسِ كَافَّةً أَوْ بِتَقَوُّمِ الْبَعْضِ وَالتَّقَوُّمُ يَثْبُتُ بِهَا وَبِإِبَاحَةِ الِانْتِفَاعِ لَهُ شَرْعًا فَمَا يَكُونُ مُبَاحَ الِانْتِفَاعِ بِدُونِ تَمَوُّلِ النَّاسِ لَا يَكُونُ مَالًا كَحَبَّةِ حِنْطَةٍ وَمَا يَكُونُ مَالًا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يَكُونُ مُبَاحَ الِانْتِفَاعِ لَا يَكُونُ مُتَقَوِّمًا كَالْخَمْرِ، وَإِذَا عُدِمَ الْأَمْرُ إنْ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا كَالدَّمِ. اهـ.وَصَرَّحَ فِي الْمُحِيطِ بِأَنَّ الْخَمْرَ لَيْسَ بِمَالٍ وَأَنَّ الْعَقْدَ عَلَيْهِ لَمْ يَنْعَقِدْ بِخِلَافِ مَا لَوْ بَاعَ شَيْئًا بِخَمْرٍ، فَإِنَّهُ يَنْعَقِدُ فِي ذَلِكَ الشَّيْءِ بِالْقِيمَةِ وَسَيَأْتِي بَيَانُهُ إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ

(قَوْلُهُ لَا يَكُونُ مُتَقَوِّمًا كَالْخَمْرِ) قَالَ الرَّمْلِيُّ رُبَّمَا يُفِيدُ عَدَمَ جَوَازِ بَيْعِ الْحَشِيشَةِ؛ لِأَنَّهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مَالًا لَكِنْ لَا يُبَاحُ فِي الشَّرْعِ الِانْتِفَاعُ بِهَا وَبِهِ أَفْتَى مَوْلَانَا صَاحِبُ الْبَحْرِ اهـ.غَزِّيٌّ وَأَقُولُ: لَا نُسَلِّمُ عَدَمَ جَوَازِ الِانْتِفَاعِ بِهَا لِغَيْرِ الْأَكْلِ لِكَوْنِهَا طَاهِرَةً بِخِلَافِ الْخَمْرِ لِكَوْنِهَا نَجِسَةً فَتَأَمَّلْ اهـ.

 

Kasāni, Badai Sanai, Fasl Fi Ma Yarji’u il Ma’qood Alayhi, p. 560 vol 6

وَيَجُوزُ بَيْعُ مَا سِوَى الْخَمْرِ مِنْ الْأَشْرِبَةِ الْمُحَرَّمَةِ كَالسُّكَّرِ، وَنَقِيعِ الزَّبِيبِ، وَالْمُنَصَّفِ، وَنَحْوِهَا عِنْدَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، وَعِنْدَ أَبِي يُوسُفَ، وَمُحَمَّدٍ: لَا يَجُوزُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ إذَا حَرُمَ شُرْبُهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ مَالًا فَلَا تَكُونُ مَحَلًّا لِلْبَيْعِ كَالْخَمْرِ، وَلِأَنَّ مَا حَرُمَ شُرْبُهُ لَا يَجُوزُ بَيْعُهُ لِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ – عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ – أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ الشُّحُومُ فَجَمَّلُوهَا، وَبَاعُوهَا، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ إذَا حَرَّمَ شَيْئًا حَرَّمَ بَيْعَهُ، وَأَكْلَ ثَمَنِهِ» وَلِأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ – رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ – أَنَّ حُرْمَةَ هَذِهِ الْأَشْرِبَةِ مَا ثَبَتَتْ بِدَلِيلٍ مُتَيَقَّنٍ مَقْطُوعٍ بِهِ لِكَوْنِهَا مَحَلَّ الِاجْتِهَادِ وَالْمَالِيَّةُ قَبْلَ حُدُوثِ الشِّدَّةِ كَانَتْ ثَابِتَةً بِيَقِينٍ فَلَا تَبْطُلُ بِحُرْمَةٍ ثَابِتَةٍ بِالِاجْتِهَادِ فَبَقِيَتْ أَمْوَالًا، وَبِهِ تَبَيَّنَ أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ مِنْ الْحَدِيثِ مُحَرَّمٌ، ثَبَتَتْ حُرْمَتُهُ بِدَلِيلٍ مَقْطُوعٍ بِهِ، وَلَمْ يُوجَدْ هَهُنَا بِخِلَافِ الْخَمْرِ؛ لِأَنَّ حُرْمَتَهَا ثَبَتَتْ بِدَلِيلٍ مَقْطُوعٍ بِهِ فَبَطَلَتْ مَالِيَّتُهَا، وَاَللَّهُ – سُبْحَانَهُ، وَتَعَالَى – أَعْلَمُ

Ibn Ābideen Shāmi Kitāb al-Hadhr wal Ibāhat 454/6 – Shamila

(وَصَحَّ بَيْعُ غَيْرِ الْخَمْرِ) مِمَّا مَرَّ، وَمُفَادُهُ صِحَّةُ بَيْعِ الْحَشِيشَةِ وَالْأَفْيُونِ.قُلْت: وَقَدْ سُئِلَ ابْنُ نُجَيْمٍ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْحَشِيشَةِ هَلْ يَجُوزُ؟ فَكَتَبَ لَا يَجُوزُ، فَيُحْمَلُ عَلَى أَنَّ مُرَادَهُ بِعَدَمِ الْجَوَازِ عَدَمُ الْحِلِّ. قَالَ الْمُصَنِّفُ

(قَوْلُهُ وَصَحَّ بَيْعُ غَيْرِ الْخَمْرِ) أَيْ عِنْدَهُ خِلَافًا لَهُمَا فِي الْبَيْعِ وَالضَّمَانِ، لَكِنَّ الْفَتْوَى عَلَى قَوْلِهِ فِي الْبَيْعِ، وَعَلَى قَوْلِهِمَا فِي الضَّمَانِ إنْ قَصَدَ الْمُتْلِفُ الْحِسْبَةَ وَذَلِكَ يُعْرَفُ بِالْقَرَائِنِ، وَإِلَّا فَعَلَى قَوْلِهِ كَمَا فِي التَّتَارْخَانِيَّة وَغَيْرِهَا.ثُمَّ إنَّ الْبَيْعَ وَإِنْ صَحَّ لَكِنَّهُ يُكْرَهُ كَمَا فِي الْغَايَةِ وَكَانَ يَنْبَغِي لِلْمُصَنِّفِ ذِكْرُ ذَلِكَ قُبَيْلَ الْأَشْرِبَةِ الْمُبَاحَةِ، فَيَقُولُ بَعْدَ قَوْلِهِ وَلَا يَكْفُرُ مُسْتَحِلُّهَا: وَصَحَّ بَيْعُهَا إلَخْ كَمَا فَعَلَهُ فِي الْهِدَايَةِ وَغَيْرِهَا، لِأَنَّ الْخِلَافَ فِيهَا لَا فِي الْمُبَاحَةِ أَيْضًا إلَّا عِنْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ فِيمَا يَظْهَرُ مِمَّا يَأْتِي مِنْ قَوْلِهِ بِحُرْمَةِ كُلِّ الْأَشْرِبَةِ وَنَجَاسَتِهَا تَأَمَّلْ.

 

Ibn Ābideen Shāmi Kitāb al-Buyoo. Bāb Bai al-Fāsid, p.233 vol 7

(قَوْلُهُ الْمُرَادُ بِالْفَاسِدِ الْمَمْنُوعُ إلَخْ) قَدْ عَلِمْت أَنَّ الْفَاسِدَ مُبَايِنٌ لِلْبَاطِلِ؛؛ لِأَنَّ مَا كَانَ مَشْرُوعًا بِأَصْلِهِ فَقَطْ يُبَايِنُ مَا لَيْسَ بِمَشْرُوعٍ أَصْلًا. وَأَيْضًا حُكْمُ الْفَاسِدِ أَنَّهُ يُفِيدُ الْمِلْكَ بِالْقَبْضِ وَالْبَاطِلُ لَا يُفِيدُهُ أَصْلًا

 

[3] Ibn Ābideen Shāmi Kitāb al-Buyoo. Bāb Bai al-Fāsid, p.298 vol 7

(فَيَأْخُذُ) الْمُشْتَرِي (دَرَاهِمَ الثَّمَنِ بِعَيْنِهَا لَوْ قَائِمَةً، وَمِثْلَهَا لَوْ هَالِكَةً) بِنَاءً عَلَى تَعَيُّنِ الدَّرَاهِمِ فِي الْبَيْعِ الْفَاسِدِ وَهُوَ الْأَصَحُّ (وَ) إنَّمَا (طَابَ لِلْبَائِعِ مَا رَبِحَ) فِي الثَّمَنِ لَا عَلَى الرِّوَايَةِ الصَّحِيحَةِ الْمُقَابِلَةِ لِلْأَصَحِّ، بَلْ عَلَى الْأَصَحِّ أَيْضًا لِأَنَّ الثَّمَنَ فِي الْعَقْدِ الثَّانِي غَيْرُ مُتَعَيِّنٌ، وَلَا يَضُرُّ تَعْيِينُهُ فِي الْأَوَّلِ كَمَا أَفَادَهُ سَعْدِيٌّ (لَا) يَطِيبُ (لِلْمُشْتَرِي) مَا رَبِحَ فِي بَيْعٍ يَتَعَيَّنُ بِالتَّعْيِينِ بِأَنْ بَاعَهُ بِأَزْيَدَ لِتَعَلُّقِ الْعَقْدِ بِعَيْنِهِ فَتَمَكَّنَ الْخُبْثُ فِي الرِّبْحِ فَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ

(قَوْلُ الْمُصَنِّفِ وَطَابَ لِلْبَائِعِ مَا رَبِحَ لَا لِلْمُشْتَرِي) صُورَةُ الْمَسْأَلَةِ مَا ذَكَرَهُ مُحَمَّدٌ فِي الْجَامِعِ الصَّغِيرِ: اشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ جَارِيَةً بَيْعًا فَاسِدًا بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَتَقَابَضَا وَرَبِحَ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا فِيمَا قَبَضَ يَتَصَدَّقُ الَّذِي قَبَضَ الْجَارِيَةَ بِالرِّبْحِ وَيَطِيبُ الرِّبْحُ لِلَّذِي قَبَضَ الدَّرَاهِمَ اهـ. وَقَوْلُ الشَّارِحِ وَإِنَّمَا طَابَ إلَخْ أَوْرَدَهُ فِي صُورَةِ جَوَابٍ عَمَّا اسْتَشْكَلَهُ صَدْرُ الشَّرِيعَةِ وَصَاحِبُ الْعِنَايَةِ وَالْفَتْحِ وَالدُّرَرِ وَالْبَحْرِ وَالْمِنَحِ وَغَيْرُهُمْ، مِنْ أَنَّ الْمَذْكُورَ فِي الْمُتُونِ مِنْ أَنَّ الرِّبْحَ يَطِيبُ لِلْبَائِعِ فِي الثَّمَنِ النَّقْدِ هُوَ الْمُوَافِقُ لِلرِّوَايَةِ الْمَنْصُوصَةِ فِي الْجَامِعِ الصَّغِيرِ، وَهُوَ صَرِيحٌ فِي أَنَّ الدَّرَاهِمَ لَا تَتَعَيَّنُ فِي الْبَيْعِ الْفَاسِدِ فَيُنَاقِضُ قَوْلَهُمْ إنَّ تَعَيُّنَهَا فِيهِ هُوَ الْأَصَحُّ فَإِنَّهُ يَقْتَضِي أَنَّ الْأَصَحَّ أَنَّهُ لَا يَطِيبُ الرِّبْحُ لِلْبَائِعِ فِيمَا قَبَضَ.

وَقَدْ أَجَابَ الْعَلَّامَةُ سَعْدِي جَلَبِي فِي حَاشِيَةِ الْعِنَايَةِ بِمَا أَشَارَ إلَيْهِ الشَّارِحُ وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ يَطِيبُ عَلَى كُلٍّ مِنْ الْقَوْلَيْنِ؛ لِأَنَّ عَدَمَ التَّعْيِينِ إنَّمَا هُوَ فِي الْعَقْدِ الثَّانِي الصَّحِيحِ لَا فِي الْعَقْدِ الْأَوَّلِ الْفَاسِدِ اهـ. وَبَيَانُهُ أَنَّهُ إذَا بَاعَ فَاسِدًا وَقَبَضَ دَرَاهِمَ الثَّمَنِ ثُمَّ فَسَخَ الْعَقْدَ يَجِبُ رَدُّ تِلْكَ الدَّرَاهِمِ بِعَيْنِهَا عَلَى الْمُشْتَرِي؛ لِأَنَّ الْأَصَحَّ تَعَيُّنُهَا فِي الْبَيْعِ الْفَاسِدِ؛ فَلَوْ اشْتَرَى بِهَا عَبْدًا مَثَلًا شِرَاءً صَحِيحًا طَابَ لَهُ مَا رَبِحَ؛ لِأَنَّهَا لَا تَتَعَيَّنُ فِي هَذَا الْعَقْدِ الثَّانِي لِكَوْنِهِ عَقْدًا صَحِيحًا، حَتَّى لَوْ أَشَارَ إلَيْهَا وَقْتَ الْعَقْدِ لَهُ دَفْعُ غَيْرِهَا فَعَدَمُ تَعَيُّنِهَا فِي هَذَا الْعَقْدِ الصَّحِيحِ لَا يُنَافِي كَوْنَ الْأَصَحِّ تَعَيُّنَهَا فِي الْعَقْدِ الْفَاسِدِ. وَقَدْ أَجَابَ الْعَلَّامَةُ الْخَيْرُ الرَّمْلِيُّ بِمِثْلِ مَا أَجَابَ الْعَلَّامَةُ سَعْدِي قَبْلَ اطِّلَاعِهِ عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ إنِّي فِي عَجَبٍ عَجِيبٍ مِنْ فَهْمِ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَجِلَّاءِ التَّنَاقُضَ مِنْ مِثْلِ هَذَا مَعَ ظُهُورِهِ.

 

Zakāt on Child’s Trust Fund

jknfatawa1 Zakat & Charity

21st June 2017

 

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Please can you help me in the following matter. A few years ago the government was giving vouchers which they used to open a child trust fund account for the child. Since then I have been putting in money to save each month. The account was with children mutual Shari’ah account and now as it has closed down and now been transferred to foresters financial Shari’ah account.  Is this allowed in Islam being in a Shari’ah account? If so then how do I calculate Zakāt on it?  Do I pay on the amount I put in over the years, or what its value is worth after they invest some funds keeping in mind that the value fluctuates all the time?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

Just to be clear here that the government has now replaced Child Trust Fund (CTF) with Junior Individual Savings Accounts (ISA), so the term CTF no longer exists. The Islamic ruling on Zakāt does not differ, however. This is more or less the same as forester’s financial Shari’ah account, in that it isn’t much different from the government scheme of trust funds or savings account. It is an investment scheme on the child’s savings starting with the initial voucher paid by the government towards the child. The service provider uses the child’s savings to invest in various other stocks and shares so to accrue profit on the original savings. Family and relatives have the option to contribute funds towards the child’s savings. By law, the child can only access his or her account at the age of 18 but until then, it is the parents or legal guardian who manages their account.[1]

From the Shar’ee point of view, the initial voucher paid by the government is considered an atiyyah (gift). The child who is the account holder is considered the mālik (owner) whilst the parents or guardian act as a mutawalli (guardians who merely manage the account) until the child reaches 18 years of age, after which the child now takes full control over the savings, presumably because he/she is now mature and intelligent enough to manage their own account.[2]

What is important is the stocks and shares in which the savings are invested must be Halāl. The information obtained from the Shari’ah savings accounts website suggests that the investment is Shari’ah compliant, therefore permissible.[3] In regards to calculating Zakāt then since the child is considered the mālik over the savings account, he or she is not obliged to pay Zakāt until they reach buloogh otherwise before that, Zakāt won’t be necessary.[4]

Another condition for the necessity of Zakāt is having possession over the Zakātable assets upon the elapsing of a complete lunar year. In your case however, as the savings belong to the child, they gain access to the savings at the age of 18 which by then they have already attained buloogh. They become responsible for paying Zakāt from the year they are given access to the funds provided it reaches to the nisab level. The ruling on paying Zakāt over the previous years however depends on the accessibility over the savings before the age of 18.  The fact that the child is choosing to invest his funds, it could be argued that there is some element of control although the child accesses the funds at a certain age. Hence, the child will be responsible to pay Zakāt over the previous years from the age of buloogh.

 

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

 

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

 

[1] https://www.gov.uk/junior-individual-savings-accounts

https://www.moneyadviceservice.org.uk/en/articles/junior-isas

 

[2] Ahkāmul Qur’ān Jassas p. 359 vol 2

أنه لا يجوز له إمساك ماله بعد ما يَصِيرُ فِي حَدِّ الْكِبَرِ وَلَوْلَا ذَلِكَ لَمَا كان لذكر الكبر هاهنا مَعْنًى إذْ كَانَ الْوَالِي عَلَيْهِ هُوَ الْمُسْتَحِقُّ لِمَالِهِ قَبْلَ الْكِبَرِ وَبَعْدَهُ فَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إذَا صَارَ فِي حَدِّ الْكِبَرِ اسْتَحَقَّ دَفْعَ الْمَالِ إلَيْهِ

Tafseer Qurtubi p. 37 vol 5

وَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: لَا يُحْجَرُ عَلَى الْحُرِّ الْبَالِغِ إِذَا بَلَغَ مَبْلَغَ الرِّجَالِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ أَفْسَقَ النَّاسِ وَأَشَدَّهُمْ تَبْذِيرًا إِذَا كَانَ عَاقِلًا.

السَّادِسَةُ إِذَا ثَبَتَ هَذَا فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ دَفْعَ الْمَالِ يَكُونُ بِشَرْطَيْنِ: إِينَاسُ الرُّشْدِ وَالْبُلُوغُ، فَإِنْ وُجِدَ أَحَدُهُمَا دُونَ الْآخَرِ لَمْ يَجُزْ تَسْلِيمُ الْمَالِ، كَذَلِكَ نَصُّ الْآيَةِ. وَهُوَ رِوَايَةُ ابْنِ الْقَاسِمِ وَأَشْهَبَ وَابْنِ وَهْبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ فِي الْآيَةِ.

[3] http://www.islamicmortgages.co.uk/index.php?id=218

[4] Ibn Ābideen Shami, Kitāb Zakāt, vol 3, p. 173

(وَشَرْطُ افْتِرَاضِهَا عَقْلٌ وَبُلُوغٌ )

(قَوْلُهُ عَقْلٌ وَبُلُوغٌ) فَلَا تَجِبُ عَلَى مَجْنُونٍ وَصَبِيٍّ لِأَنَّهَا عِبَادَةٌ مَحْضَةٌ وَلَيْسَا مُخَاطَبَيْنِ بِهَا، وَإِيجَابُ النَّفَقَاتِ وَالْغَرَامَاتِ لِكَوْنِهَا مِنْ حُقُوقِ الْعِبَادِ وَالْعُشْرِ، وَصَدَقَةِ الْفِطْرِ لِأَنَّ فِيهِمَا مَعْنَى الْمُؤْنَةِ

Attaining Precision When Facing the Qiblah

jknfatawa1 Salah

15th May 2017

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: At the University we were granted the purpose-built prayer room. At the time the Qiblah was measured by the union and Islamic societies and was decided it would be straight just like the rest of the masjids in that area. Recently a group of students have used a phone compass which suggests the Qiblah is slightly off the mark and is not hundred percent accurate. As we all know nothing can be 100% accurate so is there any leniency in this matter and what is the ruling of the other schools of thought? 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

With the exception of the Shāfi’ee school, the other three schools; Hanafi, Māliki and Hanbali, unanimously agree that it is not obligatory for those absent from the sight of the Ka’bah [e.g. living in another city or country like the people of UK] to attain accuracy in facing the Qibla direction. They adduce the report in which the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam said, “The Qiblah is in between the East and the West”.[1] This fact is further confirmed indirectly in the Noble Qur’ān where Allāh Almighty states, “Wherever you go then turn your face to the direction of Masjidul Harām.”[2]

The scholars of Tafseer comment that by Allāh Almighty mentioning Shatrahal Masjid– to face in the direction of the Masjid, is to indicate that facing towards Masjid al-Harām and its surrounding place during Salāh is sufficient for anyone distant from the sight of the Ka’bah. This is because attaining precision is virtually impossible and difficult. Only those standing in front of the Ka’bah are obliged to face it directly because attaining precession for them is possible.

Imām Abū Bakr Jassās rahimahullah comments under the verse;

“All of the Muslims agree that it is sufficient if he (the Musalli) prays towards any corner of it (the Masjid). In it there is an indication that if he attains any corner of the house (Ka’bah) whilst facing it during Salāh then it is allowed because he is facing in its direction (shatrahu). Allāh Almighty mentions facing to the corner of the Masjidul Harām referring to the house itself otherwise there is no differences of opinion that if the one who is in Makkah faces towards the Masjid in his Salāh (with the possibility of facing the Ka’bah itself) that it will not be sufficient if he is not (facing) directly towards the house ……and the intention is for the one who is present in front of it (the Ka’bah) to attain the actual Ka’bah (when facing it directly) but as for the one absent from its sight (it is to face) the (actual) Ka’bah or its mere direction to his predominant assumption (is sufficient) because it is known that he is not legally commissioned to attain precision because there is no way (possibility) for him to do so”.[3]    

Allāmah Alūsi rahimahullah states;

“By mentioning of Masjidul Harām which encompasses the Ka’bah entirely whilst it (the Masjid) is the Qiblah as indicated in authentic reports suggests that it is sufficient for the servant to face in its direction even if he does not attain precision. This is understood from the meaning of Shatrahu (in the verse).”[4]

Therefore, a slight deviation from the actual Qiblah direction for the Muslims in the UK is allowed but not to the extent of complete divergence. Some contemporary scholars stipulate 45 degrees on either side as the maximum mark to be the general concession for the validity of Salāh for the sake of ease for people. Beyond the 45 degree mark invalidates the Salāh.[5]

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Az-Zuhaili, Fiqul Islami wa Adillatuhu, Conditions of Salāh, p. 649-50, vol 1

واتفق العلماء على أن من كان مشاهداً معايناً الكعبة: ففرضه التوجه إلى عين الكعبة يقيناً. ومثله عند الحنابلة: أهل مكة أوالناشئ بها وإن كان هناك حائل محدث كالحيطان بينه وبين الكعبة. وأما غير المعاين للكعبة ففرضه عند الجمهور (غير الشافعية) إصابة جهة الكعبة، لقوله صلّى الله عليه وسلم: «ما بين المشرق والمغرب قبلة» وظاهره أن جميع ما بينهما قبلة، ولأنه لو كان الفرض إصابة عين الكعبة، لما صحت صلاة أهل الصف الطويل على خط مستو، ولا صلاة اثنين متباعدين يستقبلان قبلة واحدة، فإنه لا يجوز أن يتوجه إلى الكعبة مع طول الصف إلا بقدرها. وهذا هو الأرجح لدي.وقال الشافعي في الأم: فرضه ـ أي الغائب عن مكة ـ إصابة العين أي عين الكعبة؛ لأن من لزمه فرض القبلة، لزمه إصابة العين، كالمكي، ولقوله تعالى: {وحيثما كنتم فولوا وجوهكم شطره} [البقرة:150/ 2]، أي أنه يجب عليه التوجه إلى الكعبة، فلزمه التوجه إلى عينها كالمعاين

[2] 2:150

[3] Ahkāmul Qur’ān Jassās p. 112 vol 1

قوله [فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرامِ] فَإِنَّ أَهْلُ اللُّغَةِ قَدْ قَالُوا إنَّ الشَّطْرَ اسْمٌ مُشْتَرَكٌ يَقَعُ عَلَى مَعْنَيَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا النِّصْفُ يُقَالُ شَطَرْتُ الشَّيْءَ أَيْ جَعَلْته نِصْفَيْنِ وَيَقُولُونَ فِي مَثَلٍ لَهُمْ احْلِبْ حَلْبًا لَك شَطْرُهُ أَيْ نِصْفُهُ وَالثَّانِي نَحْوُهُ وَتِلْقَاؤُهُ وَلَا خِلَافَ أَنَّ مُرَادَ الْآيَةِ هُوَ الْمَعْنَى الثَّانِي قَالَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ وَمُجَاهِدٌ وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ الْمَعْنَى الْأَوَّلَ إذْ لَيْسَ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَحَدٍ أَنَّ عليه استقبال نصف المسجد الحرام واتفق المسلمون لو أنه صَلَّى إلَى جَانِبٍ مِنْهُ أَجْزَأَهُ وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَوْ أَتَى نَاحِيَةً مِنْ الْبَيْتِ فَتَوَجَّهَ إلَيْهَا فِي صَلَاتِهِ أَجْزَأَهُ لِأَنَّهُ مُتَوَجِّهٌ شَطْرَهُ وَنَحْوَهُ وَإِنَّمَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى التَّوَجُّهُ إلَى نَاحِيَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَمُرَادُهُ الْبَيْتُ نَفْسُهُ لِأَنَّهُ لَا خِلَافَ أَنَّهُ مَنْ كَانَ بِمَكَّةَ فَتَوَجَّهَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ نَحْوَ الْمَسْجِدِ أَنَّهُ لَا يَجْزِيهِ إذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مُحَاذِيًا لِلْبَيْتِ وقَوْله تَعَالَى [وَحَيْثُ مَا كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ] خِطَابٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ مُعَايِنًا لِلْكَعْبَةِ وَلِمَنْ كَانَ غَائِبًا عَنْهَا وَالْمُرَادُ لِمَنْ كَانَ حَاضِرَهَا إصَابَةُ عَيْنِهَا وَلِمَنْ كَانَ غَائِبًا عَنْهَا النَّحْوَ الَّذِي هُوَ عِنْدَهُ أَنَّهُ نَحْوَ الْكَعْبَةِ وَجِهَتُهَا فِي غَالِبِ ظَنِّهِ لِأَنَّهُ مَعْلُومٌ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُكَلَّفْ إصَابَةَ الْعَيْنِ إذْ لَا سَبِيلَ لَهُ إلَيْهَا وَقَالَ تَعَالَى [لا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْساً إِلَّا وُسْعَها] فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ سَبِيلًا إلَى إصَابَة عَيْنِ الْكَعْبَةِ لَمْ يُكَلَّفْهَا فَعَلِمْنَا أَنَّهُ إنَّمَا هُوَ مُكَلَّفٌ مَا هُوَ فِي غَالِبِ ظَنِّهِ أَنَّهُ جِهَتَهَا وَنَحْوِهَا دُونَ الْمَغِيبِ عِنْدَ اللَّه تَعَالَى وَهَذَا أَحَدُ الْأُصُولِ الدَّالَّةِ عَلَى تَجْوِيزِ الِاجْتِهَادِ فِي أَحْكَامِ الْحَوَادِثِ وَأَنَّ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ الْمُجْتَهِدِينَ فَإِنَّمَا كُلِّفَ مَا يُؤَدِّيهِ إلَيْهِ اجْتِهَادُهُ وَيَسْتَوْلِي عَلَى ظَنِّهِ

[4] Aloosi, Roohul Ma’āni p. 408 vol 1

وفي ذكر المسجد الحرام الذي هو محيط بالكعبة دون الكعبة مع أنها القبلة التي دلت عليها الأحاديث الصحاح إشارة إلى أنه يكفي للبعيد محاذاة جهة القبلة وإن لم يصب عينها وهذه الفائدة لا تحصل من لفظ الشطر– كما قاله جمع- لأنه لو قيل: فولّ وجهك شطر الكعبة لكان المعنى اجعل صرف الوجه في مكان يكون مسامتا ومحاذيا للكعبة- وهذا هو مذهب أبي حنيفة رضي الله تعالى عنه.وأحمد وقول أكثر الخراسانيين من الشافعية- ورجحه حجة الإسلام في الاحياء إلا أنهم قالوا: يجب أن يكون قصد المتوجه إلى الجهة العين التي في تلك الجهة لتكون القبلة عين الكعبة، وقال العراقيون والقفال منهم: يجب إصابة العين، وقال الإمام مالك: إن الكعبة قبلة أهل المسجد، والمسجد قبلة مكة، وهي قبلة الحرم، وهو قبلة الدنيا، وفي حديث ابن عباس رضي الله تعالى عنهما مرفوعا ما يدل عليه، وهذا الخلاف في غير من يكون شاهدا أما هو فيجب عليه إصابة العين بالإجماع

[5] Ahsanul Fatawa, Book of Salāh, Ch. Facing the Qiblah, p. 313 vol 2 (Urdu)

Virtues of Breaking Another Person’s Fast During Iftār

jknfatawa1 Fasting

6th May 2017

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: What are the virtues of providing food for fasting person during Iftār?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

Sayyidunā Zaid Ibn Khālid al-Juhani radhiyallahu anhu relates that the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam said, “Whosoever provides iftār to a fasting person then for him is a share of his reward without the fasting person’s reward diminishing.”[1] The Hadeeth assures the fasting person that in spite of his host receiving his share of reward because of providing him food for iftār, the fasting person still receives his full share of the reward. Providing food could also include providing dates and water even.

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Tirmizi No: 807 Ch. Fasting

Two Separate Closing Fasts Times, Which One do I follow?

jknfatawa1 Fasting
Two Separate Closing Fasts Times, Which One do I follow?

6th May 2017

 السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: During the summer season, we generally have two closing times of fasting; 1:30am and 2am. Which of the two should I follow? Am I allowed to act upon both on alternate days? Please advise me on this matter.

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

There are generally two predominate views followed in the UK in regards to the beginning time fasting; 18 degrees and 15 degrees.[1] For those who follow the 18 degrees close their fast earlier (1:30am) and those following the 15 degrees close it later (around 2am). There has been much discussion and deliberation among the senior scholars as to which of the two opinions is the most correct. In reality, there is no definitive agreement on this matter since substantial evidence exists on both sides. Nevertheless, both opinions are valid. Due to the complexity of the matter, I would suggest you close your fast according to your local Masjid’s time table and avoid switching between both opinions on alternate days. By saying that both views are acceptable is to assure that ultimately both groups are on guidance, not that one attempts to act on both opinions at their own discretion on specific days.[2]

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Astronomers use degrees to measure the position of the sun below the horizon. Scholars differ in the position of the sun in degrees to determine Subhu Sādiq time.

[2] It must be noted that apart from 15 and 18 degrees, other views such as 12 degrees has not been approved by the mainstream scholars. Therefore, following the opinion other than 15 and 18 degrees invalidates the fast and Qadha becomes necessary.

Give up Fasting for Exams

jknfatawa1 Fasting

6th May 2017

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: I am 18 and have exams coming up in July in college. I am expected to partake in revision classes a few weeks before the exams. I also need to revise but will clash with Ramadhān fasting. Can I miss my Ramadhān fasts this year for the sake of revision and make up for them during winter?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

As a general principle, fasting during Ramadhān is fardhul Ain (individual obligation) which cannot be compromised unless there is a potential risk of becoming severely ill. School examination does not fall within the exceptional category of postponing one’s fast, therefore it will not be permissible to miss the fast for the sake of exams. If, however, due to intense revision you fall ill and you are near certain that your condition will worsen if you fast during long hours then you can postpone your fast by not keeping it at all due to the illness.[1]

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb as-Sawm, Bāb fil a’dhār, vol 1, p. 227

(وَمِنْهَا الْمَرَضُ) الْمَرِيضُ إذَا خَافَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ التَّلَفَ أَوْ ذَهَابَ عُضْوٍ يُفْطِرُ بِالْإِجْمَاعِ، وَإِنْ خَافَ زِيَادَةَ الْعِلَّةِ وَامْتِدَادَهَا فَكَذَلِكَ عِنْدَنَا، وَعَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ إذَا أَفْطَرَ كَذَا فِي الْمُحِيطِ. ثُمَّ مَعْرِفَةُ ذَلِكَ بِاجْتِهَادِ الْمَرِيضِ وَالِاجْتِهَادُ غَيْرُ مُجَرَّدِ الْوَهْمِ بَلْ هُوَ غَلَبَةُ ظَنٍّ عَنْ أَمَارَةٍ أَوْ تَجْرِبَةٍ أَوْ بِإِخْبَارِ طَبِيبٍ مُسْلِمٍ غَيْرِ ظَاهِرِ الْفِسْقِ كَذَا فِي فَتْحِ الْقَدِيرِ. وَالصَّحِيحُ الَّذِي يَخْشَى أَنْ يَمْرَضَ بِالصَّوْمِ فَهُوَ كَالْمَرِيضِ هَكَذَا فِي التَّبْيِينِ وَلَوْ كَانَ لَهُ نَوْبَةُ الْحُمَّى فَأَكَلَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَظْهَرَ الْحُمَّى لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ كَذَا فِي فَتْحِ الْقَدِيرِ. وَمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ حُمَّى غَبٌّ فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الْمُعْتَادُ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى تَوَهُّمِ أَنَّ الْحُمَّى تُعَاوِدُهُ وَتُضْعِفُهُ فَأَخْلَفَتْ الْحُمَّى تَلْزَمُهُ الْكَفَّارَةُ كَذَا فِي الْخُلَاصَةِ

 

Purchasing Winter Packs for the Needy with Zakāt Funds

jknfatawa1 Zakat & Charity
Purchasing Winter Packs for the Needy with Zakāt Funds

6th May 2017

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: I work for a charity organization. We recently started a new project called “Ramadhān Winter Pack” which includes all basic essentials for a needy family such as medicine, blanket, clothes etc during the winter season. Each winter pack costs £50. Is it permissible to utilize Zakāt funds to purchase a winter pack for the neediest people?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

Among the integral aspects for the validity of Zakāt is tamleek (independent ownership). Jurists define tamleek as dispensing a portion (2.5%) of one’s wealth to the needy recipient by way of transferring complete ownership on to them. In doing so, the recipient now takes full ownership of that Zakāt money.[1] The donor can pay his Zakāt in the form of cash or any physical asset such as food or clothes whereby the cash or product [purchased from Zakāt money] is physically transferred into the recipient’s hand to signify his/her sole ownership over it.[2]

With reference to your particular case, it is permissible to utilize Zakāt funds to purchase Ramadhān winter packs for the poor and destitute families as giving Zakāt in the form of cash is not necessary. If the entire package is physically transferred into the impoverished family’s ownership then tamleek has been fulfilled, thus fulfilling the donor’s legal duty of paying their Zakāt.

[Allāh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Kasāni, Badai Sanai, Kitāb Zakāt, Fasl fi rukn Zakāt, p. 456, vol 2

وَأَمَّا رُكْنُ الزَّكَاةِ فَرُكْنُ الزَّكَاةِ هُوَ إخْرَاجُ جُزْءٍ مِنْ النِّصَابِ إلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَتَسْلِيمُ ذَلِكَ إلَيْهِ يَقْطَعُ الْمَالِكُ يَدَهُ عَنْهُ بِتَمْلِيكِهِ مِنْ الْفَقِيرِ وَتَسْلِيمِهِ إلَيْهِ أَوْ إلَى يَدِ مَنْ هُوَ نَائِبٌ عَنْهُ وَهُوَ الْمُصْدِق…..

[2] Durrul Mukhtār wa Hāshiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb Zakāt p. 171 vol 3

وَشَرْعًا (تَمْلِيكٌ) خَرَجَ الْإِبَاحَةُ، فَلَوْ أَطْعَمَ يَتِيمًا نَاوِيًا الزَّكَاةَ لَا يَجْزِيهِ إلَّا إذَا دَفَعَ إلَيْهِ الْمَطْعُومَ كَمَا لَوْ كَسَاهُ بِشَرْطِ أَنْ يَعْقِلَ الْقَبْضَ إلَّا إذَا حَكَمَ عَلَيْهِ بِنَفَقَتِهِمْ

لِأَنَّ الشَّرْطَ فِيهَا التَّمْكِينُ وَهُوَ صَادِقٌ بِالتَّمْلِيكِ، وَإِنْ صَدَقَ بِالْإِبَاحَةِ أَيْضًا، نَعَمْ تَخْرُجُ بِقَوْلِهِ جَزْءُ مَالٍ إلَخْ فَافْهَمْ (قَوْلُهُ: إلَّا إذَا دَفَعَ إلَيْهِ الْمَطْعُومَ) لِأَنَّهُ بِالدَّفْعِ إلَيْهِ بِنِيَّةِ الزَّكَاةِ يَمْلِكُهُ فَيَصِيرُ آكِلًا مِنْ مِلْكِهِ، بِخِلَافِ مَا إذَا أَطْعَمَهُ مَعَهُ، وَلَا يَخْفَى أَنَّهُ يُشْتَرَطُ كَوْنُهُ فَقِيرًا، وَلَا حَاجَةَ إلَى اشْتِرَاطِ فَقْرِ أَبِيهِ أَيْضًا لِأَنَّ الْكَلَامَ فِي الْيَتِيمِ وَلَا أَبَا لَهُ فَافْهَمْ (قَوْلُهُ كَمَا لَوْ كَسَاهُ) أَيْ كَمَا يُجْزِئُهُ لَوْ كَسَاهُ ح (قَوْلُهُ: بِشَرْطِ أَنْ يَعْقِلَ الْقَبْضَ) قَيْدٌ فِي الدَّفْعِ وَالْكِسْوَةِ كِلَيْهِمَا ح. وَفَسَّرَهُ فِي الْفَتْحِ وَغَيْرِهِ بِاَلَّذِي لَا يَرْمِي بِهِ، وَلَا يُخْدَعُ عَنْهُ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَاقِلًا فَقَبَضَ عَنْهُ أَبُوهُ أَوْ وَصِيُّهُ أَوْ مَنْ يَعُولُهُ قَرِيبًا أَوْ أَجْنَبِيًّا، أَوْ مُلْتَقِطُهُ صَحَّ كَمَا فِي الْبَحْرِ وَالنَّهْرِ

Ibn Nujaim, Bahr Raiq, Kitāb Zakāt, p. 352-3 vol 2

قَالَ فِي الْكَشْفِ الْكَبِيرِ فِي بَحْثِ الْقُدْرَةِ الْمُيَسِّرَةِ: الزَّكَاةُ لَا تَتَأَدَّى إلَّا بِتَمْلِيكِ عَيْنٍ مُتَقَوِّمَةٍ حَتَّى لَوْ أَسْكَنَ الْفَقِيرَ دَارِهِ سَنَةً بِنِيَّةِ الزَّكَاةِ لَا يُجْزِئُهُ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمَنْفَعَةَ لَيْسَتْ بِعَيْنٍ مُتَقَوِّمَةٍ. اهـ. وَهَذَا عَلَى إحْدَى الطَّرِيقَتَيْنِ، وَأَمَّا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى مِنْ أَنَّ الْمَنْفَعَةَ مَالٌ فَهُوَ عِنْدَ الْإِطْلَاقِ مُنْصَرِفٌ إلَى الْعَيْنِ، وَقُيِّدَ بِالتَّمْلِيكِ احْتِرَازًا عَنْ الْإِبَاحَةِ؛ وَلِهَذَا ذَكَرَ الْوَلْوَالِجِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ أَنَّهُ لَوْ عَالَ يَتِيمًا فَجَعَلَ يَكْسُوهُ وَيُطْعِمُهُ وَجَعَلَهُ مِنْ زَكَاةِ مَالِهِ فَالْكِسْوَةُ تَجُوزُ لِوُجُودِ رُكْنِهِ، وَهُوَ التَّمْلِيكُ، وَأَمَّا الْإِطْعَامُ إنْ دَفَعَ الطَّعَامَ إلَيْهِ بِيَدِهِ يَجُوزُ أَيْضًا لِهَذِهِ الْعِلَّةِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَدْفَعْ إلَيْهِ، وَيَأْكُلْ الْيَتِيمُ لَمْ يَجُزْ لِانْعِدَامِ الرُّكْنِ، وَهُوَ التَّمْلِيكُ

Feeding Pet Cat Unlawful Meat

jknfatawa1 Lawful & Unlawful

28th April 2017

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Is it permissible to feed your pet cat meat slaughtered unislamaically, for instance Whiskas chicken, meat or rabbit.

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your query, the key point to note is that pets must be given food that is pure. Meat; Halāl or non- Halāl, must be slaughtered correctly regardless if Allāh’s name is mentioned or not. The correct method of slaughtering is to sever the four main arteries; the gullet, windpipe and the two jugular veins, drains out the impurity; blood, from an animal. This enables the impure blood in the animal to be drained out. When this is done then the scholars state that the animal’s flesh, bones and skin of a Halāl and a non- Halāl animal becomes tahir (pure) and permissible but only animals can consume such flesh otherwise we as Muslims can only consume Halāl animals that are slaughtered on Allāh’s name. Pure meat Halāl or non- Halāl can be used for purposes other than eating such as feeding cats or dogs.[1] Most of the time the meat found in such packets in stores are not slaughtered according to the above method rendering the meat still impure and a maitah (carrion meat) which is prohibited even to feed other animals.[2]

Therefore, unless it is established that the meat is slaughtered according to the above method, you must abstain from purchasing prepacked cat food containing meat from stores. There are other alternative foods which you could feed your cat with such as fish, vegetarian food or even Halāl pieces of chicken and meat purchased from local Muslim stores.[3]

 

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

 

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb al-Dhabā’ih p.446 vol 9

(وَذَبْحُ مَا لَا يُؤْكَلُ يُطَهِّرُ لَحْمَهُ وَشَحْمَهُ وَجِلْدَهُ) تَقَدَّمَ فِي الطَّهَارَةِ تَرْجِيحُ خِلَافِهِ (إلَّا الْآدَمِيَّ وَالْخِنْزِيرَ) كَمَا مَرَّ

(قَوْلُهُ وَذَبْحُ مَا لَا يُؤْكَلُ) يَعْنِي ذَكَاتُهُ لِمَا فِي الدُّرَرِ وَبِالصَّيْدِ يَطْهُرُ لَحْمٌ غَيْرُ نَجِسِ الْعَيْنِ لِأَنَّهُ ذَكَاةٌ حُكْمًا (قَوْلُهُ يَطْهُرُ لَحْمُهُ وَشَحْمُهُ وَجِلْدُهُ) حَتَّى لَوْ وَقَعَ فِي الْمَاءِ الْقَلِيلِ لَا يُفْسِدُهُ، وَهَلْ يَجُوزُ الِانْتِفَاعُ بِهِ فِي غَيْرِ الْأَكْلِ؟ لَا يَجُوزُ اعْتِبَارًا بِالْأَكْلِ، وَقِيلَ يَجُوزُ كَالزَّيْتِ إذَا خَالَطَهُ وَدَكُ الْمَيْتَةِ وَالزَّيْتُ غَالِبٌ لَا يُؤْكَلُ وَيُنْتَفَعُ بِهِ فِي غَيْرِ الْأَكْلِ هِدَايَةٌ

 

Mujma al-Anhar, p. 108  vol 2 – Maktab Shamila

وَفِي التَّنْجِيسِ أَنَّ الْمُخْتَارَ لِلْفَتْوَى جَوَازُ بَيْعِ لَحْمِ الْمَذْبُوحِ مِنْ السِّبَاعِ، وَكَذَا الْكَلْبُ وَالْحِمَارُ لِأَنَّهُ طَاهِرٌ وَيُنْتَفَعُ بِهِ فِي إطْعَامِ سِنَّوْرَةٍ، بِخِلَافِ الْخِنْزِيرِ الْمَذْبُوحِ لِأَنَّهُ نَجِسُ الْعَيْنِ، وَفِي التَّخْصِيصِ إشْعَارٌ بِعَدَمِ جَوَازِ هَوَامِّ الْأَرْضِ كَالْحَيَّةِ وَالْعَقْرَبِ وَدَوَابِّ الْبَحْرِ غَيْرَ السَّمَكِ كَالضِّفْدَعِ وَالسَّرَطَانِ

 

[2] Fatāwa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Karāhiyyah  p. 441 vol 5

[الْبَاب الْحَادِي وَالْعُشْرُونَ فِيمَا يسع مِنْ جِرَاحَات بَنِي آدَم وَالْحَيَوَانَات]

رَجُلٌ ذَبَحَ كَلْبَهُ أَوْ حِمَارَهُ جَازَ أَنْ يُطْعِمَ سِنَّوْرَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يُطْعِمَهُ خِنْزِيرَهُ أَوْ شَيْئًا مِنْ الْمَيْتَةِ كَذَا فِي السِّرَاجِيَّةِ.

Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Karāhiyyah, p. 423 vol 5

[الْبَابُ الثَّانِي عَشَرَ فِي الْهَدَايَا وَالضِّيَافَاتِ]

وَلَا يَجُوزُ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُطْعِمَ الْمَجْنُونَ الْمَيْتَةَ بِخِلَافِ الْهِرَّةِ، وَإِذَا تَنَجَّسَ الْخُبْزُ أَوْ الطَّعَامُ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُطْعِمَ الصَّغِيرَ أَوْ الْمَعْتُوهَ أَوْ الْحَيَوَانَ الْمَأْكُولَ اللَّحْمِ، وَقَالَ أَصْحَابُنَا: لَا يَجُوزُ الِانْتِفَاعُ بِالْمَيْتَةِ عَلَى أَيِّ وَجْهٍ، وَلَا يُطْعِمُهَا الْكِلَابَ وَالْجَوَارِحَ، كَذَا فِي الْقُنْيَةِ.

 

[3] Some scholars have suggested an alternative that if someone placed the impure meat somewhere and drove the animal to it and consumed it at its own discretion then it is permissible. See below Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb al-Ashribah, p.449 vol 6 – Shamila

(وَحَرُمَ الِانْتِفَاعُ بِهَا) وَلَوْ لِسَقْيِ دَوَابَّ أَوْ لِطِينٍ أَوْ نَظَرٍ لِلتَّلَهِّي، أَوْ دَوَاءٍ أَوْ دُهْنٍ أَوْ طَعَامٍ أَوْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ إلَّا لِتَخْلِيلٍ أَوْ لِخَوْفِ عَطَشٍ بِقَدْرِ الضَّرُورَةِ فَلَوْ زَادَ فَسَكِرَ حُدَّ مُجْتَبَى

(قَوْلُهُ وَلَوْ لِسَقْيِ دَوَابَّ) قَالَ بَعْضُ الْمَشَايِخِ لَوْ قَادَ الدَّابَّةَ إلَى الْخَمْرِ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ، وَلَوْ نَقَلَ إلَى الدَّابَّةِ يُكْرَهُ وَكَذَا قَالُوا فِيمَنْ أَرَادَ تَخْلِيلَ الْخَمْرِ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَحْمِلَ الْخَلَّ إلَى الْخَمْرِ وَلَوْ عَكَسَ يُكْرَهُ وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ  تَارْخَانِيَّةٌ

 

Purchasing Stocks from Armaco Company

jknfatawa1 Finance

28th April 2017

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Will it be permissible for me to buy stocks/shares of the company Armaco?

 الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

Amarco is a Saudi state-owned oil company based in Dhahran. It deals with crude oil, petroleum and natural gas with an estimated value of one trillion dollars of investment. Based on the information provided, they deal mainly with natural and energy resources.[1] From the Shari’ee point of view, natural and energy resources are permissible for trade and regarded as intrinsic value (mutaqawwam) for buying and selling.

Contemporary scholars such as Shaykh Mufti Taqi Usmani view the permissibility of buying and selling shares in a company. He argues that the status of a company falls somewhat similar to Musharakat (partnership)[2] in the sense that he purchases a certain percentage of ownership in the assets of the company. Buying and selling shares is permissible with the following conditions,

  1. The trade must be in the form of fixed assets rather than currency. In other words, the exchange of items must be cash and assets. An exchange between the same currencies is permissible with the same quantity on both sides. Either side being more than the other becomes interest (riba) which will not be permissible.
  2. Being a shareholder does not imply merely owing certain rights in a company but assets of the company. Trading in bundles of rights would not be permissible because of the absence of assets.
  3. The company should not deal with interest. Should they do so then he must voice his disapproval of it.[3]
  4. If the shareholder receives interest unintentionally then he must dispose of it by giving it away to the poor and needy or community service project without the intention of reward.[4]

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] http://www.saudiaramco.com/en/home.html

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Aramco

[2] It must be noted that its similarity is subtle otherwise there are some distinctions between Musharakat and company such as individual ownership in partnership whereas the company is regulated by the state, a partner can choose to exit the business and take his stock whereas a shareholder in a company can only sell his share in order to exit.

[3] It must be remembered that the company directors represent (wakeel) all the shareholders from a Shar’ee perspective,

[4] Mufti Taqi Usmani – Islām aur Jadeed Ma’eeshat wa Tijarat

  • Buying and selling Shares, Fiqhi Maqalāt vol1, p.141

Maulāna Khalid Saifullah Rahmani – buying and selling Shares, Jadeed Fiqhi Mabahith, p. 249, vol 4

What to do if you are Standing Alone in the back Saff?

jknfatawa1 Salah

28TH April 2017

 

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: When attending the congregational Salāh behind the Imām, if the rows are full in the lines ahead, can you start your Salāh whilst standing alone in the back row or must you pull someone from the front to join you in your Salāh as I have heard that standing alone in the back row is makrooh?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

In reference to your query, there are various opinions as to what this person should do in this case. Some say he should pull someone in front of him to stand by his. Others suggest that he should wait however long it takes until someone arrives to join him in the row [even if he ends up missing a rak’at]. Another opinion which many consider as more favourable is that he should wait until the Imām proceeds into ruku and by then if no one joins him, he should pull someone. Allāmah Shāmi rahimahullah (a renowned Hanafi jurist) is inclined towards consigning the matter to the discretion of the individual at the time and be cautious not to pull someone who is ignorant of the ruling lest that he may end up breaking his Salāh due to his ignorance. In this case, it is better to stand alone if all happen to be ignorant. Otherwise, if the person in front is a scholar or practising (with this expectation that he knows mas’alah) then he should pull him.[1]

Therefore, what you should do initially is to wait until someone arrives to join you. If no one arrives and the Imām is about to proceed in ruku then you can pull someone in front just before ruku. Do not resort to pulling someone in front of you unless you know that the person in front knows the legal ruling on the matter.

[Allãh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābus Salāh, Bāb ma yufsidu Salāt wa ma yukrahu, vol 2, p. 416

بَابُ مَا يُفْسِدُ الصَّلَاةَ، وَمَا وَيُكْرَهُ فِيهَا

وَكَذَا الْقِيَامُ مُنْفَرِدًا وَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فُرْجَةً بَلْ يَجْذِبُ أَحَدًا مِنْ الصَّفِّ ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ الْكَمَالِ، لَكِنْ قَالُوا فِي زَمَانِنَا تَرْكُهُ أَوْلَى، فَلِذَا قَالَ فِي الْبَحْرِ: يُكْرَهُ وَحْدَهُ إلَّا إذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ فُرْجَةً

(قَوْلُهُ لَكِنْ قَالُوا إلَخْ) الْقَائِلُ صَاحِبُ الْقُنْيَةِ فَإِنَّهُ عَزَا إلَى بَعْضِ الْكُتُبِ أَتَى جَمَاعَةً وَلَمْ يَجِدْ فِي الصَّفِّ فُرْجَةً قِيلَ يَقُومُ وَحْدَهُ وَيُعْذَرُ، وَقِيلَ يَجْذِبُ وَاحِدًا مِنْ الصَّفِّ إلَى نَفْسِهِ فَيَقِفُ بِجَنْبِهِ. وَالْأَصَحُّ مَا رَوَى هِشَامٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ أَنَّهُ يَنْتَظِرُ إلَى الرُّكُوعِ، فَإِنْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ وَإِلَّا جَذَبَ إلَيْهِ رَجُلًا أَوْ دَخَلَ فِي الصَّفِّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي الْقُنْيَةِ: وَالْقِيَامُ وَحْدَهُ أَوْلَى فِي زَمَانِنَا لِغَلَبَةِ الْجَهْلِ عَلَى الْعَوَامّ فَإِذَا جَرَّهُ تَفْسُدُ صَلَاتُهُ اهـ قَالَ فِي الْخَزَائِنِ قُلْت: وَيَنْبَغِي التَّفْوِيضُ إلَى رَأْيِ الْمُبْتَلَى، فَإِنْ رَأَى مَنْ لَا يَتَأَذَّى لِدِينٍ أَوْ صَدَاقَةٍ زَاحَمَهُ أَوْ عَالِمًا جَذَبَهُ وَإِلَّا انْفَرَدَ. اهـ. قُلْت: وَهُوَ تَوْفِيقٌ حَسَنٌ اخْتَارَهُ ابْنُ وَهْبَانَ فِي شَرْحِ مَنْظُومَتِهِ (قَوْلُهُ فَلِذَا قَالَ إلَخْ) أَيْ فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ الْجَذْبَ لِمَا مَرَّ