Author: jknfatawa1

Cochineal Extracts

jknfatawa1 Lawful & Unlawful

24th April 2017

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Could you please clarify if cochineal is permitted as it colours food such as yogurts pink or red and certain lipsticks.

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

Cochineal is a bug extract found in a variety of foods such as yogurts, ice-creams, most dairy based drinks, candy, chewing gums, jams. It is also found in many beauty products as well like lipsticks, nail polishes and eye-shadows. Presumably, it is the cochineal insect that gives the red (or pink) colouring. These bugs are collected from cactus plants, either dead or alive, crushed into powder and then added as a colouring agent in the aforementioned products. They are identified on the ingredient label with various names such as cochineal extract, carmine, crimson lake, natural red 4, C.I. 75470, E120, or even ‘natural colouring’.[1] It is the cochineal blood which gives it its red colouring. From the Shar’ee perspective, cochineal insect is treated as impure (najis) like all other insects [with the exception of locust which a Hadeeth permits too consume] which the Shari’ah prohibits its usage altogether. So, anything that contains cochineal bugs extract is unlawful to consume or apply externally due to its impurity.[2]

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

 

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] http://blog.hmns.org/2012/11/color-me-carmine-cochineal-bugs-in-our-food-and-drink/

http://www.snopes.com/food/ingredient/bugjuice.asp

[2] Fatawa Hindiyyah Kitāb al-Dhaba’ih, Bāb p. 289 vol 5

[الْبَاب الثَّانِي فِي بَيَان مَا يُؤْكَلُ مِنْ الْحَيَوَانِ وَمَا لَا يُؤْكَلُ]

أَمَّا الَّذِي يَعِيشُ فِي الْبَرِّ فَأَنْوَاعٌ ثَلَاثَةٌ: مَا لَيْسَ لَهُ دَمٌ أَصْلًا وَمَا لَيْسَ لَهُ دَمٌ سَائِلٌ وَمَا لَهُ دَمٌ سَائِلٌ، فَمَا لَا دَمَ لَهُ مِثْلُ الْجَرَادِ وَالزُّنْبُورِ وَالذُّبَابِ وَالْعَنْكَبُوتِ وَالْخُنْفُسَاءِ وَالْعَقْرَبِ وَالْبَبْغَاءِ وَنَحْوِهَا لَا يَحِلُّ أَكْلُهُ إلَّا الْجَرَادُ خَاصَّةً، وَكَذَلِكَ مَا لَيْسَ لَهُ دَمٌ سَائِلٌ مِثْلُ الْحَيَّةِ وَالْوَزَغِ وَسَامٍّ أَبْرَصَ وَجَمِيعِ الْحَشَرَاتِ

The Qur’anic verse, “he permits for them the pure things and forbids them from the impure (khaba’ith)” (7:157) further supports the impermissibility of consuming bugs and insects due to their impurity. This will by default include cochineal insects as well.

Is Seeking Medical Treatment Necessary?

jknfatawa1 Medical

20th March 2017

 

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: I was born with a condition called cystic fibrosis. I suffer with thick mucus around my lungs, my digestive system and other organs around my body. At the minute I’m having lot of problems with my pancreas. It’s stopping and blocking enzymes entering my stomach.  I eat a lot but still end up losing weight. I suffer with really bad constipation and my bladder has gone really weak. I take over 45 different tablets a day of nebulisers and inhalers. My situation is not good and I’m deteriorating day by day. My situation is such that I need a lung transplant. I put my life in Allāh’s hands and if my time is up then it’s up. Is it sinful me to refuse a transplant which has the possibility of saving my life as well as killing me? Please guide me in this matter.

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

Seeking medical treatment has been encouraged in Islām and should not be refused especially if the means are available. The Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam instructed the believers to seek medical treatment during times of urgency. Sayyidunā Usama Ibn Shareek radhiyallahu anhu reports that the Companions once asked, ‘O Messenger of Allāh! Should we seek medication?’ He replied, “Yes. O servants of Allāh seek medical treatment because Allāh has not placed any illness except has also placed its cure except for one illness; death.”[1] The Hadeeth scholars explain that the prophet’s command was of Istihbāb – preferable command, and not an obligatory one. The context of the Hadeeth suggests that the prophet’s instruction was to indicate that seeking medical treatment is not against reliance upon Allāh Almighty, as was previously assumed by some Companions which led them to this enquiry.[2]

From a juristic point of view, inevitable cure from any medical treatment falls under the remit of dhanni (speculative) knowledge. This means that doctors prescribing medication and carrying out surgical operation to permanently cure the patient is not something that is based on knowledge of certainty (yaqeeni) in spite of the advancement in the field of medicine and surgery. Even organ transplantation does not guarantee permanent restoration of health albeit it contains many benefits. This however does not dismiss the importance of seeking medication since the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam himself encouraged it. It is due to this reason why the Hanafi jurists ruled seeking medical treatment is mustahab – desirable only. Therefore, you should opt for a lung transplant when you have the chance if the doctors have assured you recovery in this otherwise refusing shall not make you sinful.[3]

A point to remember is that as Muslims we believe that cure ultimately lies in the hands of Allāh Almighty. The classical jurists never deemed medication as compulsory because they understood that medication does not reach the level of certainty like food and water in respect to sustaining of one’s life and health.  However, continuous advancements of the medical industry leads to discovering new ahkāms – rulings. It is possible that exceptions can be made from the general rule depending on the specific medication and the individual’s circumstances. What is important is that saving one’s own life is necessary. Should in the future a particular medicine or surgical operation guarantee to be lifesaving and unanimously agreed by all doctors then accepting it would be necessary and refusing would be a sin.

[Allãh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Abū Dāwood

 عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ قَالَ: «قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَفَنَتَدَاوَى؟ قَالَ: ” نَعَمْ، يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ! تَدَاوَوْا، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَضَعْ دَاءً إِلَّا وَضَعَ لَهُ شِفَاءً، غَيْرَ دَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ، الْهَرَمُ» “. رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ، وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ

[2] Mirqat sharh Mishkāt No: 4532

 (نَعَمْ) : وَأَمَّا قَوْلُ الطِّيبِيِّ: الْفَاءُ عَطْفٌ عَلَى مُقَدَّرٍ تَسْتَدْعِيهِ الْهَمْزَةُ يَعْنِي: أَنَعْتَبِرُ الطِّبَّ فَنَتَدَاوَى أَوْ نَتَوَكَّلُ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَنَتْرُكُ التَّدَاوِيَ؟ فَلَا خَفَاءَ أَنَّهُ لَا يُلَائِمُهُ الْجَوَابُ بِقَوْلِهِ: نَعَمْ، وَأَيْضًا جَعْلُ التَّوَكُّلِ مِنْ قِسْمِ تَرْكِ التَّدَاوِي غَيْرَ صَحِيحٍ فِي الْمَعْنَى. (يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ) : إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى أَنَّ التَّدَاوِيَ لَا يُنَافِي الْعُبُودِيَّةَ، وَلَا يَدَعُ التَّوَكُّلَ عَلَى صَاحِبِ الرُّبُوبِيَّةِ، وَلِذَا قَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: ” اعْقِلْ وَتَوَكَّلْ “.(تَدَاوُوا) : تَأْكِيدًا لِمَا فُهِمَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ: ” نَعَمْ “، وَالْمَعْنَى تَدَاوُوا وَلَا تَعْتَمِدُوا فِي الشِّفَاءِ عَلَى التَّدَاوِي، بَلْ كُونُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ مُتَوَكِّلِينَ عَلَيْهِ، وَمُفَوِّضِينَ الْأُمُورَ إِلَيْهِ،

Thathreeb fi Sharhi Taqreeb 184  vol 8

 (السَّادِسَةُ) فِيهِ اسْتِحْبَابُ التَّدَاوِي وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ أَصْحَابِنَا وَجُمْهُورِ السَّلَفِ وَعَامَّةِ الْخَلَفِ وَفِيهِ رَدٌّ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ التَّدَاوِيَ مِنْ غُلَاةِ الصُّوفِيَّةِ، وَقَالَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ بِقَضَاءٍ وَقَدَرٍ فَلَا حَاجَةَ إلَى التَّدَاوِي وَحُجَّةُ الْعُلَمَاءِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ وَمَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ وَفِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لِكُلِّ دَاءٍ دَوَاءٌ فَإِذَا أُصِيبَ دَوَاءُ الدَّاءِ أَبْرَأَهُ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ» .وَرَوَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ قَالَ «قَالَتْ الْأَعْرَابُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلَا نَتَدَاوَى؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ تَدَاوَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَضَعْ دَاءً إلَّا وَضَعَ لَهُ شِفَاءً إلَّا دَاءً وَاحِدًا وَهُوَ الْهَرَمُ» قَالُوا وَيَجِبُ أَنْ يَعْتَقِدَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى هُوَ الْفَاعِلُ، وَأَنَّ التَّدَاوِيَ أَيْضًا مِنْ قَدَرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَهَذَا كَالْأَمْرِ بِالدُّعَاءِ

[3] Fatawa Hindiyyah  Kitāb Karahiyyah, Mu’alajah p 434 vol  5

مَرِضَ أَوْ رَمِدَ فَلَمْ يُعَالِجْ حَتَّى مَاتَ لَا يَأْثَمُ كَذَا فِي الْمُلْتَقَطِ. وَالرَّجُلُ إذَا اسْتَطْلَقَ بَطْنَهُ أَوْ رَمِدَتْ عَيْنَاهُ فَلَمْ يُعَالِجْ حَتَّى أَضْعَفَهُ ذَلِكَ وَأَضْنَاهُ وَمَاتَ مِنْهُ لَا إثْمَ عَلَيْهِ فَرْقٌ بَيْنَ هَذَا وَبَيْنَمَا إذَا جَاعَ وَلَمْ يَأْكُلْ مَعَ الْقُدْرَةِ حَتَّى مَاتَ حَيْثُ يَأْثَمُ وَالْفَرْقُ أَنَّ الْأَكْلَ مِقْدَارُ قُوتِهِ مُشْبِعٌ بِيَقِينٍ فَكَانَ تَرْكُهُ إهْلَاكًا وَلَا كَذَلِكَ الْمُعَالَجَةُ وَالتَّدَاوِي كَذَا فِي الظَّهِيرِيَّةِ.

PCP Car Finance and its Islamic Ruling

jknfatawa1 Finance

6th March 2017

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: What is the status of a PCP car finance plan in Islāmically?  Can we purchase a car using such financial avenues?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

The Personal Contract Purchase (PCP) agreement in principle is similar to Hire purchase plan (HP), a financial scheme of purchasing a car by paying off the depreciated value in monthly instalments after the initial deposit. The deposit can vary between 10%-20% of the total price of the car, depending on which dealer the contract is signed with. This deposit is paid either by cash in person or from the extra value from the previous car finance. So for instance, if the value of the previous car at the end of the deal is more than the monthly payment then the additional money can be used as a deposit for the next car.

After the initial deposit, the dealer predicts the value of the car by taking into consideration mainly the overall mileage the customer will cover towards the end of the contract and also the agreed term. The dealer then fixes an amount accordingly, payable to the finance company by the purchaser. This is known as the Balloon payment or Guaranteed Minimum Future Value [GMFV] – prediction of the minimum future value of the car towards the end of the agreement based on the overall mileage covered throughout the duration of the contract. The higher the mileage, the lower the value. For instance, a car with 5000 mileage on the clock values more than the one with 10,000 mileage on the clock. The payment term averages between 2-4 years.

Once the value is predicted, a large sum is set aside towards the end of the term whilst the remainder is split over the specific term in monthly instalments. The logical intent behind this is to allow the customer to make a monthly payment at an affordable rate. To illustrate this with an example, let’s say the original price of a car is £12,000. The customer pays an initial deposit of £2000 and the company calculates the predicted minimum value to be £8000 by the end of a three years contract. This amount is divided over 36 months (with added interest). A large amount namely £2000 is set aside towards the end of the term. Towards the end of the contract, the customer has one of three options namely, walk away and hand back the keys, hence no need to pay the remainder, to buy out the car by paying the remainder £2000 or part-exchanging it with another car if the car was returned less than the predicted mileage. [1]

Based on the information obtained from various sources and speaking to financial dealers, in most cases there is an additional charge of APR interest with the monthly payment. The charge is variable from 4%-12% depending on each dealers’ charge. In other words, the customer is paying not only for the minimum value of the car but also the interest. It, therefore, constitutes similar to a loan with added interest which is not permitted in Islām and furthermore, a unilateral benefit for the dealers, through the additional charge of interest rendering the transaction as void.[2]

Therefore, the PCP agreement is a form of la oan which the customer agrees to pay over a certain period. Interest is added to this monthly payment, rendering it impermissible from an Islamic perspective. The same ruling applies to any car finance that include interest charges during monthly instalments.

[Allãh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] http://www.moneysavingexpert.com/car-finance/personal-contract-purchase#what

http://thehalalfoundation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Halal_Car_Finance.pdf

http://www.mysvo.co.uk/

[2] Fatāwa Hindiyyah p. 143 vol 3

الْبَابُ الْعَاشِرُ فِي الشُّرُوطِ الَّتِي تُفْسِدُ الْبَيْعَ وَاَلَّتِي لَا تُفْسِدُ

وَإِنْ كَانَ الشَّرْطُ شَرْطًا لَمْ يُعْرَفْ وُرُودُ الشَّرْعِ بِجَوَازِهِ فِي صُورَتِهِ وَهُوَ لَيْسَ بِمُتَعَارَفٍ إنْ كَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْمُتَعَاقِدَيْنِ فِيهِ مَنْفَعَةٌ أَوْ كَانَ لِلْمَعْقُودِ عَلَيْهِ مَنْفَعَةٌ وَالْمَعْقُودُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ أَنْ يَسْتَحِقَّ حَقًّا عَلَى الْغَيْرِ فَالْعَقْدُ فَاسِدٌ كَذَا فِي الذَّخِيرَةِ.

Leasing out a Property to a Non-Muslim Couple to open an Alcohol Served Restaurant

jknfatawa1 Finance
Leasing out a Property to a Non-Muslim Couple to open an Alcohol Served Restaurant

21ST January 2017

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Is it permissible to let my place to a Romanian Non-Muslim couple for them to open a Restaurant? They have informed me they will be selling Alcohol and I also assume there will be meat on the menu which will not be halal. Every customer will be served with food but not every customer will have a drink. Please clarify.

 الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your case scenario, Imām Abū Hanīfah rahimahullah permitted a Muslim living in a predominant Non-Muslim region (which still remains under Muslim sovereignty) to lease out a property to a non-Muslim who intends to sell unlawful items such as alcohol. His line of argument is that trading in alcohol is the act of the leaseholder which is permitted in their religion, thus severing the Muslim landlord’s connection from the Non-Muslim’s act. As he bears no liability of the lease holder’s actions, the Muslim owner’s monthly rental from such property is Halal as he is charging for the usufruct (manfa’ah) of the property. Contrarily, his prominent students, Imām Abū Yusuf rahimahullah and Imām Muhammad rahimahullah disallow it all together even to a non-Muslim because it is tantamount to assisting upon sin, which has been clearly prohibited in the Shari’ah.[1]

It must be remembered that Imām Abū Hanīfah’s rahimahullah ruling was issued in an Islamic state where there was no fear of widespread of fitna among Muslims if non-Muslims transacted it among themselves. Due to the widespread consumption of alcohol nowadays, it is not unjustified for scholars adopting the opinion of Imām Sāhib’s two students for discouraging Muslims leasing out a property in which alcohol is being sold,[2] yet, on the other hand, the Shari’ah does not intend to burden its people also and takes circumstances into consideration. As there is no clear consensus on this matter, in your case in particular, if they do intend to sell alcohol in their restaurant along with other unlawful meat then there is no harm in following Imām Abū Hanifah’s rahimahullah opinion of permissibility and the rent you receive will be lawful, regardless if majority of the income comes from the alcohol selling or not. Consider it that the monthly revenue is in exchange for leasing out a property and what they do is their individual business. This is the fatwa position otherwise the Taqwa position is to avoid it altogether in due consideration of his two student’s position.

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Bahr Raiq, Kitāb al-Karahiyyah, p. 372 vol 8

قَالَ: – رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ – (وَإِجَارَةُ بَيْتٍ لِيُتَّخَذَ بَيْتَ نَارٍ أَوْ بِيعَةً أَوْ كَنِيسَةً أَوْ يُبَاعَ فِيهِ خَمْرٌ بِالسَّوَادِ) يَعْنِي جَازَ إجَارَةُ الْبَيْتِ لِكَافِرٍ لِيُتَّخَذُ مَعْبَدًا أَوْ بَيْتَ نَارٍ لِلْمَجُوسِ أَوْ يُبَاعَ فِيهِ خَمْرٌ فِي السَّوَادِ وَهَذَا قَوْلُ الْإِمَامِ وَقَالَا: يُكْرَهُ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {وَتَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى وَلا تَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ} [المائدة: 2] وَلَهُ أَنَّ الْإِجَارَةَ عَلَى مَنْفَعَةِ الْبَيْتِ وَلِهَذَا تَجِبُ الْأُجْرَةُ بِمُجَرَّدِ التَّسْلِيمِ وَلَا مَعْصِيَةَ فِيهِ وَإِنَّمَا الْمَعْصِيَةُ بِفِعْلِ الْمُسْتَأْجِرِ وَهُوَ مُخْتَارٌ فِيهِ فَقَطَعَ نِسْبَةَ ذَلِكَ إلَى الْمُؤَجِّرِ وَصَارَ كَبَيْعِ الْجَارِيَةِ لِمَنْ لَا يَسْتَبْرِئُهَا أَوْ يَأْتِيهَا فِي دُبُرِهَا أَوْ بَيْعِ الْغُلَامِ مِمَّنْ يَلُوطُ بِهِ وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لَوْ أَجَّرَهُ لِلسُّكْنَى جَازَ وَلَا بُدَّ فِيهِ مِنْ عِبَادَتِهِ وَإِنَّمَا قَيَّدَهُ بِالسَّوَادِ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يُمَكَّنُونَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فِي الْأَمْصَارِ وَلَا يُمَكَّنُونَ مِنْ إظْهَارِ بَيْعِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْخِنْزِيرِ فِي الْأَمْصَارِ لِظُهُورِ شَعَائِرِ الْإِسْلَامِ فَلَا يُعَارَضُ بِظُهُورِ شَعَائِرِ الْكُفْرِ قَالُوا فِي هَذَا سَوَادُ الْكُوفَةِ؛ لِأَنَّ غَالِبَ أَهْلِهَا أَهْلُ ذِمَّةٍ، وَأَمَّا فِي غَيْرِهَا فِيهَا شَعَائِرُ الْإِسْلَامِ ظَاهِرَةٌ فَلَا يُمَكَّنُونَ فِيهَا فِي الْأَصَحِّ

Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb al-Hazr wal Ibāhat, p. 562-3 vol 9

(وَ) جَازَ (إجَارَةُ بَيْتٍ بِسَوَادِ الْكُوفَةِ) أَيْ قُرَاهَا (لَا بِغَيْرِهَا عَلَى الْأَصَحِّ) وَأَمَّا الْأَمْصَارُ وَقُرَى غَيْرِ الْكُوفَةِ فَلَا يُمَكَّنُونَ لِظُهُورِ شِعَارِ الْإِسْلَامِ فِيهَا وَخُصَّ سَوَادُ الْكُوفَةِ، لِأَنَّ غَالِبَ أَهْلِهَا أَهْلُ الذِّمَّةِ (لِيُتَّخَذَ بَيْتَ نَارٍ أَوْ كَنِيسَةً أَوْ بِيعَةً أَوْ يُبَاعَ فِيهِ الْخَمْرُ) وَقَالَا لَا يَنْبَغِي ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ إعَانَةٌ عَلَى الْمَعْصِيَةِ وَبِهِ قَالَتْ الثَّلَاثَةُ زَيْلَعِيٌّ

Fatawa Hindiyyah Kitabul Ijārah p. 509 vol 4

[الْبَابُ السَّادِس عَشَرَ فِي مَسَائِلِ الشُّيُوعِ فِي الْإِجَارَةِ]

إذَا اسْتَأْجَرَ الذِّمِّيُّ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِ بَيْتًا لِيَبِيعَ فِيهِ الْخَمْرَ جَازَ عِنْدَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ – رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى – خِلَافًا لَهُمَا. كَذَا فِي الْمُضْمَرَاتِ

[2] Maulāna Khalid Saifullah Rahmani, Kitāb al-Fatāwa p. 402, vol 5

Kaffarah for Multiple Oaths Breached

jknfatawa1 Miscellaneous

3rd January 2017

 

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: What is the ruling about a person who has taken multiple oaths in the past and breached every single one of them? The person has breached approximately 100 oaths. Is he now required to give Kaffarah for each oath breached or can he just give one kaffarah to suffice for all?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

The classical Hanafi scholars have differed whether breaching an oath multiple times results in multiple Kaffarahs or not. The mainstream position is that breaking multiple oaths does result in multiple Kaffarahs. In other words, to give Kaffarah for each broken oath is necessary.[1] This is because the penalty for breaching an oath is less severe compared to the Kaffarah of other acts of worship breached such as Ramadhān fast. The Kaffarah for breaching an oath is to either free a slave, clothe [or] feed ten poor people [miskeen] an adequate meal twice a day or alternatively give each miskeen money equivalent to fitrana. If one is unable to do any of the above [for instance, they themselves are poor] then as a last resort, fast for three consecutive days.

Nonetheless, Ibn Ābideen Shāmi rahimahullah (a renowned Hanafi jurist) quotes another opinion reported from Imām Muhammad rahimahullah (a renowned student of Imām Abū Haneefah rahimahullah) of a single Kaffarah incorporating multiple oaths breached. This means that one Kaffarah will suffice for the multiple oaths breached according to him.[2] The first position is the mainstream position whilst the second is the most lenient position.[3] Since the second position is also a valid position, in your particular case you may act on this; to give one Kaffarah to release yourself from the 100 oaths you breached only if giving Kaffarah 100 times proves difficult for you.

It must be noted that following the mainstream position is necessary but acting on the second opinion is valid only when genuine constraint is inevitable. However, sincere repentance from breaking the oath multiple times is also necessary.

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Ibn Nujaym, Bahrur Rāiq, Kitābul Aymān, p.490 vol 4

وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ الْمُصَنِّفُ مَسْأَلَةَ تَعْدَادِ الْكَفَّارَةِ لِتَعَدُّدِ الْيَمِينِ وَهِيَ مُهِمَّةٌ قَالَ فِي الظَّهِيرِيَّةِ وَلَوْ قَالَ: وَاَللَّهِ وَالرَّحْمَنِ وَالرَّحِيمِ لَا أَفْعَلُ كَذَا فَفَعَلَ فَفِي الرِّوَايَاتِ الظَّاهِرَةِ يَلْزَمُهُ ثَلَاثُ كَفَّارَاتٍ وَيَتَعَدَّدُ الْيَمِينُ بِتَعَدُّدِ الِاسْمِ لَكِنْ يُشْتَرَطُ تَخَلُّلُ حَرْفِ الْقَسَمِ وَرَوَى الْحَسَنُ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةً وَاحِدَةً وَبِهِ أَخَذَ مَشَايِخُ سَمَرْقَنْدَ وَأَكْثَرُ الْمَشَايِخِ عَلَى ظَاهِرِ الرِّوَايَةِ وَلَوْ قَالَ: وَاَللَّهِ وَالرَّحْمَنِ لَا أَفْعَلُ كَذَا فَفَعَلَ يَلْزَمُهُ كَفَّارَتَانِ فِي قَوْلِهِمْ جَمِيعًا وَالْفَرْقُ عَلَى قَوْلِ أُولَئِكَ الْمَشَايِخِ أَنَّ الْوَاوَ إذَا اتَّحَدَ ذِكْرُهُ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ وَاوَ عَطْفٍ وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ وَاوَ الْقَسَمِ وَلَا يَثْبُتُ الْقَسَمُ بِالشَّكِّ وَالِاحْتِمَالِ بِخِلَافِ مَا إذَا تَعَدَّدَ ذِكْرُهُ؛ لِأَنَّ أَحَدَهُمَا لِلْعَطْفِ وَالْآخَرَ لِلْقَسَمِ

Ibnul Humām, Fathul Qadeer Kitābul Aymān, p. 73 vol 5

[فُرُوعٌ: فِي تَعَدُّدِ الْيَمِينِ وَوَحْدَتِهَا وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ]

فَلَوْ قَالَ بِوَاوَيْنِ كَوَاللَّهِ وَوَالرَّحْمَنِ فَكَفَّارَتَانِ فِي قَوْلِهِمْ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ سِمَاعَةَ فِي غَيْرِ الْمُخْتَلِفَةِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ نَحْوَ وَاَللَّهِ وَاَللَّهِ مُطْلَقًا هَذَا قَبْلَ ذِكْرِ الْجَوَابِ. أَمَّا لَوْ قَالَ وَاَللَّهِ لَا أَفْعَلُ كَذَا ثُمَّ أَعَادَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ فَكَفَّارَتَانِ، وَكَذَا لَوْ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ وَاَللَّهِ لَا أَقْرَبُك ثُمَّ قَالَ وَاَللَّهِ لَا أَقْرَبُك فَقَرُبَهَا مَرَّةً لَزِمَهُ كَفَّارَتَانِ، رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ – رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -، وَسَوَاءٌ كَانَ فِي مَجْلِسٍ أَوْ مَجَالِسَ. وَرَوَى الْحَسَنُ أَنَّهُ إنْ نَوَى بِالثَّانِي الْخَبَرَ عَنْ الْأَوَّلِ صَدَقَ دِيَانَةً، وَهِيَ عِبَارَةٌ مُتَسَاهَلٌ فِيهَا، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُرِيدَ بِالثَّانِي تَكْرَارَ الْأَوَّلِ وَتَأْكِيدَهُ، اخْتَارَ هَذَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: فَإِنْ نَوَى بِهِ الْمُبَالَغَةَ أَوْ لَمْ يَنْوِ شَيْئًا يَلْزَمُهُ كَفَّارَتَانِ، وَقَدْ مَرَّ فِي الْإِيلَاءِ فِي التَّجْرِيدِ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ: إذَا حَلَفَ بِأَيْمَانٍ عَلَيْهِ لِكُلِّ يَمِينٍ كَفَّارَةٌ وَالْمَجْلِسُ وَالْمَجَالِسُ فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ. وَلَوْ قَالَ عَنَيْت بِالثَّانِي الْأَوَّلَ لَمْ يَسْتَقِمْ فِي الْيَمِينِ بِاَللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى وَلَوْ حَلَفَ بِحِجَّةٍ أَوْ عُمْرَةٍ يَسْتَقِيمُ، وَهَذَا يُخَالِفُ مَا رَوَى الْحَسَنُ. وَفِي الْخُلَاصَةِ عَنْ نُسْخَةِ الْإِمَامِ السَّرَخْسِيِّ فِي أَيْمَانِ الْأَصْلِ: إذَا حَلَفَ عَلَى أَمْرٍ أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَهُ ثُمَّ حَلَفَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَجْلِسِ أَوْ فِي مَجْلِسٍ آخَرَ أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَهُ أَبَدًا ثُمَّ فَعَلَهُ إنْ نَوَى يَمِينًا مُبْتَدَأَةً أَوْ التَّشْدِيدَ أَوْ لَمْ يَنْوِ فَعَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينَيْنِ، أَمَّا إذَا نَوَى بِالثَّانِي الْأَوَّلَ فَعَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ

[2] Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābul Aymān, p.486 vol 5

وَفِي الْبَحْرِ عَنْ الْخُلَاصَةِ وَالتَّجْرِيدِ: وَتَتَعَدَّدُ الْكَفَّارَةُ لِتَعَدُّدِ الْيَمِينِ، وَالْمَجْلِسِ وَالْمَجَالِسِ سَوَاءٌ

(قَوْلُهُ وَتَتَعَدَّدُ الْكَفَّارَةُ لِتَعَدُّدِ الْيَمِينِ) وَفِي الْبُغْيَةِ: كَفَّارَاتُ الْأَيْمَانِ إذَا كَثُرَتْ تَدَاخَلَتْ، وَيَخْرُجُ بِالْكَفَّارَةِ الْوَاحِدَةِ عَنْ عُهْدَةِ الْجَمِيعِ. وَقَالَ شِهَابُ الْأَئِمَّةِ: هَذَا قَوْلُ مُحَمَّدٍ. قَالَ صَاحِبُ الْأَصْلِ: هُوَ الْمُخْتَارُ عِنْدِي. اهـ. مَقْدِسِيٌّ، وَمِثْلُهُ فِي الْقُهُسْتَانِيُّ عَنْ الْمُنْيَةِ

[3] Ahsanul Fatawa, Kitābul Aymān vol 5 p. 495

 

Selling a Watch Acquired Through Gambling

jknfatawa1 Finance

20th December 2016

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: If a person won a watch through gambling and now regrets it, what should he do now? Can he sell it and if so, can a Muslim purchase it?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

In reference to your query, the watch received through gambling is considered unlawful possession. In principle, what you must do is return it or to dispose of it by giving it away to the neediest people without the intention of reward.[1] He cannot sell it, but because the watch is a merchandise that is permissible to use and fulfils the criteria of a shar’ee māl, if he does sell it on then the purchaser’s ownership is established.[2] The seller must give the money away into charity (without the intention of reward).[3]

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Ibn Ābideen Shāmi Durrul Mukhtar wa hashiyah Ibn Abideen, Book of Zakāt, Bāb Zakāt al-Ghanam, p 218 vol 3

(قَوْلُهُ: كَمَا لَوْ كَانَ الْكُلُّ خَبِيثًا) فِي الْقُنْيَةِ لَوْ كَانَ الْخَبِيثُ نِصَابًا لَا يَلْزَمُهُ الزَّكَاةُ؛ لِأَنَّ الْكُلَّ وَاجِبُ التَّصَدُّقِ عَلَيْهِ فَلَا يُفِيدُ إيجَابَ التَّصَدُّقِ بِبَعْضِهِ

[2] Tabyeenul Haqaiq, Sharh Kanzu Daqaiq, Kitāb al-Buyoo, Bāb Bai Fāsid p 44 vol 4- shamila

وَفَاسِدٌ وَهُوَ مَشْرُوعٌ بِأَصْلِهِ دُونَ وَصْفِهِ وَهُوَ يُفِيدُ الْحُكْمَ إذَا اتَّصَلَ بِهِ الْقَبْضُ

Ibn Ābideen Shāmi Durrul Mukhtar wa hashiyah Ibn Abideen, Kitāb al-Buyoo, Bāb Bai Fāsid p 49 vol 5- shamila

(قَوْلُهُ الْمُرَادُ بِالْفَاسِدِ الْمَمْنُوعُ إلَخْ) قَدْ عَلِمْت أَنَّ الْفَاسِدَ مُبَايِنٌ لِلْبَاطِلِ؛؛ لِأَنَّ مَا كَانَ مَشْرُوعًا بِأَصْلِهِ فَقَطْ يُبَايِنُ مَا لَيْسَ بِمَشْرُوعٍ أَصْلًا. وَأَيْضًا حُكْمُ الْفَاسِدِ أَنَّهُ يُفِيدُ الْمِلْكَ بِالْقَبْضِ وَالْبَاطِلُ لَا يُفِيدُهُ أَصْلًا، وَتَبَايُنُ الْحُكْمَيْنِ دَلِيلُ تَبَايُنِهِمَا،

Tabyeenul Haqaiq, Sharh Kanzu Daqaiq, Kitāb al-Buyoo, Bāb Bai Fāsid p 61 vol 4- shamila

(فَصْلٌ) (قَبَضَ الْمُشْتَرِي الْمَبِيعَ فِي الْبَيْعِ الْفَاسِدِ بِأَمْرِ الْبَائِعِ وَكُلٌّ مِنْ عِوَضَيْهِ مَالٌ مَلَكَ الْمَبِيعَ بِقِيمَتِهِ) مَعْنَاهُ أَنَّهُ إذَا قَبَضَهُ مَلَكَهُ وَلَزِمَهُ قِيمَتُهُ إذَا كَانَ الْقَبْضُ بِأَمْرِ الْبَائِعِ وَفِي الْعَقْدِ عِوَضَانِ وَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَالٌ……… وَشَرَطَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي الْعَقْدِ عِوَضَانِ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَالٌ لِيَتَحَقَّقَ رُكْنُ الْبَيْعِ وَهُوَ مُبَادَلَةُ الْمَالِ بِالْمَالِ لِيَخْرُجَ عَنْهُ الْبَيْعُ بِالْمَيِّتَةِ وَنَحْوِهِ

[3] Ibn Ābideen Shāmi Kitāb al-Buyoo. Bāb Bai al-Fāsid, p.298 vol 7

(فَيَأْخُذُ) الْمُشْتَرِي (دَرَاهِمَ الثَّمَنِ بِعَيْنِهَا لَوْ قَائِمَةً، وَمِثْلَهَا لَوْ هَالِكَةً) بِنَاءً عَلَى تَعَيُّنِ الدَّرَاهِمِ فِي الْبَيْعِ الْفَاسِدِ وَهُوَ الْأَصَحُّ (وَ) إنَّمَا (طَابَ لِلْبَائِعِ مَا رَبِحَ) فِي الثَّمَنِ لَا عَلَى الرِّوَايَةِ الصَّحِيحَةِ الْمُقَابِلَةِ لِلْأَصَحِّ، بَلْ عَلَى الْأَصَحِّ أَيْضًا لِأَنَّ الثَّمَنَ فِي الْعَقْدِ الثَّانِي غَيْرُ مُتَعَيِّنٌ، وَلَا يَضُرُّ تَعْيِينُهُ فِي الْأَوَّلِ كَمَا أَفَادَهُ سَعْدِيٌّ (لَا) يَطِيبُ (لِلْمُشْتَرِي) مَا رَبِحَ فِي بَيْعٍ يَتَعَيَّنُ بِالتَّعْيِينِ بِأَنْ بَاعَهُ بِأَزْيَدَ لِتَعَلُّقِ الْعَقْدِ بِعَيْنِهِ فَتَمَكَّنَ الْخُبْثُ فِي الرِّبْحِ فَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ

(قَوْلُ الْمُصَنِّفِ وَطَابَ لِلْبَائِعِ مَا رَبِحَ لَا لِلْمُشْتَرِي) صُورَةُ الْمَسْأَلَةِ مَا ذَكَرَهُ مُحَمَّدٌ فِي الْجَامِعِ الصَّغِيرِ: اشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ جَارِيَةً بَيْعًا فَاسِدًا بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَتَقَابَضَا وَرَبِحَ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا فِيمَا قَبَضَ يَتَصَدَّقُ الَّذِي قَبَضَ الْجَارِيَةَ بِالرِّبْحِ وَيَطِيبُ الرِّبْحُ لِلَّذِي قَبَضَ الدَّرَاهِمَ

Making up for Salāhs Missed During Unconsciousness

jknfatawa1 Salah

19th December 2016

 

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: A sister was involved in a terrible car accident, leaving her in a terrible state. For three weeks she was coming in and out of consciousness. The question is must she to make up for her missed Salah of those three weeks when she recovers?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

In reference to the above case, it is unclear as to what you mean by coming in and out of consciousness. There is the possibility that the patient was falling in and out of consciousness either during the day or during the week, resulting in missing a few Salāhs during the day in the former case or missing a complete days Salāh in the latter. The general rule is that if the patient fell unconscious over a day (resulting in missing six Salāhs consecutively) then it would not be necessary to make Qadha of those Salāhs because the rule of Takleef (liability) is now uplifted due to the condition.[1] If this was not the case, but only was in and out of consciousness in between the five Salāhs then they must make Qadha of those missed Salāhs. So remember that the obligation of Qadha is uplifted if the patient missed six Salāhs all at once. Anything less than that or more but intermittently enough time to pray Salāh then Qadah is still necessary.

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitābus Salāh, Qadha al-Fawait p. 134 vol 1

فَلَا قَضَاءَ عَلَى مَجْنُونٍ حَالَةَ جُنُونِهِ لِمَا فَاتَهُ فِي حَالَةِ عَقْلِهِ كَمَا لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ فِي حَالَةِ عَقْلِ+هِ لِمَا فَاتَهُ حَالَةَ جُنُونِهِ وَلَا عَلَى مُرْتَدٍّ مَا فَاتَهُ زَمَنَ رِدَّتِهِ وَلَا عَلَى مُسْلِمٍ أَسْلَمَ فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ مُدَّةً لِجَهْلِهِ بِوُجُوبِهَا وَلَا عَلَى مُغْمًى عَلَيْهِ وَمَرِيضٍ عَجَزَ عَنْ الْإِيمَاءِ مَا فَاتَهُ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالَةِ وَزَادَتْ الْفَوَائِتُ عَلَى يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ

Giving Hair Transplant

jknfatawa1 Medical

8th December 2016

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Is it permissible to give a hair transplant like in the case of giving organ?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

In reference to your query, the laws of hair and organ donation are not the same. Organ transplantation has been permitted in circumstances where the safety of one’s life or health is at stake. The human body survives and remains healthy when the organs function properly. A dysfunctional organ when not treated increases harm to the body affecting its day to day functioning. Safeguarding one’s life and averting harm from oneself is among the high priorities of the Shari’ah. Hair transplant on the other and is purely for cosmetic reasons which has no connection to the day to day function of the body nor placing one’s life or health at stake. People generally implant hair to enhance their physical appearance thus, it is not analogous to organ transplant. The Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam cursed those who attach hair with their own hair. The classical jurists explain that this prohibition is in reference to joining human hair only because it violates the human dignity.[1] It thus follows that if attaching human hair with another human hair is prohibited then donating one’s hair for transplant is also not permissible.

 [Allãh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Zuhayli, Fiqhul Islami wa addillatuhu  p. 578 vol 3

البَابُ السّابع: الحَظر والإباحة أحكام الشَّعر

ويحرم كما تقدم وصل الشعر بشعر آدمي آخر على الرجال والنساء الأيامى والمتزوجين، للتجمل وغيره، بلا خلاف، سواء كان شعر رجل أو امرأة، وسواء شعر المَحْرم والزوج وغيرهما بلا خلاف، لعموم الأدلة، ولأنه يحرم الانتفاع بشعر الآدمي وسائر أجزائه لكرامته، بل يدفن شعره وظفره وسائر أجزائه.

Kasāni, Badai Sanai p. 502-3 vol 6

كِتَابُ الِاسْتِحْسَانِ

وَيُكْرَهُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ أَنْ تَصِلَ شَعْرَ غَيْرِهَا مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ بِشَعْرِهَا لِقَوْلِهِ – عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ – «لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْوَاصِلَةَ وَالْمُسْتَوْصِلَةَ» وَلِأَنَّ الْآدَمِيَّ بِجَمِيعِ أَجْزَائِهِ مُكَرَّمٌ وَالِانْتِفَاعُ بِالْجُزْءِ الْمُنْفَصِلِ مِنْهُ إهَانَةٌ لَهُ وَلِهَذَا كُرِهَ بَيْعُهُ وَلَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ مِنْ شَعْرِ الْبَهِيمَةِ وَصُوفِهَا لِأَنَّهُ انْتِفَاعٌ بِطَرِيقِ التَّزَيُّنِ بِمَا يَحْتَمِلُ ذَلِكَ وَلِهَذَا احْتَمَلَ الِاسْتِعْمَالُ فِي سَائِرِ وُجُوهِ الِانْتِفَاعِ فَكَذَا فِي التَّزَيُّنِ

Sperm Donation without Marriage

jknfatawa1 Medical

5th December 2016

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: A particular sister intend to become pregnant from a donor. My questions are as follows;

  • Is it necessary upon her to have a Nikāh done with this donor? I am just thinking wouldn’t such an action without a Nikāh have implications on things like inheritance and who is a mahram, and who is not?
  • Is it permissible to have a Nikāh just for something like this? Would it be valid?
  • Will she have the Islamic right for a divorce because that’s what she intends to, she has no intention to live her life with a man, but merely wants a child.

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

As a point of principle, the only person a woman is allowed to receive a sperm from is her husband. Bearing children is a joint responsibility of the husband and wife requiring careful and skilful nurturing to safeguard the child’s welfare. A single mother would struggle to maintain this balance of nurturing without the life-long support from her husband. Marrying only for children and then to divorce upon the fulfilment of one’s needs is morally wrong. Marriage is a permanent union and should not be treated lightly. Once this is understood, the answers to your queries are as follows;

1) Yes, an Islamic Nikāh is fardh (obligatory) if she wants to have children. Randomly selecting a semen will not have implications on inheritance, mahram etc because the lineage will not be established to the donor outside of wedlock.[1] For the above factors to apply, Nikāh is necessary. But as pointed out, such method is not permissible.

2&3) She cannot simply have a Nikāh done for having children and thereafter request for a divorce. This conflicts with the general spirit of Nikāh in Islām because Nikāh is a lifelong commitment even after having children.

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Fatawa Hndiyyah Kitāb Talāq – Fasl fi Thuboot Nasab, vol 1 p.  564

وَلَوْ زَنَى بِامْرَأَةٍ فَحَمَلَتْ، ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا فَوَلَدَتْ إنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ لِسِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَصَاعِدًا ثَبَتَ نَسَبُهُ، وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ لِأَقَلَّ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ نَسَبُهُ إلَّا أَنْ يَدَّعِيَهُ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: إنَّهُ مِنْ الزِّنَا أَمَّا إنْ قَالَ: إنَّهُ مِنِّي مِنْ الزِّنَا فَلَا يَثْبُتُ نَسَبُهُ وَلَا يَرِثُ مِنْهُ كَذَا فِي الْيَنَابِيعِ.

Automatic Occurrence of Divorce

jknfatawa1 Divorce
Automatic Occurrence of Divorce

3rd October 2016

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: A man divorced his wife by giving one Talaq-e-Bain (an irrevocable divorce) on the 18th of September and thereafter pronounced another two automatic divorces to occur on the 18th of every month in the same session. What is the Islamic ruling regarding such divorce?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your divorce query, her husband divorcing her thrice by attaching a single divorce to the 18th of each month results in her being divorced thrice irrevocably instantly which means that they can no longer reunite as former couples during her waiting period and neither thereafter.[1] It will be presumed here that the three divorces have already occurred except that the effectiveness of the remaining two will be postponed to the specific dates. Even if the husband wishes to withdraw from his pronunciation of the divorces before their occurrence then he cannot.

Issuing a Talāq-e-Bain (irrevocable divorce)[2] first, however, does not prevent the remaining two divorces taking into effect during her Iddah period. According to the standard principle explained by the Hanafi jurists, clear (Sareeh) divorce issued after a Talāq Ba’in becomes attached with a Ba’in (as in the subsequent divorces still counts).[3] In other words when the husband issued a Talāq-e-Bain (which instantly terminates the marriage) and thereafter during her Iddah issued a second clear divorce then they will be attached with the former Talāq-e-Bain except that this divorce results in an irrevocable divorce.[4] And now by attaching a third divorce then by the end of her waiting period, she becomes divorced thrice.

As a side note, it must be remembered that Islam has given the husband the right to divorce up to three after which there is no possibility of re-joining. Scholars explain that the chances of three divorces mean that when he gives one (and then withdraws) then only two chances remain and if he gives two (and withdraws) then only one divorce remains after which the marriage now becomes irreconcilable.[5] In the above case, attaching a divorce to the specific date of every month renders each of them effective, resulting in all three divorces being used up at the end irrespective of the type of divorce issued.

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Ibn Nujaim, Bahr Raiq Kitāb Talāq Fasl Izafatut Talāq ila Zamān, p. 466 vol 3

وَفِي الذَّخِيرَةِ: الْحَاصِلُ أَنَّ الطَّلَاقَ إذَا أُضِيفَ إلَى وَقْتٍ لَا يَقَعُ مَا لَمْ يَجِئْ ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتُ، وَإِنْ أُضِيفَ الْوَقْتُ إلَى الطَّلَاقِ وَقَعَ لِلْحَالِ، وَتَوْضِيحُهُ فِيهَا وَقَيَّدَ بِقَوْلِهِ غَدًا لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ قَالَ: أَنْت طَالِقٌ لَا بَلْ غَدًا طَلُقَتْ السَّاعَةَ وَاحِدَةً، وَفِي الْغَدِ أُخْرَى كَذَا فِي الْمُحِيطِ مَعْزِيًّا إلَى أَبِي يُوسُفَ

 

Ibn Nujaim, Bahr Raiq Kitāb Talāq Bābul Kinayāt fi Talāq, p. 536 vol 3

وَالْمُعَلَّقُ بِالشَّرْطِ كَالْمُنَجَّزِ عِنْدَ وُجُودِهِ فَكَأَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْعِدَّة أَنْت طَالِقٌ بَائِنٌ وَلَوْ قَالَهُ وَقَعَ بِخِلَافِ أَنْتِ بَائِنٌ مُنْجَزًا فِي عِدَّةِ الْمُبَانَةِ لِأَنَّهُ صِفَةٌ لِلْمَرْأَةِ وَهِيَ لَمْ تَكُنْ مَحَلَّهُ لِأَنَّ مَحَلَّهُ مَنْ قَامَ بِهِ الِاتِّصَالُ، وَقَدْ انْقَطَعَتْ الْوَصْلَةُ بِالْإِبَانَةِ، وَالْمُضَافُ كَالْمُعَلَّقِ حَتَّى لَوْ قَالَ لَهَا أَنْت بَائِنٌ غَدًا نَاوِيًا الطَّلَاقَ ثُمَّ أَبَانَهَا ثُمَّ جَاءَ الْغَدُ وَقَعَتْ أُخْرَى

 

Ibn Abideen As-Shami Kitāb Talāq, Idhafatut Talāq ila Zamān, p.486 vol 4

(قَوْلُهُ أَوْ كُلَّ جُمُعَةٍ) مَحَلُّهُ مَا إذَا نَوَى كُلَّ جُمُعَةٍ تَمُرُّ بِأَيَّامِهَا عَلَى الدَّهْرِ أَوْ لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ نِيَّةٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ نِيَّتُهُ عَلَى كُلِّ يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ فَهِيَ طَالِقٌ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ حَتَّى تَبِينَ بِثَلَاثٍ ط عَنْ الْبَحْرِ. وَحَاصِلُهُ إنْ نَوَى بِالْجُمُعَةِ الْأُسْبُوعَ أَوْ أَطْلَقَ فَوَاحِدَةٌ، وَإِنْ نَوَى الْيَوْمَ الْمَخْصُوصَ فَثَلَاثٌ لِوُجُودِ الْفَاصِلِ بَيْنَ الْأَيَّامِ كَمَا يَتَّضِحُ قَرِيبًا ً

[2] A Tālaq-e-Bain is an irrevocable divorce whereby when the husband issues, it breaks the marriage instantly except that the wife must still observe her divorce period.

[3] Ibn Nujaim, Bahr Raiq Kitāb Talāq Bābul Kinayāt fi Talāq, p. 531 vol 3

(قَوْلُهُ: وَالصَّرِيحُ يَلْحَقُ الصَّرِيحَ، وَالْبَائِنَ) فَلَوْ قَالَ لَهَا: أَنْت طَالِقٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَنْت طَالِقٌ أَوْ طَلَّقَهَا عَلَى مَالِ وَقَعَ الثَّانِي وَكَذَا لَوْ قَالَ لَهَا: أَنْت بَائِنٌ أَوْ خَالَعَهَا عَلَى مَالٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا: أَنْت طَالِقٌ أَوْ هَذِهِ طَالِقٌ كَمَا فِي الْبَزَّازِيَّةِ يَقَعُ عِنْدَنَا لِحَدِيثِ الْخُدْرِيِّ مُسْنَدًا «الْمُخْتَلِعَةُ يَلْحَقُهَا صَرِيحُ الطَّلَاقِ مَا دَامَتْ فِي الْعِدَّةِ» وَلِمَا ذُكِرَ فِي الْأُصُولِ مِنْ بَحْثِ الْخَاصِّ أَطْلَقَهُ فَشَمِلَ الْمُنَجَّزَ، وَالْمُعَلَّقَ إذَا وُجِدَ شَرْطٌ فَكَمَا يَقَعُ فِي الْعِدَّةِ مُنْجَزًا يَقَعُ إذَا وُجِدَ شَرْطٌ فِيهَا.

Ibn Nujaim, Bahr Raiq Kitāb Talāq Bābul Kinayāt fi Talāq, p. 533 vol 3

قَوْلُهُ: وَالْبَائِنُ يَلْحَقُ الصَّرِيحَ) كَمَا إذَا قَالَ لَهَا: أَنْت طَالِقٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ أَنْت بَائِنٌ أَطْلَقَهُ فَشَمِلَ مَا إذَا خَالَعَهَا أَوْ طَلَّقَهَا عَلَى مَالٍ بَعْدَ الطَّلَاقِ الرَّجْعِيِّ فَيَصِحُّ وَيَجِبُ الْمَالُ كَمَا فِي الْخُلَاصَةِ

 

[4] Ibn Nujaim, Bahr Raiq Kitāb Talāq Bābul Kinayāt fi Talāq, p. 533 vol 3, Ibn Abideen As-Shami Kitāb Talāq, Bābul Kinayāt, p.540 vol 4

وَإِذَا لَحِقَ الصَّرِيحُ الْبَائِنَ كَانَ بَائِنًا لِأَنَّ الْبَيْنُونَةَ السَّابِقَةَ عَلَيْهِ تَمْنَعُ الرَّجْعَةَ كَمَا فِي الْخُلَاصَةِ

 

[5] Ahsanul Fatawa, Kitāb at-Talāq p.158 vol 5