Putting on the Ihrām Earlier

28th February 2020

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: I have a Question if you could answer for me. I am travelling from Manchester to Jeddah for Umrah. When and where should I wear my Ihrām? Can I possibly wear it from home? 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your query, it is most preferable for a person intending to perform umrah to put their Ihrām on from home especially if they are able to abstain from all the prohibited actions whilst in the state of Ihrām. [1] However, if this is not possible and your flight is travelling directly from Manchester to Jeddah, then it is advisable[2] that you either change on the aircraft (providing there are facilities to do so) or wear the Ihrām prior to boarding[3] the plane and read the 2 rakāt and talbiyyah more than an hour or so prior to flight landing.

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

Written by:  Maulana Anas Mullah      Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Fatawa Hindiyya, Kitabul Manasik, vol1, p221, Bab fil Mawaqit

فَإِنْ قُدِّمَ الْإِحْرَامُ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْمَوَاقِيتِ جَازَ وَهُوَ الْأَفْضَلُ إذَا أُمِنَ مُوَاقَعَةُ الْمَحْظُورَاتِ وَإِلَّا فَالتَّأْخِيرُ إلَى الْمِيقَاتِ أَفْضَلُ كَذَا فِي الْجَوْهَرَةِ النَّيِّرَةِ.

[2] Ibn Abideen Shaami, vol 2, p478, kitaabul Hajj

(لَا) يَحْرُمُ (التَّقْدِيمُ) لِلْإِحْرَامِ (عَلَيْهَا) بَلْ هُوَ الْأَفْضَلُ

[رد المحتار]
(قَوْلُهُ بَلْ هُوَ الْأَفْضَلُ) قَدَّمْنَا تَفْسِيرَ الصَّحَابَةِ الْإِتْمَامَ بِالْإِحْرَامِ مِنْ دُوَيْرَةِ أَهْلِهِ وَمِنْ الْأَمَاكِنِ الْقَاصِيَةِ.

قَالَ فِي فَتْحِ الْقَدِيرِ: وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ التَّقْدِيمُ عَلَى الْمَوَاقِيتِ أَفْضَلَ لِأَنَّهُ أَكْثَرُ تَعْظِيمًا وَأَوْفَرُ مَشَقَّةً وَالْأَجْرُ عَلَى قَدْرِ الْمَشَقَّةِ وَلِذَا كَانُوا يَسْتَحِبُّونَ الْإِحْرَامَ بِهِمَا مِنْ الْأَمَاكِنِ الْقَاصِيَةِ.

 

[3] Al Bahr al Raaiq, vol 2, p 343, Kitabul Hajj, Fasl fil Ihraam

Cosmetic Products Containing Urea; Permissible to Use or Not?

26th February 2020

 

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Is using foot cream or any other cosmetics which contains Urea permissible? Urea contains traces of urine so if not permissible then what about soaps that contain animal fat or pig, is that permissible as well or not? 

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

There are two parts to your query; urea substance and animal fat and pigs used in soaps. Regarding the first part, the cosmetic products and creams that contain urea ingredient are so to maintain the moisture on to the skin. Our body naturally produces and releases urea through sweat as well as through waste compound such as urine. Urea is a natural moisturiser for our skin that keeps the skin hydrated and healthy. People suffering from skin conditions such as dry skin and eczema do so because of the skin tissue breaking up. As a result, the skin surface releases moisture into the air and lacks water causing dryness and itchiness to the skin. Using emollient creams containing urea compensate for this predicament with a temporary solution by coating the skin surface with an instant moisturiser to rehydrate the skin. By mentioning urea, it gives the obvious impression that the urea ingredient can possibly be derived from animal urine. However, this is not always the case in cosmetic products as urea found in them is synthetically made in laboratories, using raw materials such as ammonia and carbon dioxide.[1]

So, from a Shar’ee viewpoint, there is no harm in using such creams containing synthetically formed substances such as urea as all are considered pure provided that no known impure ingredient is added. Should impure ingredients be added then one must see to it whether physical change has occurred or not. This leads onto the second part of your question that certain soaps contain impurity such as animal fat. If physical change has occurred whereby the traces of the impurity no longer exists then according to the view of Imām Muhammad rahimahullah, one of Imām Abu Haneefah’s rahimahullah senior students, the soap will be ruled as pure. Most Hanafi scholars have adopted this view due to public predicament.[2] This also applies to pig fat that when physical change occurs then the soap is permissible to use.[3]

 

 [Allãh Knows Best]

 

Written and Researched by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Some useful links on the topic

https://thenakedchemist.com/what-is-urea-and-its-benefits-in-skincare/

https://www.annmariegianni.com/ingredient-watch-list-urea-the-preservative-that-may-release-formaldehyde/

https://www.skin-remedies.com/urea-cream.html

 

[2] Ibn Humām, Fathul Qadeer, Kitāb at-Tahārah, Bāb al-Anjas wa Tatheer, vol 1 p. 202

وَكَذَا الْحِمَارُ إذَا مَاتَ فِي مُمْلِحَةٍ لَا يُؤْكَلُ الْمِلْحُ، وَهَذَا كُلُّهُ قَوْلُ أَبِي يُوسُفَ خِلَافًا لِمُحَمَّدٍ لِأَنَّ الرَّمَادَ أَجْزَاءٌ لِتِلْكَ النَّجَاسَةِ فَتَبْقَى النَّجَاسَةُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ فَالْتُحِقَتْ بِالنَّجِسِ مِنْ كُلِّ وَجْهٍ احْتِيَاطًا انْتَهَى.

وَكَثِيرٌ مِنْ الْمَشَايِخِ اخْتَارُوا قَوْلَ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَهُوَ الْمُخْتَارُ لِأَنَّ الشَّرْعَ رَتَّبَ وَصْفَ النَّجَاسَةِ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَقِيقَةِ، وَتَنْتَفِي الْحَقِيقَةُ بِانْتِفَاءِ بَعْضِ أَجْزَاءِ مَفْهُومِهَا فَكَيْفَ بِالْكُلِّ، فَإِنَّ الْمِلْحَ غَيْرُ الْعَظْمِ وَاللَّحْمِ، فَإِذَا صَارَ مِلْحًا تَرَتَّبَ حُكْمُ الْمِلْحِ وَنَظِيرُهُ فِي الشَّرْعِ النُّطْفَةُ نَجِسَةٌ وَتَصِيرُ عَلَقَةً وَهِيَ نَجِسَةٌ وَتَصِيرُ مُضْغَةً فَتَطْهُرُ، وَالْعَصِيرُ طَاهِرٌ فَيَصِيرُ خَمْرًا فَيَنْجَسُ وَيَصِيرُ خَلًّا فَيَطْهُرُ، فَعَرَفْنَا أَنَّ اسْتِحَالَةَ الْعَيْنِ تَسْتَتْبِعُ زَوَالَ الْوَصْفِ الْمُرَتَّبِ عَلَيْهَا. وَعَلَى قَوْلِ مُحَمَّدٍ فَرَّعُوا الْحُكْمَ بِطَهَارَةِ صَابُونٍ صُنِعَ مِنْ زَيْتٍ نَجِسٍ،

See Maulana Khalid Saifullah Rahmani, Jadeed Fiqhi Masail vol 1, p. 121

 

[3] See Mufti Kifayatullah, Kifayatul Mufti, Kitāb al-Tahārah, fourth Bab of soap, vol 2, p. 277-284

 

Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Tahārah, vol 1, p. 50

[الْبَابُ السَّابِعُ فِي النَّجَاسَةِ وَأَحْكَامِهَا وَفِيهِ ثَلَاثَةُ فُصُولٍ]

[الْفَصْلُ الْأَوَّلُ فِي تَطْهِيرِ الْأَنْجَاسِ]

الْحِمَارُ أَوْ الْخِنْزِيرُ إذَا وَقَعَ فِي الْمَمْلَحَةِ فَصَارَ مِلْحًا أَوْ بِئْرِ الْبَالُوعَةِ إذَا صَارَ طِينًا يَطْهُرُ عِنْدَهُمَا خِلَافًا لِأَبِي يُوسُفَ – رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -. كَذَا فِي مُحِيطِ السَّرَخْسِيِّ……….جُعِلَ الدُّهْنُ النَّجِسُ فِي الصَّابُونِ يُفْتَى بِطَهَارَتِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ تَغَيَّرَ. كَذَا فِي الزَّاهِدِيِّ

 

Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb al-Tahārah, Bāb al-Anjas, vol 1 p. 519

ثُمَّ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةُ قَدْ فَرَّعُوهَا عَلَى قَوْلِ مُحَمَّدٍ بِالطَّهَارَةِ بِانْقِلَابِ الْعَيْنِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْفَتْوَى وَاخْتَارَهُ أَكْثَرُ الْمَشَايِخِ خِلَافًا لِأَبِي يُوسُفَ كَمَا فِي شَرْحِ الْمُنْيَةِ وَالْفَتْحِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا. وَعِبَارَةُ الْمُجْتَبَى: جَعْلُ الدُّهْنِ النَّجِسِ فِي صَابُونٍ يُفْتَى بِطَهَارَتِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ تَغَيَّرَ وَالتَّغَيُّرُ يُطَهِّرُ عِنْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَيُفْتَى بِهِ لِلْبَلْوَى. اهـ. وَظَاهِرُهُ أَنَّ دُهْنَ الْمَيْتَةِ كَذَلِكَ لِتَعْبِيرِهِ بِالنَّجِسِ دُونَ الْمُتَنَجِّسِ إلَّا أَنْ يُقَالَ هُوَ خَاصٌّ بِالنَّجِسِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْعَادَةَ فِي الصَّابُونِ وَضْعُ الزَّيْتِ دُونَ بَقِيَّةِ الْأَدْهَانِ تَأَمَّلْ، ثُمَّ رَأَيْت فِي شَرْحِ الْمُنْيَةِ مَا يُؤَيِّدُ الْأَوَّلَ حَيْثُ قَالَ: وَعَلَيْهِ يَتَفَرَّعُ مَا لَوْ وَقَعَ إنْسَانٌ أَوْ كَلْبٌ فِي قِدْرِ الصَّابُونِ فَصَارَ صَابُونًا يَكُونُ طَاهِرًا لِتَبَدُّلِ الْحَقِيقَةِ. اهـ. ثُمَّ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ الْعِلَّةَ عِنْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ هِيَ التَّغَيُّرُ وَانْقِلَابُ الْحَقِيقَةِ وَأَنَّهُ يُفْتَى بِهِ لِلْبَلْوَى كَمَا عُلِمَ مِمَّا مَرَّ، وَمُقْتَضَاهُ عَدَمُ اخْتِصَاصِ ذَلِكَ الْحُكْمِ بِالصَّابُونِ، فَيَدْخُلُ فِيهِ كُلُّ مَا كَانَ فِيهِ تَغَيُّرٌ وَانْقِلَابُ حَقِيقَةٍ وَكَانَ فِيهِ بَلْوَى عَامَّةٌ، فَيُقَالُ: كَذَلِكَ فِي الدِّبْسِ الْمَطْبُوخِ إذَا كَانَ زَبِيبُهُ مُتَنَجِّسًا وَلَا سِيَّمَا أَنَّ الْفَأْرَ يَدْخُلُهُ فَيَبُولُ وَيَبْعَرُ فِيهِ وَقَدْ يَمُوتُ فِيهِ، وَقَدْ بَحَثَ كَذَلِكَ بَعْضُ شُيُوخِ مَشَايِخِنَا فَقَالَ: وَعَلَى هَذَا إذَا تَنَجَّسَ السِّمْسِمُ ثُمَّ صَارَ طَحِينَةً يَطْهُرُ، خُصُوصًا وَقَدْ عَمَّتْ بِهِ الْبَلْوَى وَقَاسَهُ عَلَى مَا إذَا وَقَعَ عُصْفُورٌ فِي بِئْرٍ حَتَّى صَارَ طِينًا لَا يَلْزَمُ إخْرَاجُهُ لِاسْتِحَالَتِهِ.

 

 

Is Orthodontic Treatment Permissible?

24th February 2020

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: I am aware of a Hadīth where Allāh Almighty cursed the one who files their teeth (amongst other things). I am considering having orthodontic treatment to correct tooth crowding, but in order to do this, they would have to shave the sides of the teeth around 2mm to make space and then place braces so to straighten the teeth to prevent them from protruding out of the mouth and ease when biting food. is this permissible?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer:

Orthodontic treatment covers a wide range of problems relating to the teeth, such as underbite, overbite, overcrowding and misplaced midline etc.[1] Different treatments are used depending on the situation to correct the condition e.g. braces, aligners and jaw repositioning. In the above case of overcrowding, the teeth would need to be reshaped this is known as ‘slenderising’, thereafter braces be attached to ensure the teeth remain aligned. [2]

Concerning your query, the prohibition in the Hadīth by the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam, refers to those occasions when women in those days filed and shaped their teeth to increase their beauty and to look younger.[3]

This resulted in purposefully enhancing or decreasing the natural features that Allāh Almighty created a person with. This type of change falls under the category of tagh’yeer al-khalq [altering the natural creation of Allāh I],[4] which is not allowed under any circumstance. Your case, on the other hand, is due to a medical reason (overcrowding of the teeth) which is to realign the shapes of the teeth to their natural position so to avert the difficulty when biting or chewing food. This prohibition, therefore, does not apply to you and you are permitted to undertake this treatment.[5]

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

 

Written by:  Apa Gul-e-Maryam        Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/life-stages/teen-oral-care/what-is-orthodontics

 

[2] https://www.smileworksliverpool.co.uk/blog/overcrowding-in-adults/

 

[3] Sharah Nawawi A’la Muslim, Hadith No 2125, Vol 14 , Pg 106

بالفاء والجيم والمراد مفلجات الأسنان بأن تبرد ما بين أسنانها الثنايا والرباعيات وهو من الفلج بفتح الفاء واللام وهي فرجة بين الثنايا والرباعيات وتفعل ذلك العجوز ومن قاربتها في السن إظهارا للصغر وحسن الأسنان لأن هذه الفرجة اللطيفة بين الأسنان تكون للبنات الصغار

 

[4] Sharah Sahih Bukhari Li Ibn Battaal, , Vol 9, Pg 167

باب: المتفلجات للحسن

فى هذا الحديث البيان عن رسول الله أنه لا يجوز لامرأة تغيير شىء من خلقها الذى خلقها الله عليه بزيادة فيه أو نقص منه التماس التحسن به لزوج أو غيره، لأن ذلك نقض منها خلقها إلى غير هيئته، وسواء فلجت اسنانها المستوية البنية ووشرتها أو كانت لها أسنان طوال فقطعت طلبا للحسن،

 

[5] Fathul Bari, Vol 10,Pg 377

قوله باب المتنمصات

قال ويستثنى من ذلك ما يحصل به الضرر والأذية كمن يكون لها سن زائدة أو طويلة تعيقها في الأكل أو إصبع زائدة تؤذيها أو تؤلمها فيجوز ذلك والرجل في هذا الأخير

Sharah Nawawi A’la Muslim, Hadith No 2125, Vol 14 , Pg 107

وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ الْمُتَفَلِّجَاتُ لِلْحُسْنِ فَمَعْنَاهُ يَفْعَلْنَ ذَلِكَ طَلَبًا لِلْحُسْنِ وَفِيهِ إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى أَنَّ الْحَرَامَ هُوَ الْمَفْعُولُ لطلب الحسن أما لواحتاجت إِلَيْهِ لِعِلَاجٍ أَوْ عَيْبٍ فِي السِّنِّ وَنَحْوِهِ فلابأس والله أعلم

 

 

Is Microblading the Eyebrows Permissible?

24th February 2020

 

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: I wanted to ask if microblading is permitted? It’s a form of semi-permanent makeup and can remain on the skin for a few weeks, months or years depending on what treatment is done. Also is there any fatwa/madhab that permits it or is it strictly prohibited?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer:

Microblading, also known as micro-needling or eyebrow embroidery is a semi-permanent tattoo that creates hair-like strokes through a pen containing very small needles [at times 12-15 needles]. These needles implant pigment into the skin (epidermis) causing the skin to bleed during the process. Microblading is a form of tattoo because the pigment is implanted under the skin. The only difference between traditional tattooing and microblading is that in tattooing, ink or pigment is added into the dermis layer of the skin to make it permanent whereas in microblading, the pigment is added into the epidermis layer of the skin resulting in a semi-permanent tattoo. [1]

Clearly, the microblading process involves the use of needles causing the skin to bleed when inserting pigments onto the layer of the eyebrow skin. The Shar’ee ruling of microblading is no different from the traditional method of tattooing of using needles even if it is semi-permanent, hence prohibited. Sayyiduna ‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ood states radhiyallahu anhu [reporting from the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam], “Allāh curses the one who does tattoos and the one who gets tattoos done, the one who has her eyebrows plucked, and those who have their teeth filed for the purpose of beautification, changing the creation of Allah.”[2] The Arabic term used for tattooing is الْوَشْمُ which means inserting needles into the skin to cause it to bleed, which is also the case with microblading of the eyebrows. [3] The last segment of the Hadeeth suggests that all forms of tattooing fall under the remit of altering the natural creation of Allāh Almighty. Ibn Katheer rahimahullah, whilst commenting on the verse where Iblis promised Allāh Almighty of instructing mankind to alter the natural creation of Allāh Almighty when he was expelled from Jannah for eternity, quotes the narration of Sayyiduna ‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ood radhiyallahu anhu to include tampering with the eyebrows and tattooing as part of changing Allah’s natural creation. [4] Microblading, although it is semi-permanent is no different in this regard.

In summary, microblading the eyebrows is not permissible like all other forms of body tattooing.

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

  

Written by:  Apa Sajeda        Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Taryn Brows. (2019). Microblading Explained | Taryn Brows. [online] Available at: https://tarynbrows.com/services/microblading/about-microblading/ [Accessed 2 Aug. 2019].

https://www.elle.com/beauty/a37438/semi-permanent-eyebrow-microblading/ [Accessed 6 Aug. 2019]

 

[2] Saheeh al-Bukhari: Hadith 4886

عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْوَاشِمَاتِ ، وَالْمُوتَشِمَاتِ ، وَالْمُتَنَمِّصَاتِ ، وَالْمُتَفَلِّجَاتِ لِلْحُسْنِ الْمُغَيِّرَاتِ خَلْقَ اللَّهِ ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدٍ ، يُقَالُ لَهَا أُمُّ يَعْقُوبَ ، فَجَاءَتْ ، فَقَالَتْ : إِنَّهُ بَلَغَنِي عَنْكَ أَنَّكَ لَعَنْتَ كَيْتَ وَكَيْتَ ، فَقَالَ : وَمَا لِي أَلْعَنُ مَنْ لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَمَنْ هُوَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ، فَقَالَتْ : لَقَدْ قَرَأْتُ مَا بَيْنَ اللَّوْحَيْنِ فَمَا وَجَدْتُ فِيهِ مَا تَقُولُ ، قَالَ : لَئِنْ كُنْتِ قَرَأْتِيهِ لَقَدْ وَجَدْتِيهِ أَمَا قَرَأْتِ : وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا سورة الحشر آية 7 ، قَالَتْ : بَلَى ، قَالَ : فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ نَهَى عَنْهُ ، قَالَتْ : فَإِنِّي أَرَى أَهْلَكَ يَفْعَلُونَهُ ، قَالَ : فَاذْهَبِي فَانْظُرِي ، فَذَهَبَتْ فَنَظَرَتْ فَلَمْ تَرَ مِنْ حَاجَتِهَا شَيْئًا ، فَقَالَ : لَوْ كَانَتْ كَذَلِكَ مَا جَامَعْتُهَا

 

[3] Asqalani, Ibn Hajar,Fathul Bari, Kitab Al Libas, vol 10 p372

وَالْمَوْشُومَاتِ وَهِيَ مَنْ يُفْعَلُ بِهَا الْوَشْمُ قَالَ أَهْلُ اللُّغَةِ الْوَشْمُ بِفَتْحٍ ثُمَّ سُكُونٍ أَنْ يُغْرَزَ فِي الْعُضْوِ إِبْرَةٌ أَوْ نَحْوُهَا حَتَّى يَسِيلَ الدَّمُ ثُمَّ يُحْشَى بِنَوْرَةٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهَا فَيَخْضَرُّ وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ الْوَاشِمَةُ الَّتِي تَجْعَلُ الْخِيلَانَ فِي وَجْهِهَا بِكُحْلٍ أَوْ مِدَادٍ وَالْمُسْتَوْشِمَةُ الْمَعْمُولُ بِهَا انْتَهَى وَذُكِرَ الْوَجْهُ لِلْغَالِبِ وَأَكْثَرُ مَا يَكُونُ فِي الشَّفَةِ وَسَيَأْتِي عَنْ نَافِعٍ فِي آخِرِ الْبَابِ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ أَنَّهُ يَكُونُ فِي اللِّثَةِ فَذِكْرُ الْوَجْهَ لَيْسَ قَيْدًا وَقَدْ يَكُونُ فِي الْيَدِ وَغَيْرِهَا مِنَ الْجَسَدِ وَقَدْ يُفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ نَقْشًا وَقَدْ يُجْعَلُ دَوَائِرَ وَقَدْ يُكْتَبُ اسْمُ الْمَحْبُوبِ وَتَعَاطِيهِ حَرَامٌ بِدَلَالَةِ اللَّعْنِ كَمَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْبَابِ وَيَصِيرُ الْمَوْضِعُ الْمَوْشُومُ نَجِسًا لِأَنَّ الدَّمَ انْحَبَسَ فِيهِ فَتَجِبُ إِزَالَتُهُ إِنْ أَمْكَنَتْ وَلَوْ بِالْجَرْحِ إِلَّا إِنْ خَافَ مِنْهُ تَلَفًا أَوْ شَيْنًا أَوْ فَوَاتَ مَنْفَعَةِ عُضْوٍ فَيَجُوزُ إِبْقَاؤُهُ وَتَكْفِي التَّوْبَةُ فِي سُقُوطِ الْإِثْمِ وَيَسْتَوِي فِي ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ وَالْمَرْأَةُ

 

[4] Al-Qur’an 4:119

وَّلَاُضِلَّـنَّهُمۡ وَلَاُمَنِّيَنَّهُمۡ وَلَاٰمُرَنَّهُمۡ فَلَيُبَـتِّكُنَّ اٰذَانَ الۡاَنۡعَامِ وَلَاٰمُرَنَّهُمۡ فَلَيُغَيِّرُنَّ خَلۡقَ اللّٰهِ

I shall surely misguide them and will surely give them hope and I shall instruct them so they cut the ears of cattle and I shall instruct them so they change the natural creation of Allah.

Ibn Katheer, Tafseer Ibn Katheer, vol 2, pg 367

‏ وَلَآمُرَنَّهُمْ فَلَيُغَيِّرُنَّ خَلْقَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يعني بذلك خصي الدواب، وقد رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَأَنَسٍ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ المسيب وعكرمة وأبي عياض وقتادة وأبي صالح وَالثَّوْرِيِّ، وَقَدْ وَرَدَ فِي حَدِيثٍ النَّهْيُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ «1» .وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيُّ: يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ الْوَشْمَ، وَفِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ، النَّهْيُ عَنِ الْوَشْمِ فِي الْوَجْهِ، وَفِي لَفْظٍ: لَعَنَ اللَّهُ مَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ «2» عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْوَاشِمَاتِ وَالْمُسْتَوْشِمَاتِ وَالنَّامِصَاتِ وَالْمُتَنَمِّصَاتِ، وَالْمُتَفَلِّجَاتِ لِلْحُسْنِ الْمُغَيِّرَاتِ خَلْقَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَلَا أَلْعَنُ «3» مَنْ لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، يَعْنِي قَوْلَهُ: وَما آتاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَما نَهاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا [الْحَشْرِ: 7] .

 

Can a Woman Return to her First Husband after Two Divorces?

Can a Woman Return to her First Husband after Two Divorces?

18th February 2020

 

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته 

Question: A woman received two divorces from her husband and completed her iddah (no rujoo). The following year both she and her ex-husband remarried without marrying anyone else in the interim. How many divorces does the husband return with for talaq mughalladha to occur, 3 or 1 (continuing from the previous 2)?

الجواب حامداً ومصلياً

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer:

Thank you for your above question. In the case where the wife remarries her former husband without marrying anyone else in the interim, then the husband returns with only one divorce if he previously issued two divorces. The husband will not return with full three divorces as there was no muhallil (second husband) who ended any form of prohibition or previously issued divorces.[1]

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

Written by:  Apa Sajeda        Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Al-Mughni, Kitaab al Rujat, v7 , pg 515

وَإِنْ رَغِبَ مُطَلِّقُهَا فِيهَا فَهُوَ خَاطِبٌ مِنْ الْخُطَّابِ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا بِرِضَاهَا بِنِكَاحٍ جَدِيدٍ وَتَرْجِعُ إلَيْهِ بِطَلْقَتَيْنِ وَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا اثْنَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا رَجَعَتْ إلَيْهِ بِطَلْقَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ بِغَيْرِ خِلَافٍ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ

Raddul Muhtar ala Durril Mukhtar, Kitab al Sulah. V5, pg 633 

قَوْلُهُ: وَكَانَ خُلْعًا) ظَاهِرُهُ أَنَّهُ يَنْقُصُ عَدَدُ الطَّلَاقِ فَيَمْلِكُ عَلَيْهَا طَلْقَتَيْنِ لَوْ تَزَوَّجَهَا بَعْدُ،.

Is Tallow Ingredient Pure?

16th February 2020

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: I use a fabric conditioner and I discovered it contains an ingredient called tallow. Upon contacting Unilever, a major company that deals with cosmetic products, they confirmed that it was an animal-derived product. My question is, would it be permissible to use such detergent product?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

Based on my enquiries and research into the matter, animal-derived ingredient exists across many cosmetic and food products.[1] Animal ingredient comes in different forms under different names so the scope of permissibility depends on whether or not such an ingredient results in a significant “Chemical” change whereby it forms into something else (a new product, with different properties) (McMurry, Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition). A detailed answer is necessary which should hopefully not only answer the case in question but apply across other cosmetic products also that contain similar ingredients as well.

So to begin with, what is Tallow? Tallow[2] is derived from the animal fat that is made by rendering (melting) the suet, the white fatty layer that surrounds the meat or organ; kidney or loin, of an animal such as sheep, goat, cow or pig. It mainly consists of glyceryl esters, (such as Tri-Glycerides) of oleic, palmitic, stearic acids, linoleic and myristic acid. These terms commonly appear on the ingredient packet, so one must be aware that they are animal fat.[3] Tallow exists in a wide variety of products such as paints, soaps, shaving creams, comfort detergent as well as other personal care products.[4] The reason why they are used in products is so to bind the mixture of the other chemicals together.[5] In doing so it makes the product conducive to fulfilling its purpose.

There are two key issues relevant to its Islamic fiqh perspective; the ruling of the fat derived from animals whether pure or impure and secondly, if the substance is deemed impure, then does its ruling change when added into cosmetic products in addition to other chemicals. Regarding the first point, the flesh and fat of an animal are deemed impure unless it is slaughtered by severing the throat; with or without the recital of Almighty Allāh’s blessed name on it. Cutting the throat causes to drain out all of the blood in the animal which is the main source of the animal’s impurity. Once the blood is drained out, then the flesh and fat (as well as the bone and skin) become pure, though not permissible to eat if it is a non-Halāl animal or a Halāl animal that is slaughtered without Allāh’s name being mentioned on it.[6] Hence, if it is proven that the animal was slaughtered before harvesting its fat to be rendered down into Tallow then it is deemed pure. Pig, however, is an exception to this ruling as it is regarded “absolute impure” – najis al-ayn compared to other non-Halāl animals. Its flesh, fat, skin or any of its body parts remain impure even after it is slaughtered.[7]

If the animal was not slaughtered, then this leads to the second point that does the ruling change or not if it has undergone significant “chemical change”?

The mainstream Hanafi jurists view that any impurity that undergoes significant change whereby its entity (the very molecular structure) changes into something else then so does its ruling change. The common example cited is alcohol changing into vinegar which becomes Halāl to consume and not vice-versa. Another case example is that if soap was manufactured with impure oil then the soap remains pure and permissible to use, with the similar reason that the impurity changes as a result of the additional ingredients in the soap. This is known as tabdeel-mahiyyat actual physical and chemical change of molecular property that either becomes something else or it no longer retains its original property and molecular structure. This view was maintained by Imām Muhammad rahimahullah, who is from amongst the senior Hanafi Jurists, which the later Hanafi jurists adopted due to public predicament.[8] In Abideen Shami rahimahullah, a contemporary Hanafi jurist argues that this principle is not restricted to soap only but applicable in all instances where the actual chemical change occurs.[9] This includes modern cosmetic products whereby due to the change of molecular property with addition to other chemicals become pure and permissible to use.

What constitutes actual chemical change (in some cases physical change or quality change – Tabdeel sifat) is a topic in itself but what is important to know is that certain chemical changes can lead to a change of physical property, provided that it is significant enough whereby it is referred to something else. This can at times occur due to other chemical additives etc. Therefore, it can be safely stated that Tallow or any other animal fats found in cosmetic products are permissible to use due to a higher chance of it undergoing chemical and physical change due to other chemical additives.

The above was the fatwa position but from a personal piety perspective, it is preferable to use those detergent and cosmetic products that are not derived from nor contain animal fat.

 

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

Written and researched by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] An example of food is margarine which contains natural fat from animals.

2.Tallow is molecule which is made up of mainly triglycerides and triesters (R,R’, R” = C11-C19 chains) (Animal fat), whose major constituents are derived from stearic and oleic acids. The Triglyceride can be broken down to simpler molecules by the process of “saponification”, which is the hydrolysis of the animal fat with an alkali. This normally occurs when the solid dry soap comes into contact with water. The alkalinity will come from the other suspended substances which the soap or cosmetic has been manufactured with. This is due to the LeBlanc Process which made Na2CO3, this process became commercially available in the 19 century. The end molecular products of the animal fats are a fatty aliphatic chain, the soap and a glycerol molecule. (McMurry J (2003), pg. 1027-1033). So the process of “Tabdeel-mahiyyat”, is evident. (Mufti Abu Bakar Karolia, Chemist)

[3] Some of these components can be derived from plants too but they are mostly obtained from animal fats. See the links below for more information on tallow.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallow

https://blog.kettleandfire.com/what-is-tallow/

https://www.britannica.com/science/tallow

https://gentleworld.org/hidden-animal-fats/

https://www.thesun.co.uk/money/2311208/tallow-animal-fat-new-notes/

https://www.dummies.com/food-drink/recipes/vegetarian-vegan/hidden-animal-ingredients-in-foods/

[4] Same reference as above

[5] McMurry J, (2003), Organic Chemistry, Page 1027-1033, 6th Edition, Brooks/Cole

[6] According to some sources, manufacturing companies receive the animal flesh from slaughterhouses. See the links above.

 

Kasān, Badā’i Sanāi, Kitāb al-Tahārah, vol 1 p. 86 – shamila

[فَصْلٌ بَيَانُ مَا يَقَعُ بِهِ التَّطْهِيرُ]

(وَمِنْهَا) الذَّكَاةُ فِي تَطْهِيرِ الذَّبِيحِ، وَجُمْلَةُ الْكَلَامِ فِيهَا أَنَّ الْحَيَوَانَ إنْ كَانَ مَأْكُولَ اللَّحْمِ فَذُبِحَ طَهُرَ بِجَمِيعِ أَجْزَائِهِ إلَّا الدَّمَ الْمَسْفُوحَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَأْكُولَ اللَّحْمِ فَمَا هُوَ طَاهِرٌ مِنْ الْمَيْتَةِ، مِنْ الْأَجْزَاءِ الَّتِي لَا دَمَ فِيهَا، كَالشَّعْرِ وَأَمْثَالِهِ، يَطْهُرُ مِنْهُ بِالذَّكَاةِ عِنْدَنَا.وَأَمَّا الْأَجْزَاءُ الَّتِي فِيهَا الدَّمُ كَاللَّحْمِ وَالشَّحْمِ وَالْجِلْدِ فَهَلْ تَطْهُرُ بِالذَّكَاةِ، اتَّفَقَ أَصْحَابُنَا عَلَى أَنَّ جِلْدَهُ يَطْهُرُ بِالذَّكَاةِ وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا يَطْهُرُ وَجْهُ قَوْلِهِ أَنَّ الذَّكَاةَ لَمْ تُفِدْ حِلًّا فَلَا تُفِيدُ طُهْرًا وَهَذَا؛ لِأَنَّ أَثَرَ الذَّكَاةِ يَظْهَرُ فِيمَا وُضِعَ لَهُ أَصْلًا، – وَهُوَ حِلُّ تَنَاوُلِ اللَّحْمِ – وَفِي غَيْرِهِ تَبَعًا فَإِذَا لَمْ يَظْهَرْ أَثَرُهَا فِي الْأَصْلِ كَيْفَ يَظْهَرُ فِي التَّبَعِ؛ فَصَارَ كَمَا لَوْ ذَبَحَهُ مَجُوسِيٌّ.(وَلَنَا) مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «دِبَاغُ الْأَدِيمِ ذَكَاتُهُ» أَلْحَقَ الذَّكَاةَ بِالدِّبَاغِ، ثُمَّ الْجِلْدُ يَطْهُرُ بِالدِّبَاغِ كَذَا بِالذَّكَاةِ؛ لِأَنَّ الذَّكَاةَ تُشَارِكُ الدِّبَاغَ فِي إزَالَةِ الدِّمَاءِ السَّائِلَةِ، وَالرُّطُوبَاتِ النَّجِسَةِ، فَتُشَارِكُهُ فِي إفَادَةِ الطَّهَارَةِ، وَمَا ذُكِرَ مِنْ مَعْنَى التَّبَعِيَّةِ فَغَيْرُ سَدِيدٍ؛ لِأَنَّ طَهَارَةَ الْجِلْدِ حُكْمٌ مَقْصُودٌ فِي الْجِلْدِ، كَمَا أَنَّ تَنَاوُلَ اللَّحْمِ حُكْمٌ مَقْصُودٌ فِي اللَّحْمِ، وَفِعْلُ الْمَجُوسِيِّ لَيْسَ بِذَكَاةٍ؛ لِعَدَمِ أَهْلِيَّةِ الذَّكَاةِ، فَلَا يُفِيدُ الطَّهَارَةَ فَتَعَيَّنَ تَطْهِيرُهُ بِالدِّبَاغِ، وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي طَهَارَةِ اللَّحْمِ وَالشَّحْمِ، ذَكَرَ الْكَرْخِيُّ فَقَالَ: كُلُّ حَيَوَانٍ يَطْهُرُ بِالدِّبَاغِ؛ يَطْهُرُ جِلْدُهُ بِالذَّكَاةِ، فَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَطْهُرُ لَحْمُهُ وَشَحْمُهُ وَسَائِرُ أَجْزَائِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْحَيَوَانَ اسْمٌ لِجُمْلَةِ الْأَجْزَاءِ.وَقَالَ بَعْضُ مَشَايِخِنَا وَمَشَايِخِ بَلْخٍ: إنَّ كُلَّ حَيَوَانٍ يَطْهُرُ جِلْدُهُ بِالدِّبَاغِ يَطْهُرُ جِلْدُهُ بِالذَّكَاةِ، فَأَمَّا اللَّحْمُ وَالشَّحْمُ وَنَحْوُهُمَا فَلَا يَطْهُرُ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَقْرَبُ إلَى الصَّوَابِ؛ لِمَا مَرَّ أَنَّ النَّجَاسَةَ لِمَكَانِ الدَّمِ الْمَسْفُوحِ، وَقَدْ زَالَ بِالذَّكَاةِ.

Ibn Nujaym, Bahr Rāiq, Kitāb al-Tahārah, vol 1 p. 189

وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ مَا طَهُرَ جِلْدُهُ بِالدِّبَاغِ طَهُرَ بِالذَّكَاةِ لَحْمُهُ وَجِلْدُهُ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ مَأْكُولًا أَوْ لَا أَمَّا طَهَارَةُ جِلْدِهِ، فَهُوَ ظَاهِرُ الْمَذْهَبِ كَمَا فِي الْبَدَائِعِ وَفِي النِّهَايَةِ أَنَّهُ اخْتِيَارُ بَعْضِ الْمَشَايِخِ وَعِنْدَ بَعْضِهِمْ إنَّمَا يَطْهُرُ جِلْدُهُ بِالذَّكَاةِ إذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ سُؤْرُهُ نَجِسًا اهـ. وَأَمَّا طَهَارَةُ لَحْمِهِ إذَا كَانَ غَيْرَ مَأْكُولٍ فَقَدْ اُخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ فَصَحَّحَ فِي الْبَدَائِعِ وَالْهِدَايَةِ وَالتَّجْنِيسِ طَهَارَتَهُ وَصَحَّحَ فِي الْأَسْرَارِ وَالْكِفَايَةِ وَالتَّبْيِينِ نَجَاسَتَهُ وَفِي الْمِعْرَاجِ أَنَّهُ قَوْلُ الْمُحَقِّقِينَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا وَفِي الْخُلَاصَةِ هُوَ الْمُخْتَارُ وَاخْتَارَهُ قَاضِي خان، وَفِي التَّبْيِينِ أَنَّهُ قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ الْمَشَايِخِ، وَأَمَّا الْمُصَنِّفُ فَقَدْ اخْتَلَفَ كَلَامُهُ فَصَحَّحَ فِي الْكَافِي نَجَاسَتَهُ وَاخْتَارَ فِي الْكَنْزِ فِي الذَّبَائِحِ طَهَارَتَهُ وَسَنَتَكَلَّمُ عَلَيْهَا بِدَلَائِلِهَا وَبَيَانِ مَا هُوَ الْحَقُّ ثَمَّةَ إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لَكِنْ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنْ الْكُتُبِ أَنَّ الذَّكَاةَ إنَّمَا تُوجِبُ الطَّهَارَةَ فِي الْجِلْدِ وَاللَّحْمِ إذَا كَانَتْ مِنْ الْأَهْلِ فِي الْمَحَلِّ، وَهُوَ مَا بَيْنَ اللَّبَّةِ وَاللَّحْيَيْنِ، وَقَدْ سَمَّى بِحَيْثُ لَوْ كَانَ مَأْكُولًا يَحِلُّ أَكْلُهُ بِتِلْكَ الذَّكَاةِ فَذَبِيحَةُ الْمَجُوسِيِّ لَا تُوجِبُ الطَّهَارَةَ؛ لِأَنَّهَا إمَاتَةٌ وَقَدْ قَدَّمْنَا عَنْ مِعْرَاجِ الدِّرَايَةِ مَعْزِيًّا إلَى الْمُجْتَبَى أَنَّ ذَبِيحَةَ الْمَجُوسِيِّ وَتَارِكِ التَّسْمِيَةِ عَمْدًا تُوجِبُ الطَّهَارَةَ عَلَى الْأَصَحِّ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَأْكُولًا، وَكَذَا نَقَلَ صَاحِبُ الْمِعْرَاجِ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ الطَّهَارَةَ عَنْ الْقُنْيَةِ أَيْضًا هُنَا وَصَاحِبُ الْقُنْيَةِ هُوَ صَاحِبُ الْمُجْتَبَى، وَهُوَ الْإِمَامُ الزَّاهِدِيُّ الْمَشْهُورُ عِلْمُهُ وَفِقْهُهُ

[7] Ibn Nujaym, Bahr Rāiq, Kitāb al-Tahārah, vol 1 p. 185

وَكُلُّ مَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ الذَّكَاةُ فَعَظْمُهُ لَا يَكُونُ نَجِسًا بِخِلَافِ الْآدَمِيِّ وَالْخِنْزِيرِ اهـ. وَكَذَا ذَكَرَ الْوَلْوَالِجِيُّ وَذَكَرَ فِي السِّرَاجِ الْوَهَّاجِ مَعْزِيًّا إلَى الذَّخِيرَةِ أَسْنَانَ الْكَلْبِ طَاهِرَةً وَأَسْنَانَ الْآدَمِيِّ نَجِسَةً؛ لِأَنَّ الْكَلْبَ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ الذَّكَاةُ بِخِلَافِ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَالْآدَمِيِّ اهـ. وَلَا يَخْفَى أَنَّ هَذَا كُلَّهُ عَلَى الْقَوْلِ بِطَهَارَةِ عَيْنِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ عَلَّلَهُ بِكَوْنِهِ يَطْهُرُ بِالذَّكَاةِ، وَأَمَّا عَلَى الْقَوْلِ بِنَجَاسَةِ عَيْنِهِ فَلَا تَعْمَلُ فِيهِ الذَّكَاةُ فَتَكُونُ أَسْنَانُهُ نَجِسَةً كَالْخِنْزِيرِ

 

[8] Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Tahārah, vol 1, p. 50

[الْبَابُ السَّابِعُ فِي النَّجَاسَةِ وَأَحْكَامِهَا وَفِيهِ ثَلَاثَةُ فُصُولٍ]

[الْفَصْلُ الْأَوَّلُ فِي تَطْهِيرِ الْأَنْجَاسِ]

الْحِمَارُ أَوْ الْخِنْزِيرُ إذَا وَقَعَ فِي الْمَمْلَحَةِ فَصَارَ مِلْحًا أَوْ بِئْرِ الْبَالُوعَةِ إذَا صَارَ طِينًا يَطْهُرُ عِنْدَهُمَا خِلَافًا لِأَبِي يُوسُفَ – رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -. كَذَا فِي مُحِيطِ السَّرَخْسِيِّ……….جُعِلَ الدُّهْنُ النَّجِسُ فِي الصَّابُونِ يُفْتَى بِطَهَارَتِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ تَغَيَّرَ. كَذَا فِي الزَّاهِدِيِّ

Muheet biryani, Kitāb al-Tahārah, vol 1, p. 191 – shamila

ولكنا لا نفتي بنجاسة الصابون لأنا لا نفتي بنجاسة الدهن؛ لأن الأصل الطهارة، والنجاسة يعارض أمراً نادراً وقع، إنما نفتي بنجاسة الدهن، ولا نفتي بنجاسة الصابون؛ لأن الدهن قد تغير وصار شيئاً آخر، وقد ذكرنا أن من مذهب محمد رحمه الله أن النجس يصير طاهراً بالتغيير، يفتى فيه بقول محمد رحمه الله لمكان عموم البلوى.

Ibn Nujaym, Bahr Rāiq, Kitāb al-Tahārah, vol 1 p. 394

وَفِي الْخُلَاصَةِ وَعَلَيْهِ الْفَتْوَى وَفِي فَتْحِ الْقَدِيرِ أَنَّهُ الْمُخْتَارُ؛ لِأَنَّ الشَّرْعَ رَتَّبَ وَصْفَ النَّجَاسَةِ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَقِيقَةِ وَتَنْتَفِي الْحَقِيقَةُ بِانْتِفَاءِ بَعْضِ أَجْزَاءِ مَفْهُومِهَا فَكَيْفَ بِالْكُلِّ فَإِنَّ الْمِلْحَ غَيْرُ الْعَظْمِ وَاللَّحْمِ فَإِذَا صَارَ مِلْحًا تَرَتَّبَ حُكْمُ الْمِلْحِ وَنَظِيرُهُ فِي الشَّرْعِ النُّطْفَةُ نَجِسَةٌ وَتَصِيرُ عَلَقَةً وَهِيَ نَجِسَةٌ وَتَصِيرُ مُضْغَةً فَتَطْهُرُ وَالْعَصِيرُ طَاهِرٌ فَيَصِيرُ خَمْرًا فَيُنَجَّسُ وَيَصِيرُ خَلًّا فَيَطْهُرُ فَعَرَفْنَا أَنَّ اسْتِحَالَةَ الْعَيْنِ تَسْتَتْبِعُ زَوَالَ الْوَصْفِ الْمُرَتَّبِ عَلَيْهَا وَعَلَى قَوْلِ مُحَمَّدٍ فَرَّعُوا الْحُكْمَ بِطَهَارَةِ صَابُونٍ صُنِعَ مِنْ زَيْتٍ نَجَسٍ اهـ. وَفِي الْمُجْتَبَى جَعْلُ الدُّهْنِ النَّجَسُ فِي صَابُونٍ يُفْتَى بِطَهَارَتِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ تَغَيَّرَ وَالتَّغْيِيرُ يُطَهِّرُ عِنْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَيُفْتَى بِهِ لِلْبَلْوَى

The similar ruling applies to if pig fat was found in soap and it is certain that it has undergone significant change then using the soap will be permissible. See Mufti Kifayatullah, Kifayatul Mufti, Kitāb al-Tahārah, fourth Bab of soap, vol 2, p. 277-284

 

[9] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb al-Tahārah, Bāb al-Anjas, vol 1 p. 519

ثُمَّ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةُ قَدْ فَرَّعُوهَا عَلَى قَوْلِ مُحَمَّدٍ بِالطَّهَارَةِ بِانْقِلَابِ الْعَيْنِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْفَتْوَى وَاخْتَارَهُ أَكْثَرُ الْمَشَايِخِ خِلَافًا لِأَبِي يُوسُفَ كَمَا فِي شَرْحِ الْمُنْيَةِ وَالْفَتْحِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا. وَعِبَارَةُ الْمُجْتَبَى: جَعْلُ الدُّهْنِ النَّجِسِ فِي صَابُونٍ يُفْتَى بِطَهَارَتِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ تَغَيَّرَ وَالتَّغَيُّرُ يُطَهِّرُ عِنْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَيُفْتَى بِهِ لِلْبَلْوَى. اهـ. وَظَاهِرُهُ أَنَّ دُهْنَ الْمَيْتَةِ كَذَلِكَ لِتَعْبِيرِهِ بِالنَّجِسِ دُونَ الْمُتَنَجِّسِ إلَّا أَنْ يُقَالَ هُوَ خَاصٌّ بِالنَّجِسِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْعَادَةَ فِي الصَّابُونِ وَضْعُ الزَّيْتِ دُونَ بَقِيَّةِ الْأَدْهَانِ تَأَمَّلْ، ثُمَّ رَأَيْت فِي شَرْحِ الْمُنْيَةِ مَا يُؤَيِّدُ الْأَوَّلَ حَيْثُ قَالَ: وَعَلَيْهِ يَتَفَرَّعُ مَا لَوْ وَقَعَ إنْسَانٌ أَوْ كَلْبٌ فِي قِدْرِ الصَّابُونِ فَصَارَ صَابُونًا يَكُونُ طَاهِرًا لِتَبَدُّلِ الْحَقِيقَةِ. اهـ. ثُمَّ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ الْعِلَّةَ عِنْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ هِيَ التَّغَيُّرُ وَانْقِلَابُ الْحَقِيقَةِ وَأَنَّهُ يُفْتَى بِهِ لِلْبَلْوَى كَمَا عُلِمَ مِمَّا مَرَّ، وَمُقْتَضَاهُ عَدَمُ اخْتِصَاصِ ذَلِكَ الْحُكْمِ بِالصَّابُونِ، فَيَدْخُلُ فِيهِ كُلُّ مَا كَانَ فِيهِ تَغَيُّرٌ وَانْقِلَابُ حَقِيقَةٍ وَكَانَ فِيهِ بَلْوَى عَامَّةٌ، فَيُقَالُ: كَذَلِكَ فِي الدِّبْسِ الْمَطْبُوخِ إذَا كَانَ زَبِيبُهُ مُتَنَجِّسًا وَلَا سِيَّمَا أَنَّ الْفَأْرَ يَدْخُلُهُ فَيَبُولُ وَيَبْعَرُ فِيهِ وَقَدْ يَمُوتُ فِيهِ، وَقَدْ بَحَثَ كَذَلِكَ بَعْضُ شُيُوخِ مَشَايِخِنَا فَقَالَ: وَعَلَى هَذَا إذَا تَنَجَّسَ السِّمْسِمُ ثُمَّ صَارَ طَحِينَةً يَطْهُرُ، خُصُوصًا وَقَدْ عَمَّتْ بِهِ الْبَلْوَى وَقَاسَهُ عَلَى مَا إذَا وَقَعَ عُصْفُورٌ فِي بِئْرٍ حَتَّى صَارَ طِينًا لَا يَلْزَمُ إخْرَاجُهُ لِاسْتِحَالَتِهِ.

قُلْت: لَكِنْ قَدْ يُقَالُ: إنَّ الدِّبْسَ لَيْسَ فِيهِ انْقِلَابُ حَقِيقَةٍ؛ لِأَنَّهُ عَصِيرٌ جَمَدَ بِالطَّبْخِ؛ وَكَذَا السِّمْسِمُ إذَا دُرِسَ وَاخْتَلَطَ دُهْنُهُ بِأَجْزَائِهِ فَفِيهِ تَغَيُّرُ وَصْفٍ فَقَطْ؛ كَلَبَنٍ صَارَ جُبْنًا، وَبُرٍّ صَارَ طَحِينًا، وَطَحِينٍ صَارَ خُبْزًا؛ بِخِلَافِ نَحْوِ خَمْرٍ صَارَ خَلًّا وَحِمَارٍ وَقَعَ فِي مَمْلَحَةٍ فَصَارَ مِلْحًا، وَكَذَا دُرْدِيُّ خَمْرٍ صَارَ طِرْطِيرًا وَعَذِرَةٌ صَارَتْ رَمَادًا أَوْ حَمْأَةً، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ انْقِلَابُ حَقِيقَةٍ إلَى حَقِيقَةٍ أُخْرَى لَا مُجَرَّدُ انْقِلَابِ وَصْفٍ كَمَا سَيَأْتِي – وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ –

 

Accepting Gifts from No-Muslims

16th February 2020

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Is it permissible to accept gifts from Non-Muslims?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer: In reference to the above query, it is permissible to accept gifts from non-Muslims,[1] as long as the gift is halal and it is from a permissible source.[2] Sayyiduna Anas radhiyallahu anhu narrates that a Jew once brought a sheep to the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam. He accepted the gift and ate from it.[3]

 

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

 

Written by:  Apa Gul-e-Maryam        Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Muheet Al Burhani,Kitab Karhiyya,Vol 5,Pg 367

وفي «عيون المسائل» : رجل أهدى إلى إنسان أو أضافه إن كان غالب ماله من حرام لا ينبغي أن يقبل ويأكل من طعامه ما لم يخبر أن ذلك المال حلال استقرضه أو ورثه، وإن كان غالب ماله من حلال فلا بأس بأن يقبل ما لم يتبين له أن ذلك من الحرام؛ وهذا لأن أموال الناس لا تخلو عن قليل حرام وتخلو عن كثيره، فيعتبر الغالب ويبنى الحكم عليه

 

[2] Fatawa Hindiyya,Kitab Karhiyya,Vol 5,Pg 342

أَهْدَى إلَى رَجُلٍ شَيْئًا أَوْ أَضَافَهُ إنْ كَانَ غَالِبُ مَالِهِ مِنْ الْحَلَالِ فَلَا بَأْسَ إلَّا أَنْ يَعْلَمَ بِأَنَّهُ حَرَامٌ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الْغَالِبُ هُوَ الْحَرَامَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ لَا يَقْبَلَ الْهَدِيَّةَ، وَلَا يَأْكُلَ الطَّعَامَ إلَّا أَنْ يُخْبِرَهُ بِأَنَّهُ حَلَالٌ وَرِثْتُهُ أَوْ اسْتَقْرَضْتُهُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ، كَذَا فِي الْيَنَابِيعِ.

 

[3] Fathul Bari,Chapter on Accepting Gifts from Mushrikeen,Vol 5,Pg 231,Hadith No. 2617

أَنَّ أُكَيْدِرَ دُومَةَ أَهْدَى لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثَوْبَ حَرِيرٍ فَأَعْطَاهُ عَلِيًّا فَقَالَ شَقِّقْهُ خُمُرًا بَيْنَ الْفَوَاطِمِ فَيُسْتَفَادُ مِنْهُ أَنَّ الْحُلَّةَ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا عَلِيٌّ فِي الْبَابِ الَّذِي قَبْلَهُ هِيَ هَذِهِ الَّتِي أَهْدَاهَا أُكَيْدِرٌ وَسَيَأْتِي الْمُرَادُ بِالْفَوَاطِمِ فِي اللِّبَاسِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ثَانِيهَا حَدِيثُ أَنَسٍ أَيْضًا أَنَّ يَهُودِيَّةً أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِشَاةٍ مَسْمُومَةٍ فَأَكَلَ مِنْهَا الْحَدِيثَ وَسَيَأْتِي شَرْحُهُ فِي غَزْوَةِ خَيْبَرَ مِنَ الْمَغَازِي وَاسْمُ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ الْمَذْكُورَةِ زَيْنَبُ وَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِي إِسْلَامِهَا كَمَا سَيَأْتِي
قَوْلُهُ فَأَكَلَ مِنْهَا فَجِيءَ بِهَا زَادَ مُسْلِمٌ وَأَحْمَدُ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ مِنَ الْوَجْهِ الْمَذْكُورِ هُنَا فَأَكَلَ مِنْهُ 

After Relocating, does the wife Read Qasr or Full Salah at her Parents House?

                16th February 2020

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question:  Once a woman is married and she moves into her husband’s house permanently, then when she returns to her family/parent’s house does she read qasar namaz or full? (Provided that all other conditions for qasar are met i.e. distance and length of stay)

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your query, when a woman relocates permanently from her parent’s home to her husband’s residence and the distance exceeds the 48 miles mark and stays there less than 15 days when visiting her parents then she must read qasr Salāh.[1] This is due to her watn asli (original residence) changing, as one watn asli can become void when another one is established.[2] Therefore, when she travels and meets the conditions as mentioned then the rules of qasr Salāh apply.

 

 

[Allāh Knows Best]

 

 

Written by:  Apa Gul-e-Maryam        Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Durrul Mukhtar, Baab Musafir, Vol 2, Pg 132

قوله والأصل أن الشيء يبطل بمثله) كما يبطل الوطن الأصلي بالوطن الأصلي ووطن الإقامة بوطن الإقامة ووطن السكنى بوطن السكنى، وقوله: وبما فوقه أي كما يبطل وطن الإقامة بالوطن الأصلي وكما يبطل وطن السكنى بالوطن الأصلي وبوطن الإقامة، وينبغي أن يزيد وبضده كبطلان وطن الإقامة أو السكنى بالسفر فإنه في البحر

Tabyeen Haqaiq,Baab Musafir,Vol 1,Pg 214

قوله وطن أصلي إلى آخره) ويسمى وطن القرار. اهـ. (قوله التي تأهل فيها) أي ومن قصده التعيش به لا الارتحال. اهـ. فتح (قوله أن يقيم فيه خمسة عشر إلى آخره) ويسمى وطن الإقامة وطنا مستعارا. اهـ. (قوله فصاعدا) أي على نية أن يسافر بعد ذلك. اهـ. فتح (قوله لا بإنشاء السفر ولا بوطن الإقامة إلى آخره)، والحاصل أن الوطن الأول، وهو الوطن الأصلي لا يبطل بالأخيرين؛ لأنهما دونه والثاني وطن الإقامة يبطل بالأول؛ لأنه فوقه وبالثاني؛ لأنه مثله وبالسفر؛ لأنه ضده والثالث، وهو وطن السكنى يبطل بالكل؛ لأن الكل فوقه وبالسفر

 

[2] Bahr Raiq, Baab Musafir, Vol 2, Pg 147

والوطن الأصلي هو وطن الإنسان في بلدته أو بلدة أخرى اتخذها دارا وتوطن بها مع أهله وولده، وليس من قصده الارتحال عنها بل التعيش بها وهذا الوطن يبطل بمثله لا غير، وهو أن يتوطن في بلدة أخرى وينقل الأهل إليها فيخرج الأول من أن يكون وطنا أصليا

               

 

Does an Ex-Mother In-Law or Ex Father In-Law Remain your Mahram?

Does an Ex-Mother In-Law or Ex Father In-Law Remain your Mahram?

12thFeruary 2020

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: A married couple – who have had a child together – are now divorced. Does the ex-mother-in-law/ex-father-in-law remain as mahaarim to the man and woman, respectively?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your particular question, the ex-mother in-law/father in-law remains a mahram even after divorce. According to a prophetic narration, the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wasallam said, “Any man who marries a woman and then divorces her before he consummates with her then he can marry her daughter but not her mother.”[1]According to Hasan al-Basri rahimahullah, it is makrooh (not permitted) for a woman to marry her husband’s father after divorce due to the Quranic verse, “…(and prohibited for you to marry] the wives of your sons” [4:23].[2] This the same view which the mainstream Hanafies have adopted. This suggests that even after divorce the mother/father in-law still remain a mahram.

 

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

 

 

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

 

[1] Kasān, Badā’i Sanāi, Kitāb al-Nikah, Fasl Muharramat bil Musaharat, vol 2 p. 258 – shamila

وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ – رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا – عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إذَا نَكَحَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَةً ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا فَلَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهَا وَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ الْأُمَّ» وَهَذَا نَصٌّ فِي الْمَسْأَلَتَيْنِ، وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ – رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ – قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ: – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَطَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا أَوْ مَاتَتْ عِنْدَهُ فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ بِنْتَهَا، وَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةَ فَطَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا أَوْ مَاتَتْ عِنْدَهُ فَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ أُمَّهَا»

 

[2] Musannaf ibn Abi Shaybah

16214 – أَبُو دَاوُدَ، عَنْ أَبِي حُرَّةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، فِي الرَّجُلِ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَطَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا أَيَتَزَوَّجُهَا أَبُوهُ؟ فَكَرِهَ، وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: {وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمْ} [النساء: 23]

 

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