Hajj & Umrah

30^th December 2017

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: We have planned to go for Umrah as a family and will be taking our newborn baby. Do any special considerations apply when entering the Haram e.g soiled nappies? Also, what must you do if, during Salāh, Tawāf or Sa’ee the child soils nappy or some of it falls onto the clothes?  Are any of these affected?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

In reference to your case, it is against the etiquettes of the Masjid to bring young children to the Masjid especially newborn for this same reason that they will be carrying filth in the Masjid in the form of a soiled nappy.[1] Whenever possible, you should exit the Masjid to change the nappy and should not change it inside the Masjid. It must be noted that only the Tawāf area is considered the Masjid. The area of Safa & Marwa and beyond is not part of the Masjid and hence, you can change your baby’s nappy there if you wish.

Cleanliness of the clothes and body from impure stains is not necessary for Tawāf & Sa’ee but a Sunnah and does not require a penalty.[2] A point of note here is that Sa’ee is a follower of Tawāf so if the Tawāf is valid, so is the Sa’ee and if not then no.[3] You may, therefore, carry your baby during these two occasions and need not worry if the child soils its nappy or some filth falls onto your clothes. Cleanliness from impurity and filth is, however, necessary for Salāh and must be washed if the quantity of the filth exceeds more than a dirham (£2 coin) otherwise the Salāh will not be valid. Likewise, you cannot hold your newborn baby whilst performing Salāh if its nappy is soiled otherwise your Salāh will not be valid. This is because the impurity is attributed to you and not to the baby, so it is as if you are carrying impurity.[4]

[Allãh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Binayah Sharhul Hidayah, Salatul Janazah fil Masjid, vol 3, p. 231 – Shamila

(ولأنه يحتمل تلويث المسجد) ش: أي ولأن فعل صلاة الجنازة في المسجد يحتمل تلويثه، وقد أمرنا بتنظيفه، وقد قال – عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ – «جنبوا مساجدكم صبيانكم ومجانينكم» فإذا أمروا أن يجبنوا الصبيان والمجانين المساجد فالميت أولى لأنه لا [……] له، فلا يؤمن منه تلويث المسجد.

[2] Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Manāsik, Bāb al-Jinayat, vol 1, p. 271

وَإِذَا طَافَ طَوَافَ الزِّيَارَةِ فِي ثَوْبٍ كُلُّهُ نَجَسٌ فَهَذَا وَمَا لَوْ طَافَ عُرْيَانًا سَوَاءٌ فَإِذَا كَانَ مِنْ الثَّوْبِ قَدْرَ مَا يُوَارِي عَوْرَتَهُ طَاهِرًا وَالْبَاقِي نَجِسًا جَازَ طَوَافُهُ وَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ،

Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb al-Hajj, vol 3 p. 470

(وَالطَّهَارَةُ فِيهِ) مِنْ النَّجَاسَةِ الْحُكْمِيَّةِ عَلَى الْمَذْهَبِ قِيلَ وَالْحَقِيقِيَّةِ مِنْ ثَوْبٍ وَبَدَنٍ وَمَكَانِ طَوَافٍ وَالْأَكْثَرُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ سُنَّةٌ مُؤَكَّدَةٌ

(قَوْلُهُ وَالْأَكْثَرُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ) أَيْ هَذَا النَّوْعُ مِنْ الطَّهَارَةِ فِي الثَّوْبِ وَالْبَدَنِ سُنَّةٌ مُؤَكَّدَةٌ شَرْحُ اللُّبَابِ

[3] Kasān, Bada’i Sanai, Kitāb al-Hajj, Fasl Sharait jawaz Sa’ee, vol 3 p. 86

أَنَّهُ يُشْتَرَطُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الطَّوَافُ عَلَى الطَّهَارَةِ عَنْ الْجَنَابَةِ وَالْحَيْضِ؛ لِأَنَّ السَّعْيَ مُرَتَّبٌ عَلَيْهِ وَمِنْ تَوَابِعِهِ، وَالطَّوَافُ مَعَ الْجَنَابَةِ وَالْحَيْضِ لَا يُعْتَدُّ بِهِ حَتَّى تَجِبَ إعَادَتُهُ فَكَذَا السَّعْيُ الَّذِي هُوَ مِنْ تَوَابِعِهِ وَمُرَتَّبٌ عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا كَانَ طَوَافُهُ عَلَى الطَّهَارَةِ عَنْ الْحَدَثَيْنِ فَقَدْ وُجِدَ شَرْطُ جَوَازِهِ فَجَازَ، وَجَازَ سَعْيُ الْجُنُبِ، وَالْحَائِضِ تَبَعًا لَهُ لِوُجُودِ شَرْطِ جَوَازِ الْأَصْلِ

[4] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābus Salāh, Bāb Shurootus Salāh, vol 2 p. 73

(هِيَ) سِتَّةٌ (طَهَارَةُ بَدَنِهِ) أَيْ جَسَدِهِ لِدُخُولِ الْأَطْرَافِ فِي الْجَسَدِ دُونَ الْبَدَنِ فَلْيُحْفَظْ (مِنْ حَدَثٍ) بِنَوْعَيْهِ، وَقَدَّمَهُ لِأَنَّهُ أَغْلَظُ (وَخَبَثٍ) مَانِعٍ كَذَلِكَ (وَثَوْبِهِ) وَكَذَا مَا يَتَحَرَّك بِحَرَكَتِهِ أَوْ يُعَدُّ حَامِلًا لَهُ كَصَبِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ نَجَسٌ إنْ لَمْ يَسْتَمْسِكْ بِنَفْسِهِ مَنَعَ وَإِلَّا لَا

(قَوْلُهُ كَصَبِيٍّ) أَيْ وَكَسَقْفٍ وَظُلَّةٍ وَخَيْمَةٍ نَجِسَةٍ تُصِيبُ رَأْسَهُ إذَا وَقَفَ (قَوْلُهُ إنْ لَمْ يَسْتَمْسِكْ) الْأَوْلَى حَذْفُ إنْ وَجَوَابِهَا لِأَنَّهُ تَمْثِيلٌ لِلْمَحْمُولِ، فَحَقُّ التَّعْبِيرِ أَنْ يَقُولَ كَصَبِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ نَجَسٌ لَا يَسْتَمْسِكُ بِنَفْسِهِ ط (قَوْلُهُ وَإِلَّا لَا) أَيْ وَإِنْ كَانَ يَسْتَمْسِكُ بِنَفْسِهِ لَا يَمْنَعُ لِأَنَّ حَمْلَ النَّجَاسَةِ حِينَئِذٍ يُنْسَبُ إلَيْهِ لَا إلَى الْمُصَلِّي

5^th August 2017

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: A particular individual told me that those people whilst in Makkah intend to perform second Umrah make a mistake by going to the Masjid A’isha to adorn their Ihram as this is not a designated Meeqat. The Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam sending Sayyidah A’isha radhiyallahu anha with her brother Abdur Rahman ibn Abu Bakr radhiyallahu anhu was an exception for her only. Her brother returning to Makkah without Ihram is evident of this. Please clarify this point.

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

In reference to your query, it is an error for someone to assume that Tan’eem – known as Masjid Ā’isha today, is not the meeqāt (designated boundary) for the people in Makkah who wish to perform Umrah. Tan’eem is approximately five miles away from Makkah Mukarramah. Historically, it has always been understood that Tan’eem falls within the boundaries of hill, outside of the Haram vicinity. This fact was never disputed among the mainstream classical jurists.

Imām Bukhāri rahimahullah relates an incident that during the farewell pilgrimage, when Sayyidah Ā’isha radhiyallahu anha started menstruating, the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam instructed her to perform all the acts of Hajj except for Tawāf (due to the prohibition of entering the Masjid in that state and the necessity of performing Tawāf in the state of purity). When she finished her menses and performed her Tawāf (most probably this was the Tawāf Ziyarat which is fardh) she requested the Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam to allow her to perform Umrah. The Messenger of Allāh sallallahu alayhi wasallam sent her with her brother, Sayyidunā Abdur Rahman ibn Abi Bakr radhiyallahu anhu, to Tan’eem and there she adorned her Ihrām.[1] Ibn Hajar rahimahullah (as well as other scholars) in his commentary affirms that Tan’eem is the closest meeqāt for the people of Makkah and makes no reference of it being specific for her only.

“It is narrated from Tareeq Ibn Abi Mulayka who narrates from (Sayyidah) Ā’isha radhiyallahu anha in her incident mentioning that Tan’eem is the closest to us from the Haram from where I performed Umrah. He (Imām Tahāwi) states that it is established that the boundary for the people of Makkah is the ‘hill’ and that Tan’eem and others are all the same (within the vicinity of the ‘hill’).”[2]

Imām Nawāwi rahimahullah commenting under the above Hadeeth also confirms the above position,

“As for the meeqāt for a makki for Umrah then the closest of the ‘hill’ is the incident of (Sayyidah) Ā’isha radhiyallahu anha that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam instructed her during Umrah to travel to Tan’eem and adorn her Ihrām from there and Tan’eem is on the edge of the ‘hill’.[3]  

Whilst scholars only differed with respect to the specific place of the hill vicinity in which tying one’s Ihram is superior, all agree that tying it in Tan’eem is permissible.[4] To conclude, it is permissible for a Makkah resident to tie his Ihram of Umrah from Tan’eem. In regards to her brother, not returning to Makkah in Ihram like her since he reached outside the boundaries of Haram, it could be argued that the exception was for him only as he acted as a facilitator for her.

[Allãh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Bukhāri No 1785

(قَوْلُهُ بَابُ عُمْرَةِ التَّنْعِيمِ)

جابِرِ بنِ عَبْدِ الله رَضِي الله تَعَالَى عَنْهُمَا قَالَ أهلَّ النبيُّ صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم هُوَ وأصْحَابُهُ بالحَجِّ ولَيْسَ مَعَ أحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ هَدْيٌ غَيرَ النبيِّ صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم وطَلْحَةَ وقَدِمَ عَلِيٌّ مِنَ اليَمَنِ ومَعَهُ هَدْيٌ فَقَالَ أهْلَلْتُ بِمَا أهَلَّ بِهِ النبيُّ صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم فأمَرَ النبيُّ صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم أصْحَابَهُ أنْ يَجْعَلوهَا عُمْرَةً ويَطُوفوا ثُمَّ يُقَصِّرُوا ويَحِلُّوا إلاَّ مَنْ كانَ مَعَهُ الهَدُيُ فقالُوا ننْطَلِقُ إلَى مِنىً وذَكَرُ أحَدِنَا يَقْطُرُ مَنيُّا فبَلَغَ النبيَّ صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم فَقَالَ لَوِ اسْتَقْبَلْتُ مِنْ أمْرِي مَا اسْتَدْبَرْتُ مَا أهْدَيْتُ ولَوْلا أنَّ مَعِي الْهَدْي لأَحْلَلْتُ وحاضَتْ عائِشَةُ رَضِي الله تَعَالَى عَنْهَا فنَسَكَتِ المَنَاسِكَ كُلَّهَا غَيْرَ أنَّهَا لَمْ تَطُف بِالبَيْتِ فلَمَّا طَهُرَتْ طافَتْ بِالْبَيْتِ قالتْ يَا رسولَ الله تَنْطَلِقُونَ بِحَجَّةٍ وعُمْرَةٍ وأنْطَلِقُ بِحَجٍّ فأمرَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمانِ بنَ أبِي بَكْرٍ أنْ يَخْرُجَ مَعَهَا إِلَى التَّنْعِيمَ فاعْتَمَرَتْ بَعْدَ الحَجِّ.

[2] Ibn Hajar Asqalāni, Fathul Bhari, Kitāb Umrah, Bāb Umrah Tan’eem, p. 765 vol 3

[3] Imām Nawāwi, Sharhu Nawāwi Bāb Mawaqeet Hajj pp. 84-8

[4] According to the Shafi’ee, tying Ihram from Ji’ranah is superior whilst the Hanafi and Hambali scholars view that Tan’eem is more virtuous. The Maliki scholars consider all the same assigning no specific virtuous to any one place. (See Dr Wahbah Zuhayli, Fiqhul Islami Wa adillatuhu p. 130 vol 3)

30^th October 2015

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: I intend to perform Hajj Tamattu and want to know what should I do if I menstruate before or after I enter into Ihrām. If before the 8th Dhul Hijjah, I still menstruate then how should I come out of Ihrām? If I cannot complete Umrah because of menstruation then should I cut my hair to come out of Ihrām? Because of menstruation, I could not complete Umrah before the 8th Dhul Hijjah, what type of Hajj must I make the intention of? Can I still make intention for Hajj of Tamattu?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

Menstrual related queries for women during Hajj are very common and can be somewhat complexed and confusing if not understood properly. There are number of scenarios in your question, from which the most common ones are outlined below so to give you a basic understanding of what to do in each given case.

You make the intention to perform Tamattu Hajj but envisage the possibility of either;

1. Menstruate before putting on your Ihrām and will finish before the 8^th of Dhul Hijjah (which is the 1^st day of Hajj), for instance, you stop on the 7^th, or
2. Menstruate after putting on your Ihrām but will stop before the 8^th of Dhul Hijjah, or
3. Menstruate before or after your Ihrām and will most likely extend beyond the 8^th, eventually entering into the actual days of Hajj.

In scenario 1 & 2 the ruling is straight forward, as in to simply remain in the state of Ihrām until you finish menstruating and thereafter have a bath and perform Umrah as Umrah can be performed any time before the 8^th Dhul-Hijjah. After coming out of the Umrah Ihrām, the Ihrām intention for Hajj must be renewed on the night of 8^th before Fajr.

The third scenario, more so relevant to your case is as follows,

1. If your menses starts after Ihrām of Umrah then you must come out of Ihrām by cutting your hair. This is known as rafdh – meaning abandoning or breaking your Umrah before completing its ritual acts. As a result of coming out of Ihrām of Umrah earlier, you must give a Damm (sacrifice a sheep or goat) and also make Qadha of the Umrah after completing your Hajj.[1]
2. In the case where you menstruate before putting on your Ihrām of Tamattu (with the likely chance of extending beyond the 8^th) then I would suggest you make the intention of Hajj of Ifrād instead. Ifrād means intending to perform Hajj alone, thus no need to worry about performing Umrah. The moment you reach Makkah (after making the intention of Ifrād) you will remain in the state of Ihrām until the 10^th of Dhul-Hijjah. There is no penalty for missing the initial Tawāf Qudoom. For a mufrid (the one performing Ifrād) sacrificing an animal on the 10^th of Dhul-Hijjah is not compulsory,[2] thus you may come out of Ihrām before that. But if you still intend to perform Tamattu then refer to the above.

[Allãh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Manāsik, Bāb Izāfatul Ihrām ilal Ihrām p. 280 vol 1

وَلَوْ أَحْرَمَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ ثُمَّ بِالْحَجِّ وَلَمْ يَأْتِ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ أَفْعَالِ الْعُمْرَةِ فَإِنَّهُ يَرْفُضُ الْعُمْرَةَ اتِّفَاقًا هَكَذَا فِي الْكَافِي فَإِنْ طَافَ لِعُمْرَتِهِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْوَاطٍ ثُمَّ أَحْرَمَ بِالْحَجِّ رَفَضَ الْحَجَّ بِلَا خِلَافٍ وَعَلَيْهِ دَمُ الرَّفْضِ أَيَّهُمَا رَفَضَهُ إلَّا أَنَّ فِي رَفْضِ الْعُمْرَةِ قَضَاءَهَا وَفِي رَفْضِ الْحَجِّ قَضَاءَهُ وَعُمْرَةً

Ibn Humām, Fathul Qadeer, Kitāb al-Hajj, p. 429 vol 2

وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ «قَوْلِ عَائِشَةَ – رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا – يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ تَنْطَلِقُونَ بِحَجَّةٍ وَعُمْرَةٍ وَأَنْطَلِقُ بِحَجٍّ؟ فَأَمَرَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مَعَهَا إلَى التَّنْعِيمِ فَاعْتَمَرَتْ بَعْدَ الْحَجِّ»

[2] Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Manāsik, Bāb Kaifiyyatu Adāil Hajj p. 255 vol 1

ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ إلَى مِنًى فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ نُسُكٌ ذَبَحَهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَلَا يَضُرُّهُ لِأَنَّهُ مُفْرِدٌ بِالْحَجِّ