11th May 2022
Question: My Father passed away in 2007 leaving a property in which all us siblings are living in. He left behind wife, 3 sons and 2 daughters. The property value at the time of his death was £200,000. At the time due to family circumstances, we were unable to distribute the shares from his property. This year, we have now decided to sell the property and distribute the value between us according to the Islamic shares. As we are already familiar with the Islamic shares, my question is should the shares be calculated according to the current market value i.e. £400,000 or from £200,000?
الجواب حامداً و مصلياً
In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Answer
In reference to your case scenario, the property in question must be distributed in accordance to the current market value i.e. £400,000 between the beneficiaries according to their Islamic shares. In principle, all of the beneficiaries are eligible to the usufruct of the estate left by your father. This means that whatever additional gain accrues on the property then they will receive that also. In this case, when the property share has not been distributed and its market value has increased to £400,000, their Islamic shares will now be calculated according to this value..[1]
[Allãh Knows Best]
Written and researched by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed
Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam
JKN Fatawa Department
[1] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābul Sharikah, vol 4 p. 325
[فَصْلٌ فِي الشَّرِكَةِ الْفَاسِدَةِ]
وَكَذَا لَوْ اجْتَمَعَ إخْوَةٌ يَعْمَلُونَ فِي تَرِكَةِ أَبِيهِمْ وَنَمَا الْمَالُ فَهُوَ بَيْنَهُمْ سَوِيَّةً، وَلَوْ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْعَمَلِ وَالرَّأْيِ
Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābul Sharikah, vol 4 p. 307
[تَنْبِيهٌ] يَقَعُ كَثِيرًا فِي الْفَلَّاحِينَ وَنَحْوِهِمْ أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ يَمُوتُ فَتَقُومُ أَوْلَادُهُ عَلَى تَرِكَتِهِ بِلَا قِسْمَةٍ وَيَعْمَلُونَ فِيهَا مِنْ حَرْثٍ وَزِرَاعَةٍ وَبَيْعٍ وَشِرَاءٍ وَاسْتِدَانَةٍ وَنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ، وَتَارَةً يَكُونُ كَبِيرُهُمْ هُوَ الَّذِي يَتَوَلَّى مُهِمَّاتِهِمْ وَيَعْمَلُونَ عِنْدَهُ بِأَمْرِهِ وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْإِطْلَاقِ وَالتَّفْوِيضِ، لَكِنْ بِلَا تَصْرِيحٍ بِلَفْظِ الْمُفَاوَضَةِ وَلَا بَيَانِ جَمِيعِ مُقْتَضَيَاتِهَا مَعَ كَوْنِ التَّرِكَةِ أَغْلَبُهَا أَوْ كُلُّهَا عُرُوضٌ لَا تَصِحُّ فِيهَا شَرِكَةُ الْعَقْدِ، وَلَا شَكَّ أَنَّ هَذِهِ لَيْسَتْ شَرِكَةَ مُفَاوَضَةٍ، خِلَافًا لِمَا أَفْتَى بِهِ فِي زَمَانِنَا مَنْ لَا خِبْرَةَ لَهُ بَلْ هِيَ شَرِكَةُ مِلْكٍ كَمَا حَرَّرْته فِي تَنْقِيحِ الْحَامِدِيَّةِ. ثُمَّ رَأَيْت التَّصْرِيحَ بِهِ بِعَيْنِهِ فِي فَتَاوَى الْحَانُوتِيِّ، فَإِذَا كَانَ سَعْيُهُمْ وَاحِدًا وَلَمْ يَتَمَيَّزْ مَا حَصَّلَهُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ بِعَمَلِهِ يَكُونُ مَا جَمَعُوهُ مُشْتَرَكًا بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ وَإِنْ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْعَمَلِ وَالرَّأْيِ كَثْرَةً وَصَوَابًا كَمَا أَفْتَى بِهِ فِي الْخَيْرِيَّةِ، وَمَا اشْتَرَاهُ أَحَدُهُمْ لِنَفْسِهِ يَكُونُ لَهُ وَيَضْمَنُ حِصَّةَ شُرَكَائِهِ مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ إذَا دَفَعَهُ مِنْ الْمَالِ الْمُشْتَرَكِ، وَكُلُّ مَا اسْتَدَانَهُ أَحَدُهُمْ يُطَالَبُ بِهِ وَحْدَهُ.