1st September 2018
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
Question: Is one allowed to give Zakāt money by 2-3 years in advanced? I’m aware one is allowed to give before the year ends but my question is can one give ‘few years ahead’?
الجواب حامداً ومصلياً
In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Answer:
With reference to your particular case, it is allowed to give advanced payment of Zakāt by a few years as long as the person possesses the complete Nisāb at the time of making advanced payments, otherwise not valid. Apart from possessing the complete Nisāb, there are two other conditions attached; first is that after paying 2-3 years in advance if the wealth fluctuates then at least some portion of the wealth should remain even if less than the Nisāb rate. If the Zakātable wealth reduced to zero then the advanced year’s payments will not be fulfilled. Zakāt must be paid again upon reaching the Nisāb rate of that year. The second condition is that the wealth must reach the Nisāb level towards the end of the second or third year. If less than the Nisāb then Zakāt won’t be obligatory in which case the advanced payments will become Nafil Sadaqah.[1]
[Allãh Knows Best]
Written by: Maulana Anas Mullah Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed
Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam
JKN Fatawa Department
[1] قَوْلُهُ: وَلَوْ عَجَّلَ ذُو نِصَابٍ) قَيَّدَ بِكَوْنِهِ ذَا نِصَابٍ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ مَلَكَ أَقَلَّ مِنْهُ فَعَجَّلَ خَمْسَةً عَنْ مِائَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ تَمَّ الْحَوْلُ عَلَى مِائَتَيْنِ لَا يَجُوزُ، وَفِيهِ شَرْطَانِ آخَرَانِ: أَنْ لَا يَنْقَطِعَ النِّصَابُ فِي أَثْنَاءِ الْحَوْلِ، فَلَوْ عَجَّلَ خَمْسَةً مِنْ مِائَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ هَلَكَ مَا فِي يَدِهِ إلَّا دِرْهَمًا ثُمَّ اسْتَفَادَ فَتَمَّ الْحَوْلُ عَلَى مِائَتَيْنِ جَازَ مَا عَجَّلَ، بِخِلَافِ مَا لَوْ هَلَكَ الْكُلُّ. وَأَنْ يَكُونَ النِّصَابُ كَامِلًا فِي آخِرِ الْحَوْلِ؛ فَلَوْ عَجَّلَ شَاةً مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ وَحَالَ الْحَوْلُ وَعِنْدَهُ تِسْعَةٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ دَفَعَهَا لِلْفَقِيرِ وَقَعَتْ نَفْلًا، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ قَائِمَةً فِي يَدِ السَّاعِي فَالْمُخْتَارُ كَمَا فِي الْخُلَاصَةِ وُقُوعُهَا زَكَاةً، وَتَمَامُهُ فِي النَّهْرِ وَالْبَحْرِ (قَوْلُهُ: لِسِنِينَ) بِأَنْ كَانَ لَهُ ثَلَثُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ دَفَعَ مِنْهَا مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ عَنْ الْمِائَتَيْنِ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً،
(رد المحتار، كتاب الزكوة، باب زكاة الغنم، جلد ٢، ص٢٩٣)
وَيَجُوزُ التَّعْجِيلُ لِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ سَنَةٍ لِوُجُودِ السَّبَبِ كَذَا فِي الْهِدَايَةِ.
(الفتاوي الهندية، كتاب الزكوة، باب في صدقة السواءم، فصل في المقدمة، جلد ١، ص١٧٦)