Remarrying after two divorces then how many divorces remain?

19th August 2019

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: If a person gives his wife one talāq raji, then does ruju and then gives one bāin, can he do nikah with same woman again during her Iddah of bāin? If so, then does he have one talaq left or three left as new?

 

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer

In reference to your query, the person in question who remarries the same woman after previously divorcing her twice now has one divorce remaining for an absolutely irrevocable divorce (talāq mughalladha). To explain the ruling, the Hanafi jurists have stated that principally, a talāq is attached to the previous divorce with the same woman – irrespective of the previous divorce was retracted or not – totalling to two divorces.[1] Islāmically, the husband is granted the upper limit of three divorces with the same woman which are not renewed so long as she is with the same man. Marrying the same woman during her waiting period after the second divorce is permitted, but does not necessarily abate the previous two divorces. The previous two divorces are only abated if she were to marry another man and consummates with him. In such a case, the second husband acts as a muhallil – one renewing the divorces to three for the previous husband (which is why this is necessary if her former husband divorced her thrice so that she can become halāl for her former husband). Since she remarried her former husband without marrying elsewhere, the two divorces are not renewed leaving him with only one divorce remaining.[2]

 

[Allãh Knows Best]

 

Written and researched by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Talāq, Bāb fi Iyqā Talāq, vol 1, p. 412

الطَّلَاقُ الصَّرِيحُ يَلْحَقُ الطَّلَاقَ الصَّرِيحَ بِأَنْ قَالَ أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ وَقَعَتْ طَلْقَةٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ تَقَعُ أُخْرَى وَيَلْحَقُ الْبَائِنُ أَيْضًا بِأَنْ قَالَ لَهَا أَنْتِ بَائِنٌ أَوْ خَالَعَهَا عَلَى مَالٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ وَقَعَتْ عِنْدَنَا وَالطَّلَاقُ الْبَائِنُ يَلْحَقُ الطَّلَاقَ الصَّرِيحَ بِأَنْ قَالَ لَهَا أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا أَنْتِ بَائِنٌ تَقَعُ طَلْقَةٌ أُخْرَى

[2] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb al-Talāq, Bāb Raj’at, vol 3 p. 409

(وَيَنْكِحُ مُبَانَتَهُ بِمَا دُونَ الثَّلَاثِ فِي الْعِدَّةِ وَبَعْدَهَا بِالْإِجْمَاعِ) وَمُنِعَ غَيْرُهُ فِيهَا لِاشْتِبَاهِ النَّسَبِ (لَا) يَنْكِحُ (مُطَلَّقَةً) مِنْ نِكَاحٍ صَحِيحٍ نَافِذٍ

 

Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Talāq, Bāb fi raj’ati fi ma tahillu, vol 1, p. 506

إذَا كَانَ الطَّلَاقُ بَائِنًا دُونَ الثَّلَاثِ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ وَبَعْدَ انْقِضَائِهَا وَإِنْ كَانَ الطَّلَاقُ ثَلَاثًا فِي الْحُرَّةِ وَثِنْتَيْنِ فِي الْأَمَةِ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ نِكَاحًا صَحِيحًا وَيَدْخُلَ بِهَا ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقَهَا أَوْ يَمُوتَ عَنْهَا كَذَا فِي الْهِدَايَةِ

 

Ibn Humām, Fathul Qadeer, Kitāb al-Talāq, Bāb fi raj’ati fi ma tahillu, vol 4 p. 157

وَإِذَا كَانَ الطَّلَاقُ بَائِنًا دُونَ الثَّلَاثِ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ وَبَعْدَ انْقِضَائِهَا) لِأَنَّ حِلَّ الْمَحَلِّيَّةِ بَاقٍ لِأَنَّ زَوَالَهُ مُعَلَّقٌ بِالطَّلْقَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَيَنْعَدِمُ قَبْلَهُ

(قَوْلُهُ لِأَنَّ حِلَّ الْمَحَلِّيَّةِ) تَرْكِيبٌ غَيْرُ صَحِيحٍ، وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنْ يُقَالَ لِأَنَّ حِلَّ الْمَحِلِّ بَاقٍ أَوْ لِأَنَّ الْمَحَلِّيَّةَ بَاقِيَةٌ، وَهَذَا لِأَنَّ الْمَحَلِّيَّةَ هِيَ كَوْنُ الشَّيْءِ مَحِلًّا وَلَا مَعْنَى لِنِسْبَةِ الْحِلِّ إلَيْهَا إذْ لَا مَعْنَى يَحِلُّ كَوْنُهَا مَحِلًّا (قَوْلُهُ لِأَنَّ زَوَالَهُ) مَرْجِعُ الضَّمِيرِ الْحِلُّ وَضَمِيرُ فَيَنْعَدِمُ لِلزَّوَالِ

 

Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb al-Talāq, Bāb Raj’at, vol p.

(وَالزَّوْجُ الثَّانِي يَهْدِمُ بِالدُّخُولِ) فَلَوْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ لَمْ يَهْدِمْ اتِّفَاقًا قُنْيَةٌ (مَا دُونَ الثَّلَاثِ أَيْضًا) أَيْ كَمَا يَهْدِمُ الثَّلَاثَ إجْمَاعًا لِأَنَّهُ إذَا هَدَمَ الثَّلَاثَ فَمَا دُونَهَا أَوْلَى خِلَافًا لِمُحَمَّدٍ

(قَوْلُهُ: وَالزَّوْجُ الثَّانِي) أَيْ نِكَاحُهُ نَهْرٌ (قَوْلُهُ: مَا دُونَ الثَّلَاثِ) أَيْ يَهْدِمُ مَا وَقَعَ مِنْ الطَّلْقَةِ، أَوْ الطَّلْقَتَيْنِ فَيَجْعَلُهُمَا كَأَنْ لَمْ يَكُونَا، وَمَا قِيلَ إنَّ الْمُرَادَ أَنَّهُ يَهْدِمُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ الْمِلْكِ الْأَوَّلِ فَهُوَ مِنْ سُوءِ التَّصَوُّرِ كَمَا نَبَّهَ عَلَيْهِ الْهِنْدِيُّ

 

Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Talāq, Bāb fi raj’ati fi ma tahillu, vol 1, p. 508

وَإِذَا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ طَلْقَةً أَوْ طَلْقَتَيْنِ وَانْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا وَتَزَوَّجَتْ بِزَوْجٍ آخَرَ وَدَخَلَ بِهَا ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا وَانْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا الْأَوَّلُ عَادَتْ إلَيْهِ بِثَلَاثِ تَطْلِيقَاتٍ وَيَهْدِمُ الزَّوْجُ الثَّانِي الطَّلْقَةَ وَالطَّلْقَتَيْنِ كَمَا يَهْدِمُ الثَّلَاثَ كَذَا فِي الِاخْتِيَارِ شَرْحِ الْمُخْتَارِ وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ كَذَا فِي الْمُضْمَرَاتِ

Al-Mughni, Kitāb al Rujat, v7 , pg 515

وَإِنْ رَغِبَ مُطَلِّقُهَا فِيهَا فَهُوَ خَاطِبٌ مِنْ الْخُطَّابِ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا بِرِضَاهَا بِنِكَاحٍ جَدِيدٍ وَتَرْجِعُ إلَيْهِ بِطَلْقَتَيْنِ وَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا اثْنَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا رَجَعَتْ إلَيْهِ بِطَلْقَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ بِغَيْرِ خِلَافٍ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ