Divorce

18th February 2020

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته 

Question: A woman received two divorces from her husband and completed her iddah (no rujoo). The following year both she and her ex-husband remarried without marrying anyone else in the interim. How many divorces does the husband return with for talaq mughalladha to occur, 3 or 1 (continuing from the previous 2)?

الجواب حامداً ومصلياً

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer:

Thank you for your above question. In the case where the wife remarries her former husband without marrying anyone else in the interim, then the husband returns with only one divorce if he previously issued two divorces. The husband will not return with full three divorces as there was no muhallil (second husband) who ended any form of prohibition or previously issued divorces.[1]

[Allāh Knows Best] 

Written by:  Apa Sajeda        Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Al-Mughni, Kitaab al Rujat, v7 , pg 515

وَإِنْ رَغِبَ مُطَلِّقُهَا فِيهَا فَهُوَ خَاطِبٌ مِنْ الْخُطَّابِ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا بِرِضَاهَا بِنِكَاحٍ جَدِيدٍ وَتَرْجِعُ إلَيْهِ بِطَلْقَتَيْنِ وَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا اثْنَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا رَجَعَتْ إلَيْهِ بِطَلْقَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ بِغَيْرِ خِلَافٍ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ

Raddul Muhtar ala Durril Mukhtar, Kitab al Sulah. V5, pg 633 

قَوْلُهُ: وَكَانَ خُلْعًا) ظَاهِرُهُ أَنَّهُ يَنْقُصُ عَدَدُ الطَّلَاقِ فَيَمْلِكُ عَلَيْهَا طَلْقَتَيْنِ لَوْ تَزَوَّجَهَا بَعْدُ،.

19^th August 2019

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: If a person gives his wife one talāq raji, then does ruju and then gives one bāin, can he do nikah with same woman again during her Iddah of bāin? If so, then does he have one talaq left or three left as new?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

In reference to your query, the person in question who remarries the same woman after previously divorcing her twice now has one divorce remaining for an absolutely irrevocable divorce (talāq mughalladha). To explain the ruling, the Hanafi jurists have stated that principally, a talāq is attached to the previous divorce with the same woman – irrespective of the previous divorce was retracted or not – totalling to two divorces.[1] Islāmically, the husband is granted the upper limit of three divorces with the same woman which are not renewed so long as she is with the same man. Marrying the same woman during her waiting period after the second divorce is permitted, but does not necessarily abate the previous two divorces. The previous two divorces are only abated if she were to marry another man and consummates with him. In such a case, the second husband acts as a muhallil – one renewing the divorces to three for the previous husband (which is why this is necessary if her former husband divorced her thrice so that she can become halāl for her former husband). Since she remarried her former husband without marrying elsewhere, the two divorces are not renewed leaving him with only one divorce remaining.[2]

[Allãh Knows Best]

Written and researched by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Talāq, Bāb fi Iyqā Talāq, vol 1, p. 412

الطَّلَاقُ الصَّرِيحُ يَلْحَقُ الطَّلَاقَ الصَّرِيحَ بِأَنْ قَالَ أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ وَقَعَتْ طَلْقَةٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ تَقَعُ أُخْرَى وَيَلْحَقُ الْبَائِنُ أَيْضًا بِأَنْ قَالَ لَهَا أَنْتِ بَائِنٌ أَوْ خَالَعَهَا عَلَى مَالٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ وَقَعَتْ عِنْدَنَا وَالطَّلَاقُ الْبَائِنُ يَلْحَقُ الطَّلَاقَ الصَّرِيحَ بِأَنْ قَالَ لَهَا أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا أَنْتِ بَائِنٌ تَقَعُ طَلْقَةٌ أُخْرَى

[2] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb al-Talāq, Bāb Raj’at, vol 3 p. 409

(وَيَنْكِحُ مُبَانَتَهُ بِمَا دُونَ الثَّلَاثِ فِي الْعِدَّةِ وَبَعْدَهَا بِالْإِجْمَاعِ) وَمُنِعَ غَيْرُهُ فِيهَا لِاشْتِبَاهِ النَّسَبِ (لَا) يَنْكِحُ (مُطَلَّقَةً) مِنْ نِكَاحٍ صَحِيحٍ نَافِذٍ

Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Talāq, Bāb fi raj’ati fi ma tahillu, vol 1, p. 506

إذَا كَانَ الطَّلَاقُ بَائِنًا دُونَ الثَّلَاثِ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ وَبَعْدَ انْقِضَائِهَا وَإِنْ كَانَ الطَّلَاقُ ثَلَاثًا فِي الْحُرَّةِ وَثِنْتَيْنِ فِي الْأَمَةِ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ نِكَاحًا صَحِيحًا وَيَدْخُلَ بِهَا ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقَهَا أَوْ يَمُوتَ عَنْهَا كَذَا فِي الْهِدَايَةِ

Ibn Humām, Fathul Qadeer, Kitāb al-Talāq, Bāb fi raj’ati fi ma tahillu, vol 4 p. 157

وَإِذَا كَانَ الطَّلَاقُ بَائِنًا دُونَ الثَّلَاثِ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ وَبَعْدَ انْقِضَائِهَا) لِأَنَّ حِلَّ الْمَحَلِّيَّةِ بَاقٍ لِأَنَّ زَوَالَهُ مُعَلَّقٌ بِالطَّلْقَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَيَنْعَدِمُ قَبْلَهُ

(قَوْلُهُ لِأَنَّ حِلَّ الْمَحَلِّيَّةِ) تَرْكِيبٌ غَيْرُ صَحِيحٍ، وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنْ يُقَالَ لِأَنَّ حِلَّ الْمَحِلِّ بَاقٍ أَوْ لِأَنَّ الْمَحَلِّيَّةَ بَاقِيَةٌ، وَهَذَا لِأَنَّ الْمَحَلِّيَّةَ هِيَ كَوْنُ الشَّيْءِ مَحِلًّا وَلَا مَعْنَى لِنِسْبَةِ الْحِلِّ إلَيْهَا إذْ لَا مَعْنَى يَحِلُّ كَوْنُهَا مَحِلًّا (قَوْلُهُ لِأَنَّ زَوَالَهُ) مَرْجِعُ الضَّمِيرِ الْحِلُّ وَضَمِيرُ فَيَنْعَدِمُ لِلزَّوَالِ

Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb al-Talāq, Bāb Raj’at, vol p.

(وَالزَّوْجُ الثَّانِي يَهْدِمُ بِالدُّخُولِ) فَلَوْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ لَمْ يَهْدِمْ اتِّفَاقًا قُنْيَةٌ (مَا دُونَ الثَّلَاثِ أَيْضًا) أَيْ كَمَا يَهْدِمُ الثَّلَاثَ إجْمَاعًا لِأَنَّهُ إذَا هَدَمَ الثَّلَاثَ فَمَا دُونَهَا أَوْلَى خِلَافًا لِمُحَمَّدٍ

(قَوْلُهُ: وَالزَّوْجُ الثَّانِي) أَيْ نِكَاحُهُ نَهْرٌ (قَوْلُهُ: مَا دُونَ الثَّلَاثِ) أَيْ يَهْدِمُ مَا وَقَعَ مِنْ الطَّلْقَةِ، أَوْ الطَّلْقَتَيْنِ فَيَجْعَلُهُمَا كَأَنْ لَمْ يَكُونَا، وَمَا قِيلَ إنَّ الْمُرَادَ أَنَّهُ يَهْدِمُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ الْمِلْكِ الْأَوَّلِ فَهُوَ مِنْ سُوءِ التَّصَوُّرِ كَمَا نَبَّهَ عَلَيْهِ الْهِنْدِيُّ

Fatawa Hindiyyah, Kitāb al-Talāq, Bāb fi raj’ati fi ma tahillu, vol 1, p. 508

وَإِذَا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ طَلْقَةً أَوْ طَلْقَتَيْنِ وَانْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا وَتَزَوَّجَتْ بِزَوْجٍ آخَرَ وَدَخَلَ بِهَا ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا وَانْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا الْأَوَّلُ عَادَتْ إلَيْهِ بِثَلَاثِ تَطْلِيقَاتٍ وَيَهْدِمُ الزَّوْجُ الثَّانِي الطَّلْقَةَ وَالطَّلْقَتَيْنِ كَمَا يَهْدِمُ الثَّلَاثَ كَذَا فِي الِاخْتِيَارِ شَرْحِ الْمُخْتَارِ وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ كَذَا فِي الْمُضْمَرَاتِ

Al-Mughni, Kitāb al Rujat, v7 , pg 515

وَإِنْ رَغِبَ مُطَلِّقُهَا فِيهَا فَهُوَ خَاطِبٌ مِنْ الْخُطَّابِ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا بِرِضَاهَا بِنِكَاحٍ جَدِيدٍ وَتَرْجِعُ إلَيْهِ بِطَلْقَتَيْنِ وَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا اثْنَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا رَجَعَتْ إلَيْهِ بِطَلْقَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ بِغَيْرِ خِلَافٍ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ

22^nd July 2019

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: I wanted to ask about the iddah period. A relative of mine her husband has passed away and she is in her iddah period for another 3 months. Her mother is abroad and critically ill. Is she allowed to travel to see her and complete her iddah period on return or abroad? They have said her mother may not have long left and could possibly pass while she is in her iddah period.

 الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

In reference to the above query, the woman in question does not have a clear necessity to leave the house.[1] Only in those instances where she is at risk of losing her home, life or livelihood is she permitted to leave her residence.[2] The person in question must remain in her late husband’s home and complete her remaining iddah.[3]

[Allāh Knows Best]

Written by:  Apa Gul-e-Maryam       Reviewed by: Mufti Abdul Waheed

Attested by: Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam  

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Bahr Raiq,Kitab Iddat,Vol 4,Pg 166

(قَوْلُهُ وَمُعْتَدَّةُ الْمَوْتِ تَخْرُجُ يَوْمًا وَبَعْضَ اللَّيْلِ) لِتَكْتَسِبَ لِأَجْلِ قِيَامِ الْمَعِيشَةِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا نَفَقَةَ لَهَا حَتَّى لَوْ كَانَ عِنْدَهَا كِفَايَتُهَا صَارَتْ كَالْمُطَلَّقَةِ فَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهَا أَنْ تَخْرُجَ لِزِيَارَةٍ وَلَا لِغَيْرِهَا لَيْلًا وَلَا نَهَارًا. وَالْحَاصِلُ أَنَّ مَدَارَ الْحِلِّ كَوْنُ خُرُوجِهَا بِسَبَبِ قِيَامِ شُغْلِ الْمَعِيشَةِ فَيَتَقَدَّرُ بِقَدْرِهِ فَمَتَى انْقَضَتْ حَاجَتُهَا لَا يَحِلُّ لَهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ صَرْفُ الزَّمَانِ خَارِجَ بَيْتِهَا كَذَا فِي فَتْحِ الْقَدِيرِ

[2] Badai Sanai,Kitab Ruj’aa,Vol 3,Pg 205-6

وَأَمَّا فِي حَالَةِ الضَّرُورَةِ فَإِنْ اُضْطُرَّتْ إلَى الْخُرُوجِ مِنْ بَيْتِهَا بِأَنْ خَافَتْ سُقُوطَ مَنْزِلِهَا أَوْ خَافَتْ عَلَى مَتَاعِهَا أَوْ كَانَ الْمَنْزِلُ بِأُجْرَةٍ وَلَا تَجِدُ مَا تُؤَدِّيهِ فِي أُجْرَتِهِ فِي عِدَّةِ الْوَفَاةِ فَلَا بَأْسَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ أَنْ تَنْتَقِلَ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ تَقْدِرُ عَلَى الْأُجْرَةِ لَا تَنْتَقِلُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمَنْزِلُ لِزَوْجِهَا وَقَدْ مَاتَ عَنْهَا فَلَهَا أَنْ تَسْكُنَ فِي نَصِيبِهَا إنْ كَانَ نَصِيبُهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا تَكْتَفِي بِهِ فِي السُّكْنَى وَتَسْتَتِرُ عَنْ سَائِرِ الْوَرَثَةِ مِمَّنْ لَيْسَ بِمَحْرَمٍ لَهَا

[3] Mabsoot Li Sarakhsi,Kitab Talaq,Vol 6,Pg 32

وَأَمَّا الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا فَلَهَا أَنْ تَخْرُجَ بِالنَّهَارِ لِحَوَائِجِهَا وَلَكِنَّهَا لَا تَبِيتُ فِي غَيْرِ مَنْزِلِهَا لِمَا رُوِيَ «أَنَّ فُرَيْعَةَ بِنْتَ مَالِكٍ بْنِ أَبِي سِنَانٍ أُخْتَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ – رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ – جَاءَتْ إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ زَوْجِهَا تَسْتَأْذِنُهُ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ فِي بَنِي خُدْرَةَ فَقَالَ – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – اُمْكُثِي فِي بَيْتِك حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُك»

13^th July 2018

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Is it permissible for a divorcee to relocate elsewhere to observe her iddah if her family members will harass and antagonize her?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

In reference to your query, the command for a divorced woman to observe her Iddah in the home in which she was residing with her husband is a Quranic command. Allāh Almighty states, “Do not drive them out of their homes and neither should they emerge themselves except if they come with clear shamelessness.”[1] She cannot relocate elsewhere to observe her waiting period of divorce unless she has a valid excuse. Such valid excuses include those that will cause her imminent physical or monetary harm, for instance, no financial support to cover her basic needs, fear of personal belongings being stolen, the roof of her house will collapse or no money to pay off the rent of the house for instance. Only in such cases can she now relocate elsewhere to observe her iddah.[2] In your particular case, therefore, you can relocate only if you are more than likely to suffer real physical or monetary harm through such harassment, otherwise, you must continue observing your waiting period in your husband’s accommodation until your iddah expires.

[Allãh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Qur’ān [Sūrah Talāq: 1]

[2] Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitābu Talāq, Bāb Iddah, vol 5 p. 223

(وَلَا تَخْرُجُ مُعْتَدَّةُ رَجْعِيٍّ وَبَائِنٌ) بِأَيِّ فُرْقَةٍ كَانَتْ عَلَى مَا فِي الظَّهِيرِيَّةِ وَلَوْ مُخْتَلِعَةً عَلَى نَفَقَةِ عِدَّتِهَا فِي الْأَصَحِّ اخْتِيَارٌ، أَوْ عَلَى السُّكْنَى فَيَلْزَمُهَا أَنْ تَكْتَرِيَ بَيْتَ الزَّوْجِ مِعْرَاجٌ (لَوْ حُرَّةً) أَوْ أَمَةً مُبَوَّأَةً وَلَوْ مِنْ فَاسِدٍ (مُكَلَّفَةً مِنْ بَيْتِهَا أَصْلًا) لَا لَيْلًا وَلَا نَهَارًا وَلَا إلَى صَحْنِ دَارٍ فِيهَا مَنَازِلُ لِغَيْرِهِ وَلَوْ بِإِذْنِهِ لِأَنَّهُ حَقُّ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى.

(قَوْلُهُ: مِنْ بَيْتِهَا) مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِقَوْلِهِ وَلَا تَخْرُجُ، وَالْمُرَادُ بِهِ مَا يُضَافُ إلَيْهَا بِالسُّكْنَى حَالَ وُقُوعِ الْفُرْقَةِ وَالْمَوْتِ هِدَايَةٌ، سَوَاءٌ كَانَ مَمْلُوكًا لِلزَّوْجِ، أَوْ غَيْرِهِ، حَتَّى لَوْ كَانَ غَائِبًا، وَهِيَ فِي دَارٍ بِأُجْرَةٍ قَادِرَةٌ عَلَى دَفْعِهَا فَلَيْسَ لَهَا أَنْ تَخْرُجَ بَلْ تَدْفَعُ وَتَرْجِعُ إنْ كَانَ بِإِذْنِ الْحَاكِمِ بَحْرٌ وَزَيْلَعِيٌّ. (قَوْلُهُ: أَصْلًا) تَعْمِيمٌ لِقَوْلِهِ لَا تَخْرُجُ، وَبَيَّنَهُ بِقَوْلِهِ لَا لَيْلًا وَلَا نَهَارًا. (قَوْلُهُ: فِيهَا مَنَازِلُ لِغَيْرِهِ) أَيْ غَيْرِ الزَّوْجِ، بِخِلَافِ مَا إذَا كَانَتْ لَهُ فَإِنَّ لَهَا أَنْ تَخْرُجَ إلَيْهَا وَتَبِيتَ فِي أَيِّ مَنْزِلٍ شَاءَتْ لِأَنَّهَا تُضَافُ إلَيْهَا بِالسُّكْنَى زَيْلَعِيٌّ. (قَوْلُهُ: وَلَوْ بِإِذْنِهِ) تَعْمِيمٌ أَيْضًا لِقَوْلِهِ وَلَا تَخْرُجُ، حَتَّى إنَّ الْمُطَلَّقَةَ رَجْعِيًّا وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مَنْكُوحَةً حُكْمًا لَا تَخْرُجُ مِنْ بَيْتِ الْعِدَّةِ. وَلَوْ بِإِذْنِهِ لِأَنَّ الْحُرْمَةَ بَعْدَ الْعِدَّةِ حَقُّ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَلَا يَمْلِكَانِ إبْطَالَهُ، بِخِلَافِ مَا قَبْلَهَا لِأَنَّهَا حَقُّ الزَّوْجِ فَيَمْلِكُ إبْطَالَهُ بَحْرٌ

Hidayah wa Ibn Humām, Fathul Qadeer, Kitābu Talāq, Bāb Iddah, vol 4 p. 309-11

(وَلَا يَجُوزُ لِلْمُطَلَّقَةِ الرَّجْعِيَّةِ وَالْمَبْتُوتَةِ الْخُرُوجُ مِنْ بَيْتِهَا لَيْلًا وَلَا نَهَارًا، وَالْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا تَخْرُجُ نَهَارًا وَبَعْضَ اللَّيْلِ وَلَا تَبِيتُ فِي غَيْرِ مَنْزِلِهَا) أَمَّا الْمُطَلَّقَةُ فَلِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {لا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ} [الطلاق: 1] قِيلَ الْفَاحِشَةُ نَفْسُ الْخُرُوجِ، وَقِيلَ الزِّنَا، وَيَخْرُجْنَ لِإِقَامَةِ الْحَدِّ………..

(وَعَلَى الْمُعْتَدَّةِ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ فِي الْمَنْزِلِ الَّذِي يُضَافُ إلَيْهَا بِالسُّكْنَى حَالَ وُقُوعِ الْفُرْقَةِ وَالْمَوْتِ) لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {لا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ} [الطلاق: 1] وَالْبَيْتُ الْمُضَافُ إلَيْهَا هُوَ الْبَيْتُ الَّذِي تَسْكُنُهُ، وَلِهَذَا لَوْ زَارَتْ أَهْلَهَا وَطَلَّقَهَا زَوْجُهَا كَانَ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَعُودَ إلَى مَنْزِلِهَا فَتَعْتَدَّ فِيهِ وَقَالَ – عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ – لِلَّتِي قُتِلَ زَوْجُهَا «اُسْكُنِي فِي بَيْتِكِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ» (وَإِنْ كَانَ نَصِيبُهَا مِنْ دَارِ الْمَيِّتِ لَا يَكْفِيهَا فَأَخْرَجَهَا الْوَرَثَةُ مِنْ نَصِيبِهِمْ) انْتَقَلَتْ، لِأَنَّ هَذَا انْتِقَالٌ بِعُذْرٍ، وَالْعِبَادَاتُ تُؤَثِّرُ فِيهَا الْأَعْذَارُ فَصَارَ كَمَا إذَا خَافَتْ عَلَى مَتَاعِهَا أَوْ خَافَتْ سُقُوطَ الْمَنْزِلِ أَوْ كَانَتْ فِيمَا بِأَجْرٍ وَلَا تَجِدُ مَا تُؤَدِّيهِ

(قَوْلُهُ وَصَارَ كَمَا إذَا خَافَتْ عَلَى مَتَاعِهَا اللُّصُوصَ إلَخْ) أَيْ فَإِنَّهَا تَخْرُجُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ عُذْرٌ. وَإِذَا خَرَجَتْ إلَى مَنْزِلٍ لِلْعُذْرِ صَارَ الثَّانِي كَالْأَوَّلِ فَلَا تَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ إلَّا لِعُذْرٍ وَتَعْيِينُ الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي تَنْتَقِلُ إلَيْهِ فِي عِدَّةِ الطَّلَاقِ إلَى الزَّوْجِ وَفِي عِدَّةِ الْوَفَاةِ إلَيْهَا لِأَنَّهَا مُسْتَبِدَّةٌ فِي أَمْرِ السُّكْنَى حَتَّى أَنَّ أُجْرَةَ الْمَنْزِلِ إنْ كَانَ بِأَجْرٍ عَلَيْهَا وَعَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَسْكُنَ فِيهِ إلَّا أَنْ لَا تَجِدَ الْكِرَاءَ وَتَجِدَ مَا هُوَ بِلَا كِرَاءٍ فَلَهَا أَنْ تَتَحَوَّلَ إلَيْهِ، وَكَذَا فِي الزَّوْجِ الْغَائِبِ، وَلَا تَخْرُجُ الْمُعْتَدَّةُ إلَى صَحْنِ الدَّارِ الَّتِي فِيهَا مَنَازِلُ الْأَجَانِبِ لِأَنَّهُ كَالْخُرُوجِ إلَى السِّكَّةِ، وَلِهَذَا يُقْطَعُ السَّارِقُ بِإِخْرَاجِ الْمَتَاعِ إلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الدَّارِ مَنَازِلُ بَلْ بُيُوتٌ جَازَ لَهَا الْخُرُوجُ إلَى صَحْنِهَا وَلَا تَصِيرُ بِهِ خَارِجَةً عَنْ الدَّارِ وَتَبِيتُ فِي أَيِّ بَيْتٍ شَاءَتْ مِنْهَا.

11^th October 2017

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: What is the ruling if a man divorces his wife due to the effect of black magic or epilepsy?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

In the Shari’ah, Talāq takes into effect if the husband pronounced it while he was mentally stable. This means that he was fully conscious of his surroundings and knew exactly what he was uttering at the time irrespective of whether he was angry or not. In order to determine the effectiveness of divorce, we must resort to the rules of junoon (mentally insane). The Fuqaha describe junoon as the seizure of the faculty of aql (rationale) whereby one is unable to distinguish between right from wrong and starts to behave abnormally. Junoon occurs either due to a natural calamity that struck him removing his mind from its stability state or the overpowering of a Jinn inciting him to utter corrupt words (including divorce).[1] Such a person becomes totally unaware of what he did or said during that moment.

In your particular case, whether doctors describe it as epileptic fit or the Āmils consider it to be the effect of black magic, Talāq will not take into effect if he was in the state of junoon as described above. This is determined when upon questioning him, he genuinely cannot recall his past actions and what he said at the time.

[Allãh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Bahr Raiq Nawaqizul Wudhu, p. 76 vol 1

وَأَمَّا الْجُنُونُ فَهُوَ زَوَالُ الْعَقْلِ وَنَقْضُهُ ظَاهِرٌ بِاعْتِبَارِ عَدَمِ مُبَالَاتِهِ وَتَمْيِيزِ الْحَدَثِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ وَعَلَّلَهُ بَعْضُ الْمَشَايِخِ بِغَلَبَةِ الِاسْتِرْخَاءِ وَرُدَّ بِأَنَّ الْمَجْنُونَ قَدْ يَكُونُ أَقْوَى مِنْ الصَّحِيحِ فَالْأَوْلَى مَا قُلْنَاهُ كَذَا فِي الْعِنَايَةِ

Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Bāb Salatul Mareedh, p. 573 vol 2

(قَوْلُهُ وَمَنْ جُنَّ أَوْ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ) الْجُنُونُ آفَةٌ تَسْلُبُ الْعَقْلَ وَالْإِغْمَاءُ آفَةٌ تَسْتُرُهُ

Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb Talāq, p. 450 vol 4

(لَا يَقَعُ طَلَاقُ الْمَوْلَى عَلَى امْرَأَةِ عَبْدِهِ) (وَالْمَجْنُونُ) إلَّا إذَا عَلَّقَ عَاقِلًا ثُمَّ جُنَّ فَوُجِدَ الشَّرْطُ

(قَوْلُهُ وَالْمَجْنُونُ) قَالَ فِي التَّلْوِيحِ: الْجُنُونُ اخْتِلَالُ الْقُوَّةِ الْمُمَيِّزَةِ بَيْنَ الْأُمُورِ الْحَسَنَةِ وَالْقَبِيحَةِ الْمُدْرِكَةِ لِلْعَوَاقِبِ، بِأَنْ لَا تَظْهَرَ آثَارُهُ وَتَتَعَطَّلُ أَفْعَالُهَا، إمَّا لِنُقْصَانِ جَبَلٍ عَلَيْهِ دِمَاغُهُ فِي أَصْلِ الْخِلْقَةِ، وَإِمَّا لِخُرُوجِ مِزَاجِ الدِّمَاغِ عَنْ الِاعْتِدَالِ بِسَبَبِ خَلْطٍ أَوْ آفَةٍ، وَإِمَّا لِاسْتِيلَاءِ الشَّيْطَانِ عَلَيْهِ وَإِلْقَاءِ الْخَيَالَاتِ الْفَاسِدَةِ إلَيْهِ بِحَيْثُ يَفْرَحُ وَيَفْزَعُ مِنْ غَيْرِ مَا يَصْلُحُ سَبَبًا. اهـ. وَفِي الْبَحْرِ عَنْ الْخَانِيَّةِ: رَجُلٌ عَرَفَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَجْنُونًا فَقَالَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ: طَلَّقْتَنِي الْبَارِحَةَ فَقَالَ: أَصَابَنِي الْجُنُونُ وَلَا يَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ إلَّا بِقَوْلِهِ كَانَ الْقَوْلُ قَوْلَهُ. اهـ.

3^rd October 2016

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: A man divorced his wife by giving one Talaq-e-Bain (an irrevocable divorce) on the 18th of September and thereafter pronounced another two automatic divorces to occur on the 18th of every month in the same session. What is the Islamic ruling regarding such divorce?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

In reference to your divorce query, her husband divorcing her thrice by attaching a single divorce to the 18^th of each month results in her being divorced thrice irrevocably instantly which means that they can no longer reunite as former couples during her waiting period and neither thereafter.[1] It will be presumed here that the three divorces have already occurred except that the effectiveness of the remaining two will be postponed to the specific dates. Even if the husband wishes to withdraw from his pronunciation of the divorces before their occurrence then he cannot.

Issuing a Talāq-e-Bain (irrevocable divorce)[2] first, however, does not prevent the remaining two divorces taking into effect during her Iddah period. According to the standard principle explained by the Hanafi jurists, clear (Sareeh) divorce issued after a Talāq Ba’in becomes attached with a Ba’in (as in the subsequent divorces still counts).[3] In other words when the husband issued a Talāq-e-Bain (which instantly terminates the marriage) and thereafter during her Iddah issued a second clear divorce then they will be attached with the former Talāq-e-Bain except that this divorce results in an irrevocable divorce.[4] And now by attaching a third divorce then by the end of her waiting period, she becomes divorced thrice.

As a side note, it must be remembered that Islam has given the husband the right to divorce up to three after which there is no possibility of re-joining. Scholars explain that the chances of three divorces mean that when he gives one (and then withdraws) then only two chances remain and if he gives two (and withdraws) then only one divorce remains after which the marriage now becomes irreconcilable.[5] In the above case, attaching a divorce to the specific date of every month renders each of them effective, resulting in all three divorces being used up at the end irrespective of the type of divorce issued.

[Allãh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Ibn Nujaim, Bahr Raiq Kitāb Talāq Fasl Izafatut Talāq ila Zamān, p. 466 vol 3

وَفِي الذَّخِيرَةِ: الْحَاصِلُ أَنَّ الطَّلَاقَ إذَا أُضِيفَ إلَى وَقْتٍ لَا يَقَعُ مَا لَمْ يَجِئْ ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتُ، وَإِنْ أُضِيفَ الْوَقْتُ إلَى الطَّلَاقِ وَقَعَ لِلْحَالِ، وَتَوْضِيحُهُ فِيهَا وَقَيَّدَ بِقَوْلِهِ غَدًا لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ قَالَ: أَنْت طَالِقٌ لَا بَلْ غَدًا طَلُقَتْ السَّاعَةَ وَاحِدَةً، وَفِي الْغَدِ أُخْرَى كَذَا فِي الْمُحِيطِ مَعْزِيًّا إلَى أَبِي يُوسُفَ

Ibn Nujaim, Bahr Raiq Kitāb Talāq Bābul Kinayāt fi Talāq, p. 536 vol 3

وَالْمُعَلَّقُ بِالشَّرْطِ كَالْمُنَجَّزِ عِنْدَ وُجُودِهِ فَكَأَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْعِدَّة أَنْت طَالِقٌ بَائِنٌ وَلَوْ قَالَهُ وَقَعَ بِخِلَافِ أَنْتِ بَائِنٌ مُنْجَزًا فِي عِدَّةِ الْمُبَانَةِ لِأَنَّهُ صِفَةٌ لِلْمَرْأَةِ وَهِيَ لَمْ تَكُنْ مَحَلَّهُ لِأَنَّ مَحَلَّهُ مَنْ قَامَ بِهِ الِاتِّصَالُ، وَقَدْ انْقَطَعَتْ الْوَصْلَةُ بِالْإِبَانَةِ، وَالْمُضَافُ كَالْمُعَلَّقِ حَتَّى لَوْ قَالَ لَهَا أَنْت بَائِنٌ غَدًا نَاوِيًا الطَّلَاقَ ثُمَّ أَبَانَهَا ثُمَّ جَاءَ الْغَدُ وَقَعَتْ أُخْرَى

Ibn Abideen As-Shami Kitāb Talāq, Idhafatut Talāq ila Zamān, p.486 vol 4

(قَوْلُهُ أَوْ كُلَّ جُمُعَةٍ) مَحَلُّهُ مَا إذَا نَوَى كُلَّ جُمُعَةٍ تَمُرُّ بِأَيَّامِهَا عَلَى الدَّهْرِ أَوْ لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ نِيَّةٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ نِيَّتُهُ عَلَى كُلِّ يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ فَهِيَ طَالِقٌ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ حَتَّى تَبِينَ بِثَلَاثٍ ط عَنْ الْبَحْرِ. وَحَاصِلُهُ إنْ نَوَى بِالْجُمُعَةِ الْأُسْبُوعَ أَوْ أَطْلَقَ فَوَاحِدَةٌ، وَإِنْ نَوَى الْيَوْمَ الْمَخْصُوصَ فَثَلَاثٌ لِوُجُودِ الْفَاصِلِ بَيْنَ الْأَيَّامِ كَمَا يَتَّضِحُ قَرِيبًا ً

[2] A Tālaq-e-Bain is an irrevocable divorce whereby when the husband issues, it breaks the marriage instantly except that the wife must still observe her divorce period.

[3] Ibn Nujaim, Bahr Raiq Kitāb Talāq Bābul Kinayāt fi Talāq, p. 531 vol 3

(قَوْلُهُ: وَالصَّرِيحُ يَلْحَقُ الصَّرِيحَ، وَالْبَائِنَ) فَلَوْ قَالَ لَهَا: أَنْت طَالِقٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَنْت طَالِقٌ أَوْ طَلَّقَهَا عَلَى مَالِ وَقَعَ الثَّانِي وَكَذَا لَوْ قَالَ لَهَا: أَنْت بَائِنٌ أَوْ خَالَعَهَا عَلَى مَالٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا: أَنْت طَالِقٌ أَوْ هَذِهِ طَالِقٌ كَمَا فِي الْبَزَّازِيَّةِ يَقَعُ عِنْدَنَا لِحَدِيثِ الْخُدْرِيِّ مُسْنَدًا «الْمُخْتَلِعَةُ يَلْحَقُهَا صَرِيحُ الطَّلَاقِ مَا دَامَتْ فِي الْعِدَّةِ» وَلِمَا ذُكِرَ فِي الْأُصُولِ مِنْ بَحْثِ الْخَاصِّ أَطْلَقَهُ فَشَمِلَ الْمُنَجَّزَ، وَالْمُعَلَّقَ إذَا وُجِدَ شَرْطٌ فَكَمَا يَقَعُ فِي الْعِدَّةِ مُنْجَزًا يَقَعُ إذَا وُجِدَ شَرْطٌ فِيهَا.

Ibn Nujaim, Bahr Raiq Kitāb Talāq Bābul Kinayāt fi Talāq, p. 533 vol 3

قَوْلُهُ: وَالْبَائِنُ يَلْحَقُ الصَّرِيحَ) كَمَا إذَا قَالَ لَهَا: أَنْت طَالِقٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ أَنْت بَائِنٌ أَطْلَقَهُ فَشَمِلَ مَا إذَا خَالَعَهَا أَوْ طَلَّقَهَا عَلَى مَالٍ بَعْدَ الطَّلَاقِ الرَّجْعِيِّ فَيَصِحُّ وَيَجِبُ الْمَالُ كَمَا فِي الْخُلَاصَةِ

[4] Ibn Nujaim, Bahr Raiq Kitāb Talāq Bābul Kinayāt fi Talāq, p. 533 vol 3, Ibn Abideen As-Shami Kitāb Talāq, Bābul Kinayāt, p.540 vol 4

وَإِذَا لَحِقَ الصَّرِيحُ الْبَائِنَ كَانَ بَائِنًا لِأَنَّ الْبَيْنُونَةَ السَّابِقَةَ عَلَيْهِ تَمْنَعُ الرَّجْعَةَ كَمَا فِي الْخُلَاصَةِ

[5] Ahsanul Fatawa, Kitāb at-Talāq p.158 vol 5

20^th August 2016

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Is it permissible for a divorced woman to continue working during her waiting period? They separated on the basis that the husband never provided nafaqah (maintenance) for her nor contributed to the home utility expenditure. The wife was compelled to find a job to pay for the household expenditure and bring food to the table. If she does not work during her waiting period, she will end up losing her job. So can she work during her waiting period?

In addition, would the similar ruling apply to a woman who is studying an Ālim course at her local institute? Can she attend her regular classes during her waiting period or not?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

The general Islamic view point is that a female divorcee cannot emerge from her home during her waiting period due to the explicit Qur’anic command on this matter except due to extreme necessity; where it involves physical and monetary harm. It is the husband’s moral responsibility to provide for her daily expenses during that time and failing to do so will be a sin on his part. However, if it is the case where the wife is compelled to work because her husband refuses to provide for her and nobody is willing to financially support her then as a last resort, the jurists such as Ibn Nujaim rahimahullah have permitted such divorcee to emerge to earn her livelihood during her waiting period due to necessity.[1] It must be made clear here that concessions are limited to the extent necessary, and where the necessity is removed then so is the concession. Due to the necessity case, this rule of concession is restricted only to work and cannot be extended to other areas where physical or monetary harm is not incurred. So reasons such as studying, visiting family relatives and so on are not legitimate reasons for her to emerge during her Iddah.

 [Allãh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Ibn Nujaim, Bahr Raiq, Kitābut Talāq -Fasl Fil Ihdād, vol 6 p. 259

وَالْحَاصِلُ أَنَّ مَدَارَ الْحِلِّ كَوْنُ خُرُوجِهَا بِسَبَبِ قِيَامِ شُغْلِ الْمَعِيشَةِ فَيَتَقَدَّرُ بِقَدْرِهِ فَمَتَى انْقَضَتْ حَاجَتُهَا لَا يَحِلُّ لَهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ صَرْفُ الزَّمَانِ خَارِجَ بَيْتِهَا كَذَا فِي فَتْحِ الْقَدِيرِ وَأَقُولُ: لَوْ صَحَّ هَذَا عَمَّمَ أَصْحَابُنَا الْحُكْمَ فَقَالُوا لَا تَخْرُجُ الْمُعْتَدَّةُ عَنْ طَلَاقٍ أَوْ مَوْتٍ إلَّا لِضَرُورَةٍ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمُطَلَّقَةَ تَخْرُجُ لِلضَّرُورَةِ بِحَسْبِهَا لَيْلًا كَانَ أَوْ نَهَارًا وَالْمُعْتَدَّةُ عَنْ مَوْتٍ كَذَلِكَ فَأَيْنَ الْفَرْقُ؟

Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb Talāb, Fasl Fil Ihdād, vol 5  p. 223

قَالَ فِي الْفَتْحِ: وَالْحَقُّ أَنَّ عَلَى الْمُفْتِي أَنْ يَنْظُرَ فِي خُصُوصِ الْوَقَائِعِ، فَإِنْ عَلِمَ فِي وَاقِعَةٍ عَجْزَ هَذِهِ الْمُخْتَلِعَةِ عَنْ الْمَعِيشَةِ إنْ لَمْ تَخْرُجْ أَفْتَاهَا بِالْحِلِّ، وَإِنْ عَلِمَ قُدْرَتَهَا أَفْتَاهَا بِالْحُرْمَةِ اهـ وَأَقَرَّهُ فِي النَّهْرِ والشُّرُنبُلالِيَّة.

20^th August 2016

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Question: Is it permissible for a divorced woman to continue working during her waiting period? They separated on the basis that the husband never provided nafaqah (maintenance) for her nor contributed to the home utility expenditure. The wife was compelled to find a job to pay for the household expenditure and bring food to the table. If she does not work during her waiting period, she will end up losing her job. So can she work during her waiting period?

In addition, would the similar ruling apply to a woman who is studying the Ālim course at her local institute? Can she attend her regular classes during her waiting period or not?

الجواب حامداً و مصلياً

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Answer

The general Islamic position is that a female divorcee cannot emerge from her home during her waiting period due to the explicit Qur’anic command on this matter except during to extreme necessity that involves physical and monetary harm. It is the husband’s moral duty to provide for her daily expenses during that time and failing to do so will be a sin on his part. However, if it is the case where the wife is compelled to work because her husband refuses to provide for her and nobody is willing to financially support her then as a last resort, the jurists such as Ibn Nujaim rahimahullah have permitted such divorcee to emerge to earn her livelihood during her waiting period as a necessity.[1] It must be made clear here that concessions are limited to the extent necessary, and where the necessity is removed then so is the concession. Due to the necessary case, this rule of concession is restricted only to work and cannot be extended to other areas where physical or monetary harm is not incurred. So reasons such as studying, visiting family relatives and so on are not legitimate reasons for her to leave her home during her Iddah.

[Allãh Knows Best]

Written by (Mufti) Abdul Waheed

Answer Attested by Shaykh Mufti Saiful Islam

JKN Fatawa Department

[1] Ibn Nujaim, Bahr Raiq, Kitābut Talāq -Fasl Fil Ihdād, vol 6 p. 259

وَالْحَاصِلُ أَنَّ مَدَارَ الْحِلِّ كَوْنُ خُرُوجِهَا بِسَبَبِ قِيَامِ شُغْلِ الْمَعِيشَةِ فَيَتَقَدَّرُ بِقَدْرِهِ فَمَتَى انْقَضَتْ حَاجَتُهَا لَا يَحِلُّ لَهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ صَرْفُ الزَّمَانِ خَارِجَ بَيْتِهَا كَذَا فِي فَتْحِ الْقَدِيرِ وَأَقُولُ: لَوْ صَحَّ هَذَا عَمَّمَ أَصْحَابُنَا الْحُكْمَ فَقَالُوا لَا تَخْرُجُ الْمُعْتَدَّةُ عَنْ طَلَاقٍ أَوْ مَوْتٍ إلَّا لِضَرُورَةٍ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمُطَلَّقَةَ تَخْرُجُ لِلضَّرُورَةِ بِحَسْبِهَا لَيْلًا كَانَ أَوْ نَهَارًا وَالْمُعْتَدَّةُ عَنْ مَوْتٍ كَذَلِكَ فَأَيْنَ الْفَرْقُ؟

Durrul Mukhtār wa hashiyah Ibn Ābideen Shāmi, Kitāb Talāb, Fasl Fil Ihdād, vol 5 p. 223

قَالَ فِي الْفَتْحِ: وَالْحَقُّ أَنَّ عَلَى الْمُفْتِي أَنْ يَنْظُرَ فِي خُصُوصِ الْوَقَائِعِ، فَإِنْ عَلِمَ فِي وَاقِعَةٍ عَجْزَ هَذِهِ الْمُخْتَلِعَةِ عَنْ الْمَعِيشَةِ إنْ لَمْ تَخْرُجْ أَفْتَاهَا بِالْحِلِّ، وَإِنْ عَلِمَ قُدْرَتَهَا أَفْتَاهَا بِالْحُرْمَةِ اهـ وَأَقَرَّهُ فِي النَّهْرِ والشُّرُنبُلالِيَّة.